1 Status & Plans for Implementing the Initial U.S. IOOS Tom Malone Director, OceanUS University of...
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Transcript of 1 Status & Plans for Implementing the Initial U.S. IOOS Tom Malone Director, OceanUS University of...
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Status & Plans for Implementing the Initial U.S. IOOS
Tom MaloneDirector, OceanUS
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
1. 1998 – 20042. Governance3. The Initial System4. Pilot Projects
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1998 NORLC Charged by CongressIntegrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
Provide Data/Info Required for More Rapid Detection & Timely Prediction of State Changes
• Improve the safety & efficiency of marine operations
• Improve homeland security
• Mitigate effects of natural hazards more effectively
• Improve predictions of climate change & their effects
• Minimize public health risks
• Protect & restore healthy coastal marine ecosystems more effectively
• Sustain living marine resources
1 System, 7 Goals
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• 1999 – NORLC Submits Provisional Design => Congress
• 2000 – NORLC creates OceanUS Office
• 2002 – OceanUS Workshop
National consensus on priorities for developing the Initial IOOS
• 2003 – Regional Development Nationally
NORLC/OSTP Approved design plan & implementation priorities => Congress
OceanUS Regional Summit => Establish Regional Systems S.1400 authorizing $216 M for 1st year of IOOS Regional groups funded to establish Regional Associations
• 2004 – Commission on Ocean Policy (March)
OceanUS Workshop: Building Regional Capacity (29-30 March) OceanUS Implementation Plan for the Initial IOOS (April) House version of S.1400 (??) OceanUS Interagency – RA Planning Conference FY 2007 (July) OceanUS Endorsced, NORLC Approved Integrated Plan with Agency
funding commitments FY 2007 (Sept)
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2003Congress Directs NOAA & Its NORLC Partners
Submit an Implementation Plan
1) Specify an interagency governance structure
2) Define the roles & responsibilities of each agency in the implementation & operation the system
3) Provide multi-year funding estimates by agency
4) Articulate a process for regional coordination & technical support to ensure development of
integrated regional systems as part of a national observing initiative
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• Part I – Structure and GovernanceVision & design principlesSystem architecturePlanning Implementation Cycle
• Part II – Building the Initial IOOS Integrate existing assets across AgenciesCoordinated regional developmentRoles of participating NOPP Agencies
• Part III – Improving the IOOSEnhance the initial IOOSR&D prioritiesMulti-year budget projection
Implementation PlanInitial IOOS
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• NORLC – “Governing Board”
Responsible for IOOS development & operation Establishes policies & approves design & implementation plans
• OceanUS – Guided by Agency Priorities (via an Executive Committee), USGSC & RAs
Plans, endorses, coordinates & evaluates
• NOPP Agencies – Based on Agency Priorities & mutual benefits
Implement, operate & improve the Global Ocean Component (International collaboration) & National Coastal Backbone
Fund Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems
• Regional Associations – Following IOOS Principles & Requirements
Design, implement, operate & improve Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems
Guide development of the National Backbone & may contribute to its development
Governance
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A National Federation of Regional Associations
• Represent Regional Associations at Federal Level
Enable effective communications among NOPP agencies & RAs Ensure evolution of a national backbone that meets regional
needs, Contribute to the development of common standards & protocols
& facilitate their use Promote development of & funding for Regional Coastal Ocean
Observing Systems nationwide
• Coordinate Development of Regional Associations
Promote technology & information transfer Facilitate use of common standards & protocols Work with RAs to establish geographic boundaries as needed
• Periodically Recertify Regional Associations
• NFRA Representation
Regional Associations Participating NOPP Agencies OceanUS (ex officio)
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National Weather ServiceA Model for an Operational, End to End Observing System
Advice
R&D Requirements
Meteorology&
PhysicalOceanography
NWSClimate
ObservingSystem
Weather
• Climatologies• Nowcasts• Forecasts• Future Casts
Climate• Long Range Predictions
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IOOS Phenomena of InterestClimate & Weather +
• Marine Ops, Hazards, Security & Public Health
Sea surface winds, currents, ice & waves
Sea level & bathymetry Storm surge, erosion,
susceptibility to natural hazards
Acoustic performance Propagation of
electromagnetic waves Human exposure to
• Contaminants• Pathogens
• Ecosystem Health & Natural Resources
Habitat modification Loss of biodiversity Invasive species Harmful algal events Eutrophication Disease & mass
mortalities Stocks of harvestable
resources Declining harvests Mariculture operations
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Detecting & Predicting Changein Oceans & Coasts
Multi-D Foundation
• Marine Meteorology• Oceanography • Marine & Estuarine Ecology• Landscape Ecology• Medical Research
Multiple Applications
• Marine operations• Public health & safety• LMR Management• Environmental Protection• ICAM• Coastal Engineering
Advice
R&D Requirements
IOOS
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Basic Design Considerations
System must be multi-scale & interdisciplinary
System must provide rapid access to diverse data from many sources
Regions have both unique & common requirements for data, data management & analysis
Many building blocks of the IOOS already exist
Operational capabilities are most advanced for the goals of marine operations, homeland security, natural hazards, and climate prediction
Major commitment to R&D required to realize the potential of a fully integrated, sustained & operational system
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U.S. IOOSTwo Interdependent Components
Global Ocean Climate Component
GOOS/GCOSCoastal Ocean
Component
GLs NE
MAB
SEGoMex
HIsl
GoA
NW
SW
RegionalObservingSystems
NationalBackbone
Resolution
Lower
Higher
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Coastal Component• Operated by
NOPP Agencies RAs
• EEZ & Great Lakes • Core variables
required by regions• Networks
sentinel stations reference stations
• Standards/Protocols QAQC, DMAC Products
• Regional Associations Design Operate
• Involve user groups Design Evaluation
• Incorporate Subregional systems Elements thereof
• Based on User Needs Resolution Variables
Regional COOS’s
National Backbone
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2002 OceanUS National WorkshopCore Variables
• Physical– Temperature*, Salinity*– Bathymetry*– Sea level*– Surface waves*,
currents*– Ice distribution– Air/Sea heat flux
• Multidisciplinary– Optical properties*– Bottom character*
* Variables also recommended by COOP & EuroGOOS
• Chemical– Dissolved inorganic
nutrient*– Contaminants– Dissolved oxygen*
• Biological– Fish species,
abundance– Zooplankton species,
abundance– Phytoplankton species,
biomass (ocean color*)– Pathogens
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Global ProductsDetect/Predict
ENSO, Extreme Weather, Climate Change
• Increase resolution of field estimatesSea surface windsSST & SSSSurface currents & wavesSea ice
• Improve sea level predictionsTidesLong – term, secular changes
• More accurate estimates of changes inHeat & freshwater content of the oceansAir–Sea fluxes of heat, water & momentum
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National Coastal Backbone: EEZ, Great LakesEffects of ENSO, Extreme Weather, Climate Change, & People
• Extend global products into coastal waters +
• Detect changes in ecological properties more rapidly Surface & interior chlorophyll (fields) Macrozooplankton biomass distributions Maps of extent & condition of critical benthic habitats
• coral reefs, SAV, • tidal marshes & mangrove forests
• Quantify resources more accurately & rapidly Spawning stock size & distribution of harvestable fish
species
• Quantify land–based Inputs more accurately & rapidly Freshwater transport Weekly sediments, nutrients & contaminants
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Part II. Process of Identifying Existing Assets for OceanUS Endorsement
• NOPP Agencies provide inventories of candidate programs
• Criteria for OceanUS Endorsement
Measure at least 1 of the core variables Provide value–added benefits as part of an
integrated system (new or improved products) Meet operational requirements
• Community tested & accepted techniques• Sustainable, routine & cost-effective operation
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National BackboneInitial Operational Observing Subsystem
EEZ, Great Lakes
• Remote SensingNational Polar – Orbiting Environmental Satellite
(NOAA, Navy, NASA)
• In Situ SensingStream gauge network (USGS)Tide gauge network (NOAA, USGS)Buoy programs – moored instruments (NOAA, Navy)Wave gauge programs (NOAA, Navy, USACE)Hydrographic & Habitat surveys (NOAA, USGS)Fish stock assessments (NOAA)
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2002 OceanUS WorkshopPart III. Enhancing the Initial IOOS
Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5Mostly new infrastructure
DMAC1 18 30 45 50 60Regional Systems2 50 110 170 210 210
Building on existing assets
Global ocean-climate3 30 60 90 120 120Coastal enhancement4 40 60 80 100 110
TOTAL 138 260 385 480 500
1 Landry Bernard
2 David Martin
3 Based on pre – existing plans
4 Enhance the initial backbone by improving existing elements (NDBC buoys, tide & stream gauge networks, remote sensing) & pilot projects to transition research capabilities => operational modes
$ Millions
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Four Stages of IOOS Development
1. ResearchNew Knowledge & Technologies
2. Pilot ProjectsDemonstrate Feasibility(community acceptance;standards & protocols)
3. Pre-Operational ProjectsProof of Concept
(value added, cost-effective)
4. Operational System(routine, sustained)
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Goal: Surface current velocity maps in real – time
Challenge: Rapid integration of data from HF Radars, Satellites, & In situ instruments
Ocean.US
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Surface Current Mapping: Multiple Applications
• Search & Rescue– More rapid recovery
• Ship Routing & Detection– Fuel efficiency, Safety
• Oil Spills & Harmful Algal Blooms– More accurate forecasts of
trajectories, Mitigation
• Sustainable Fisheries– More accurate estimates of
recruitment
• Ocean Science– Improved physical & ecological
models
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Building Regional Capacity
• 2004 Workshop: Building Regional Capacity,
29-30 March, Washington, D.C.
Criteria & process for certification as a Regional Association
Process by which RA’s will help guide design, implementation & improvement of the IOOS
Initiate process that will lead to establishment of the National Federation of RA’s
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National Workshop to Build Regional CapacityWashington, D.C. 29-30 March 2004
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Observing Requirements: Remote Sensing
Sustain & Improve Satellite Time-Series Surface winds, temperature, waves, currents Sea surface height Ocean color
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Global Ocean-Climate ComponentRequirements for In Situ Observations
Full implementationFull implementation
• ArgoArgo
• Water level networkWater level network
• Global ocean time series Global ocean time series observatories observatories
Successful completionSuccessful completion
• GODAEGODAE
Optimize the global network Optimize the global network of observationsof observations
Enhance ocean time series Enhance ocean time series observatoriesobservatories
• key biological & chemical key biological & chemical sensors sensors
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Four Year Implementation Planning Cycle• Yr N-3 (2004) Guidelines for Yr N Implementation
May: Agencies & RA’s report on status & plans => OceanUS July: Inter-agency, RA Conference => OceanUS integrated
report on status & plans => NORLC Sept: NORLC/Ocean.US endorsed implementation plan (IP)
for Yr N
• Yr N-2 (2005) Agency– Specific Plans & Budgets Using the IP for guidance, each agency prepares a budget
that incorporates their contribution for Yr N implementation
• Yr N-1 (2006) Integration OceanUS prepares integrated multi–agency IP based on
agency–specific commitments NOAA prepares consolidated, multi–agency budget Federal budget submission & appropriations
• Yr N (2007) Implementation NOPP Agencies + RAs => National Backbone RAs => Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems
• Yr N+1 (2008) OceanUS Performance Evaluation
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Governance of the IOOS
PlanEndorse
SelectFund
Implement
EvaluateVerify
Functions
NORLCEstablish PoliciesNOPP Agencies
Implement Global + Backbone
Responsibilities
Ocean.US
ExCom
NFRAEstablish Policies
RAs ImplementRCOOSs
ORAP
USGSC
4 YrPlanning
Cycle
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S.1400: Ocean Observations & Coastal Systems Act
Snowe, Kerry, McCain, Hollings, Inouye & Breaux
• Authorization – Passed Senate October, 2003
• Assigns responsibility for establishing & maintaining the IOOS to NOPP
• Formalizes in statute an Interagency Program Office (OceanUS)
• Directs the NORLC to establish a Joint Operations Center to be managed by NOAA in consultation with its NORLC partners
• Authorizes $216M for FY 04 => $257M in FY 08
• Expect House passage this session (Resource Committee + Science, Armed Services & Transportation)
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S.1400: Authorization of Appropriations
Year 1 $216M => Yr 5 $257M
Year 1• NOAA: $83M
– > $42M for regions– $3M for HF Radar
• NSF: $25M
• NASA: $30M
• Navy: $55M– ONR $25M– Oceanographer
$30M
• USCG: $8M
• Other NOPP: $15M