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stephan ettenauer for the TITAN collaboration

Experimental Program on Experimental Program on

Halo Nuclei Halo Nuclei with non-accelerated Beams at TRIUMFwith non-accelerated Beams at TRIUMF

Weakly Bound Systems in Atomic and Nuclear Physics, March 2010

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Outline

•Overview: Experimental Probes on Halo•Production of Halo Nuclei•non-accelerated Halos @ TRIUMF

– Laser Spectroscopy– Mass Measurements in Penning Trap

•Conclusion & Outlook

TRIUMF

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Halo Nuclei

Two-proton halo

One-neutron halo

Two-neutron halo

One-proton halo

Four-neutron halo

Binary system

K. Tanaka et al., PRL 104, 062701 (2010)

22C

In 1985 Tanihata et al.:•interaction cross section measurements(transmission experiment)•11Li much larger than expected from

general rule of stables: RN ~r0 A1/3 •extra neutrons (or protons)in classically forbidden region

I. Tanihata et al., PRL 55, 2676 (1985)

Transmission Experiment

T. Nakamura et al., PRL 103, 262501 (2009)

31Ne

New Candidates:

would be heaviest nuclear halo systempossibly p - wave 1n halo

S2n=10 keV

S2n=420 keV

⇒ mass required

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beta

Experimental Probes for Halos

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ReactionCross Sections

TransferReaction

KnockoutReactions

ElasticScattering

Breakup

MagneticMoment

Beta Decay

Beta DelayedParticle Emission

•accelerated beams•model depend.

stopped orlow E beam

Mass

Atomic LaserSpectrosco

py

this talk

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Rare Isotope Production

Beam cooler

*

~ 60 keV

~ 10 MeV/uExperiments Experiments Experiments

~ 10 MeV/u~ 100 MeV/u

ExperimentsBeam cooler

~ 20 keV

Charge-

breeder

Charge-

breeder

ISOL (TRIUMF, ISOLDE@CERN):Production: slow (~5 ms) BUT high intensityLow beam energy, ideal for decay and trap exp.Good beam quality (even cooled) & purityPost-acceleration for reaction studiesBUT element selective ionization•⇒ some elements not possible!

In-Flight (MSU, GSI, RIKEN, GANIL):Production: fast, no chemistry involvedHigh beam energy, ideal for reaction exp.Life-time, masses, & basic discoveryLow intensity, poor beam quality & purity

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ISAC @ TRIUMF

TITAN(mass)

collinear LS

for 11Li: W. Nörtershäuser et al.(GSI)

500 MeV protons

target &ion source

high resolution mass separator magnet

pre-separatormagnet

to experiments

ISOL-facility

<60 keV

nuclide yield [1/s] T1/2

6He 2.00E+07 807 ms8He 49000 119 ms11Li 15000 8.8 ms

11Be 1.90E+06 13.8 s

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Techniques:•(anti)collinear LS•two photon resonant LS•LS of individual atoms in MOT

}

Charge Radius

relative measurement⇒need reference:electron scattering(only possible with stables)

Isotope Shift

Mass shift Field Shift / Finite Size Shift

Z.-C. Yan et al., PRL 100, 243002 (2008)

atomic laser spectroscopy high precision atomic physics calculation

with

nuclear mass:

• need δδm < 1keV

• short lived (<10 ms)⇒ Penning Traps

for He, Li, Be: MS ∼10 GHz ⇔ FS ∼1 MHz

in-beam

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Laser spectroscopy of 11Li

R. Sanchez et al., PRL 96, 033002 (2006)

fromISAC

ALi+

overall efficiency:10-4

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Measurement Principle

atomic level scheme: Li

1) 11Li+ from ISAC2) neutralized in hot C - foil3) two photon resonance 2s→3s

4) spontaneous decay 3s→2p5) second laser: 2p→3d6) ionization7) detection of ions

R. Sanchez et al., PRL 96, 033002 (2006)

⇒ Doppler free

⇒ scanν0

broad

narrow (transition of interest)

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Spectra

R. Sanchez et al., PRL 96, 033002 (2006)

6Li 11Li

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M. Puchalski et al., PRL 97,133001 (2006)

Results

R. Sanchez et al., PRL 96, 033002 (2006)

isotope shifts 7Li-ALi: • 2s→3s• reference rc(7Li) = 2.39(3) fm

At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 14, 479 (1974)

Z.-C. Yan et al., PRL 100, 243002 (2008)

mass shifts

rc (11Li) = 2.423(17)(30) fm

reference rc

mass: MISTRAL (2005)

rc (11Li) = 2.465(19)(30) fm

mass: AME‘03

! need mass !

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TITAN

ISAC beam: A+

Penning traps: •highest precision•previously shortest 74Rbwith T1/2=65 ms ISOLTRAP @ CERN

•but 11Li T1/2 = 8.8 ms

A. Kellerbauer et al., PRL 93, 072502 (2004)

1$CANmasses of halos:•reflect binding energy•separation energy: Sn, Sp•input to extract physical quantities from exp. (e.g. rc )

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• confinement:

– strong axial, hom. B-field (3.7 T)

– electrostatic quadrupolar field

• 3 eigenmotions

• cyclotron frequency

• quadrupolor rf- field (ring electrode) leads to conversion:

magnetron ↔ reduced cyclotron

• radial energy:

B

Measurement Principle

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• initial magnetron preparation– dipolar RF excitation ~ 10 ms– Lorentz steerer

• quadrupolor rf- field• extraction: through B-field Er to El

• El measured by TOF • minimum at νc

• comparison to well known isotope

Mass measurements in the MPET

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Precise & Accurate

accurate, but not precise

precise, but not accurate

line width (FWHM):

⇒ resolution:

⇒ even for Trf ∼ 10ms

•exact theoretical description

•even for non-ideal traps

•off-line tests with stables ⇒ control over systematics for TITAN: < 5 ppb possible

L.S. Brown and G. Gabrielse, Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 233 (1986)G. Bollen et al., J. Appl. Phys. 88, 4355 (1990)M. König et al., Int. J. Mass Spect. 142, 95 (1995)M. Kretzschmarr, Int. J. Mass Spect. 246, 122 (2007)

G. Bollen et al., J. Appl. Phys. 88, 4355 (1990)G. Gabrielse, PRL 102, 172501 (2009)

M. Brodeur et al, PRC 80, 044318 (2009)

6Li

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Mass of 11Li

M. Smith et al., PRL 101, 202501 (2008)

11Li

Reference Mass [u]

AME’03 11.043 798(21)

MISTRAL 2005 11.043 715 7(54)

TITAN 2007 11.043 723 61 (69)

rc (11Li) = 2.427(16)(30) fm

eliminates mass as source of uncertainty!two neutron separation energy:

S2n = -M(A,Z) + M(A-2,Z) + 2n•asymptotic waveform for Borromean system•soft electric-dipole excitation

•models of 11Li: adjust 9Li-n interaction

T. Nakamura et al., PRL 96, 252502 (2006)

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Other Halos: Laser Spectroscopy

P. Mueller et al., PRL 99, 252501 (2007)

6He and 8He•Argonne Lab / GANIL•LS in MOT

all in MHz

mass: dominating uncertainty

W. Nörtershäuseret al., PRL 102, 062503 (2009)

811Be:•GSI•collinear LS

δm=6.4 keV (AME’03)

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TITAN: 6He & 8He

M. Brodeur et al., in prep.V. L. Ryjkov et al., PRL 101, 012501 (2008)

2nd 8He mass meas.1st 8He mass meas. 6He mass meas.

New masses (M.E.=m-A)

1.7σ 4.0σ

4He

6He

8He

S. Bacca et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 42, 553 (2009)

comparison to theory: need 3N interactions

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TITAN: 11Be

R. Ringle et al., PLB 675, 170 (2009)

mass ref.

mass ex.[kev]

δMS (9Be-11Be) 2s1/2 → 2p1/2

AME’0320 174.1(6.4)

31 560.05(9)

TITAN’09

20 177.60(58)

31 560.086(13)⇒confirms AME & improves precision

⇒uncertainty of mass negligible for rc

P. Mueller et al., PRL 99, 252501 (2007)

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12Be

S. Ettenauer et al., PRC 81, 024314 (2010)

calculation & measurement of rc in the near future → see talk of Thomas Neff

T1/2 = 24 ms ~30-300 ions/s

detectable at yield station measurement possible TITAN: m.e.=25

078.0(2.1) keV

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Conclusions• Interplay of various experimental approaches allow to

identify & probe nuclear halos• Combination of high precision

– laser spectroscopy–mass measurements –atomic physics calculation

• benchmark theoretical models (mass, matter/charge radius, ..)

• later this year: electric quadrupole moment of 11Li• TITAN: masses

– to investigate established halos 14Be(2n), 19C(1n), 17Ne(1p)

–needed to decide if halo structure in 22C and 31Ne

⇒ charge radius}Outlook (TRIUMF)

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TITAN collaboration

M. Brodeur, T. Brunner, S. Ettenauer, A. Gallant, V. Simon, M. Smith, A. Lapierre, R. Ringle, V. Ryjkov, M. Simon,

M. Good, P. Delheij, D. Lunney, and J. Dilling for the TITAN collaboration

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Backup SlidesBackup Slides

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AC Stark Effect

R. Sanchez et al., PRL 96, 033002 (2006)

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6He and 8He: Laser Spectroscopy

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He: Comparison with theory

Both the GFMC & NCSM rc agrees with new exp. 6,8He rc Method that provides the closest values to experimentOnly method that uses 3 nucleons interaction (3NI)

GFMC2NI

3NINCSM Produce a physical rc for an unbound nuclei, consequence of using faster Gaussian fall-off and small model space.

!

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11Be: Laser Spectroscopy

W. Nörtershäuseret al., PRL 102, 062503 (2009)

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11Be: Comparison to Models