Gerson, Lloyd - Plato On Identity Sameness And Difference.pdf
1. The chemistry of carbon allows the formation of varied organic molecules which accounts for...
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1. The chemistry of carbon allows the formation of varied organic molecules which accounts for _____. • A. the sameness of living things
B. the diversity of living things C. both A and B___
•2. Which of the following is considered a macromolecule?
– A. nucleic acid B. amino acid C. fatty acid D. none of the above
___
•3. Organic molecules are ones that always contain __________.
– A. carbon and nitrogen B. hydrogen and carbon C. hydrogen and phosphorus D. carbon and potassium
___
•4. Inorganic molecules do not affect living things.
• True False___
•5. Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of primary organic molecules?
• A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. salts D. nucleic acids___
•6. Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen mix easily with water.
• True False___
•7. Since carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell it can bind to as many as _____ other atoms.
• A. two B. four C. six D. eight
___
•8. Functional groups of organic molecules __________.
• A. determine the polarity of an organic molecule B. have specific chemical characteristics C. can distinguish one type of organic molecule from another D. all of the above
___
•9. The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called__________.
• A. condensation synthesis B. ionization C. hydrolysis D. phagocytosis
___
•10. During condensation synthesis, water and a bond are formed.
• True False
___
•11. Which is the INCORRECT association between monomer and polymer?
• A. monosaccharide - polysaccharide B. nucleic acid - polypeptide C. nucleotide - nucleic acid D. amino acid - polypeptide
___
•12. During hydrolysis, _____ is used to break a bond.
• A. starch B. cholesterol C. water D. DNA
___
•13. Carbons only bond with other carbons in a chain-like formation.
• True False___
•14. Isomers are molecules that are identical to each other in every way.
• True False___
•15. Carbohydrates typically have twice as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon and oxygen atoms.
• True False
___
•16. Carbohydrates include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
• A. ribose B. glucose C. phospholipid D. starch
___
•17. A dissacharide contains two monosaccharides that were hooked together by ______.
• A. hydrolysis B. condensation___
•18. Which of the following is an isomer of glucose?
• A. chitin B. starch C. lactose D. fructose___
•19. Cellulose is easily digested by humans.
• True False___
•20. Dairy products contain the disaccharide _____, which some people are unable to digest.
• A. cellulose B. lactose C. starch D. glucose
___
•21. Plants store sugars in the form of _____ in their roots.
• A. starch B. cellulose C. glycogen D. chitin
___
•22. Which of the following functions is performed by carbohydrates?
• A. energy storage B. identification of cell type C. plant cell wall support D. all of the above___
•23. Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeletons of crabs and grasshoppers?
• A. glucose B. chitin C. glycogen D. maltose
___
•24. Animal cells store extra glucose as _____.
• A. starch B. chitin C. cellulose D. glycogen___
•25. Deoxyribose is the sugar found in _____.
• A. DNA B. RNA___
•26. Carbohydrates are commonly described as _____.
• A. oils B. waxes C. sugars D. proteins
___
•27. Which best describes a saturated fat?
• A. many C=C bonds in its fatty acids B. liquid at room temperature C. animal origin D. all of the above___
•28. Fats from plants are liquid at room temperature.
• True False___
•29. After hydrolysis of a triglyceride, we would have _____.
• A. many amino acids B. different types of nucleotides C. fatty acids and glycerol D. monosaccharides and disaccharides
___
•30. Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with cardiovascular disease.
• True False
___
•31. Which of the following is NOT a use/function of lipids?
• A. speed up chemical reactions B. insulation C. plasma membrane component D. long-term energy storage
___
•32. Lipids are generally _____ due to an absence of polar groups.
• A. hydrophobic B. hydrophilic C. inert
___
•33. _____ form the waterproof cuticle of plants that decreases water loss.
• A. oils B. steroids C. waxes D. phospholipids
___
•34. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and hydrophobic tails (fatty acids).
• True False___
•35. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of _____.
• A. phospholipids B. waxes C. fats D. all of the above
___
•36. The Aqua Puffs cereal, in figure 3A, that has no saturated fat and no cholesterol would be a recommended food for someone trying to lower their risk of coronary heart disease.
• True False___
•37. Dieticians recommend that the majority of our dietary calories come from ______.
• A. saturated fats B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. cholesterol
___
•38. Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?
• A. It is a steroid. B. It is used to make the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone. C. It has a backbone of four fused carbon rings. D. all of the above
___
•39. Which of the following can bring about a change in protein shape?
• A. temperature B. pH C. either A or B___
•40. The monomers of proteins are _____.
• A. amino acids B. monosaccharides C. glycerol D. nucleotides
___
•41. Which of the following specific kinds of proteins defends us against infectious agents?
• A. hormones B. transport proteins C. enzymes D. antibodies___
•42. Each of the twenty different amino acids has an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another.
• True False___
•43. The chemical characteristics of the amino acids are determined by their _____.
• A. amino group B. R group C. carboxyl group
___
•44. When you boil an egg, the white becomes hard because the albumin protein is denatured by the heat.
• True False
___
•45. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _____.
• A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure
___
•46. All proteins have four levels of structure.
• True False___
•47. The bond between two amino acids is ______.
• A. formed by hydrolysis B. an ionic bond C. nonpolar D. know as a peptide bond___
•48. The three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is associated with its _____.
• A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure___
•49. Once a protein has been denatured it will never regain its normal shape and function.
• True False___
•50. Which of the following acts as an intercellular messenger?
• A. hormone B. antibody C. enzyme
___
•51. DNA is single-stranded, but RNA is double-stranded.
• True False___
•52. In DNA, the number of purine bases always equals the number of pyrimidine bases.
• True False
___
•53. Which of the following is NOT found in a nucleotide?
• A. a pentose sugar B. phosphate C. peptide bonds D. a nitrogen-containing base
___
•54. Nucleotides joined together by condensation synthesis form _____.
• A. polypeptides B. nucleic acids C. polysaccharides D. lipids
___
•55. ATP is a high-energy molecule because two of its phosphate bonds are unstable and easily broken.
• True False___
•56. The two strands of DNA are held together by _____ between the purine and pyrimidine bases.
• A. ionic bonds B. hydrogen bonds C. covalent bonds
___
•57. The nucleotide that supplies energy for condensation synthesis is _____.
• A. adenosine triphosphate B. guanine C. thymine D. cytosine
___
•58. The molecule that stores the information about the order of amino acids in a protein is _____.
• A. ATP B. RNA C. DNA___
•59. DNA contains _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s).
• A. one B. two C. three D. four___
•60. The thymine nucleotide is always paired with the adenine nucleotide in DNA.
• True False___