11

STANDARDIZATIONSTANDARDIZATION OFOF GEOSYNTHETICSGEOSYNTHETICS

22

GEO-TEXTILES ARE FABRICS (WOVEN, NON-WOVEN, GEO-TEXTILES ARE FABRICS (WOVEN, NON-WOVEN, KNITTED OR COMPOSITES) USED IN, WITHIN OR KNITTED OR COMPOSITES) USED IN, WITHIN OR BENEATH THE SOIL. BENEATH THE SOIL.

THESE CONSIST OF MAINLY THE TEXTILE MATERIALS THESE CONSIST OF MAINLY THE TEXTILE MATERIALS MADE OF POLYESTER, POLYPROPYLENE, GLASS MADE OF POLYESTER, POLYPROPYLENE, GLASS FIBRES, JUTE AND COIR. FIBRES, JUTE AND COIR.

JUTE AND COIR GEO-TEXTILES HAVE ADDITIONAL JUTE AND COIR GEO-TEXTILES HAVE ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF BEING ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY ADVANTAGE OF BEING ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND BIODEGRADABLE WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AND BIODEGRADABLE WHICH ARE MAINLY USED FOR PREVENTION OF SOIL EROSION THROUGH FOR PREVENTION OF SOIL EROSION THROUGH VEGETATION.VEGETATION.

33

GEO-TEXTILES HAVE A LARGE POTENTIAL FOR USE IN INDIA.GEO-TEXTILES HAVE A LARGE POTENTIAL FOR USE IN INDIA.

THE INDIAN RAILWAYS ALONE HAS IDENTIFIED ABOUT 20000 THE INDIAN RAILWAYS ALONE HAS IDENTIFIED ABOUT 20000 KM OF RAILWAY TRACK FOR STABILIZATION.KM OF RAILWAY TRACK FOR STABILIZATION.

THE NATIONAL INTEGRATESD HIGHWAY PROJECT LAUNCHED THE NATIONAL INTEGRATESD HIGHWAY PROJECT LAUNCHED BY THE PRIME MINISTER ENVISAGES ENORMOUS USE OF BY THE PRIME MINISTER ENVISAGES ENORMOUS USE OF GEO-SYNTHETICS. GEO-SYNTHETICS.

THESE PROJECTS HAVE LEAD TO HUGE DEMAND AND THESE PROJECTS HAVE LEAD TO HUGE DEMAND AND CONSUMPTION OF GEO-TEXTILES IN THE COUNTRY.CONSUMPTION OF GEO-TEXTILES IN THE COUNTRY.

44

DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS ON DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS ON GEO-SYNTHETICS IN INDIAGEO-SYNTHETICS IN INDIA

55

COMPANY STANDARDSCOMPANY STANDARDS

IN INDIA VARIOUS STANDARDS ON GEO-SYNTHETICS WERE IN INDIA VARIOUS STANDARDS ON GEO-SYNTHETICS WERE EARLIER ATTEMPTED AND PREPARED BY THE USER EARLIER ATTEMPTED AND PREPARED BY THE USER DEPARTMENTSDEPARTMENTS TO A LIMITED EXTENT WHICH NORMALLY TO A LIMITED EXTENT WHICH NORMALLY COVERED ONLY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO COVERED ONLY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO THEIR USE.THEIR USE.

– FOR EXAMPLE, THE MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND FOR EXAMPLE, THE MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS (MRT&H) AND INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS (IRC) HAVE HIGHWAYS (MRT&H) AND INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS (IRC) HAVE EVOLVED THE STANDARDS RELATED TO USE OFEVOLVED THE STANDARDS RELATED TO USE OF GEO-GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR ROAD, ROAD PAVEMENT , BRIDGE WORKS SYNTHETICS FOR ROAD, ROAD PAVEMENT , BRIDGE WORKS ETC.ETC.

– SIMILARLY RDSO HAS EVOLVED STANDARDS RELATED TO USE SIMILARLY RDSO HAS EVOLVED STANDARDS RELATED TO USE OF GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR RAIL BED STABILIZATION.OF GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR RAIL BED STABILIZATION.

66

N ATIONAL STANDARDIZATIONN ATIONAL STANDARDIZATION

77

A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH FOR STANDARDIZATION OF GEO-SYNTHETICS AT A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH FOR STANDARDIZATION OF GEO-SYNTHETICS AT NATIONAL LEVEL WAS FIRST ADOPTED BY BIS IN LATE 1980S THROUGH A NATIONAL LEVEL WAS FIRST ADOPTED BY BIS IN LATE 1980S THROUGH A NETWORK OFNETWORK OF TWO TECHNICAL COMMITTEES,TWO TECHNICAL COMMITTEES,

GEO-TEXTILES AND INDUSTRIAL FABRICS SECTIONAL COMMITTEE, TX 30 GEO-TEXTILES AND INDUSTRIAL FABRICS SECTIONAL COMMITTEE, TX 30 ANDAND

GEO-SYNTHETICS SECTIONAL COMMITTEE, WRD 25.GEO-SYNTHETICS SECTIONAL COMMITTEE, WRD 25.

TX 30TX 30 IS LOOKING AFTER STANDARDIZATION WORK RELATED TO TESTING IS LOOKING AFTER STANDARDIZATION WORK RELATED TO TESTING AND SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR GEO-TEXTILES MADE OF AND SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR GEO-TEXTILES MADE OF POLYESTER, POLYPROPYLENE, JUTE, COIR AND OTHER FIBRES HAVING POLYESTER, POLYPROPYLENE, JUTE, COIR AND OTHER FIBRES HAVING WOVEN/NON-WOVEN/KNITTEDWOVEN/NON-WOVEN/KNITTED STRUCTURE WHILE STRUCTURE WHILE

WRD 25 MAINLY COVERS GEO-MEMBRANES/GEO-GRIDS/GEO-COMPOSITES WRD 25 MAINLY COVERS GEO-MEMBRANES/GEO-GRIDS/GEO-COMPOSITES AND ALLIED PRODUCTS (NATURAL AND POLYMERIC) FOR RIVER VALLEY AND ALLIED PRODUCTS (NATURAL AND POLYMERIC) FOR RIVER VALLEY AND OTHER CIVIL ENGINEERING RELATED APPLICATIONS.AND OTHER CIVIL ENGINEERING RELATED APPLICATIONS.

OF LATE WRD 25 HAS BEEN MERGED WITH TX 30OF LATE WRD 25 HAS BEEN MERGED WITH TX 30

88

A PROPERLY DESIGNED GEO-SYNTHETIC MATERIAL A PROPERLY DESIGNED GEO-SYNTHETIC MATERIAL IS BELIEVED TO PERFORM THE FOLLOWING IS BELIEVED TO PERFORM THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS SEPARATELY OR IN CONJUNCTION, IN FUNCTIONS SEPARATELY OR IN CONJUNCTION, IN DIFFERENT APPLICATION AREAS:DIFFERENT APPLICATION AREAS:

– SEPARATIONSEPARATION– FILTRATION AND DRAINAGEFILTRATION AND DRAINAGE– INITIAL REINFORCEMENTINITIAL REINFORCEMENT– CONTROL OF SURFACE SOIL DETACHMENTCONTROL OF SURFACE SOIL DETACHMENT– VEGETATION OR BIO-TECHNICAL SUPPORTVEGETATION OR BIO-TECHNICAL SUPPORT

99

NEED FOR TESTINGNEED FOR TESTING

PRODUCTS ARE TESTED FOR THE FOLLOWING PRODUCTS ARE TESTED FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS:REASONS:

* QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL* QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL* SETTING AND MAINTAINING PERFORMANCE * SETTING AND MAINTAINING PERFORMANCE

STANDARDSSTANDARDS * INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS* INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS * PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS AND RESEARCH* PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS AND RESEARCH

1010

THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES OF GEO-THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES OF GEO-SYNTHETICS ARE IMPORTANT FROM SYNTHETICS ARE IMPORTANT FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF PERFORMANCE OF THE VIEWPOINT OF PERFORMANCE OF GEO-TEXTILES DURING USE :GEO-TEXTILES DURING USE :

1111

APPARENT OPENING SIZEAPPARENT OPENING SIZE WATER PERMITTIVITYWATER PERMITTIVITY WATER TRANSMITTIVITYWATER TRANSMITTIVITY CREEP BEHAVIOURCREEP BEHAVIOUR PUNCTURE RESISTANCEPUNCTURE RESISTANCE ABRASION RESISTANCEABRASION RESISTANCE THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PRESSURESTHICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PRESSURES MASS PER UNIT AREAMASS PER UNIT AREA TENSILE PROPERTIESTENSILE PROPERTIES TEAR STRENGTHTEAR STRENGTH MICROBIAL RESISTANCEMICROBIAL RESISTANCE RESISTANCE TO WEATHERING (UV LIGHT, WATER AND HEAT)RESISTANCE TO WEATHERING (UV LIGHT, WATER AND HEAT) JOINT/SEAM STRENGTH,JOINT/SEAM STRENGTH, THICKNESS ETC.THICKNESS ETC.

1212

GEO-TEXTILES HAVE SPECIFIC CONSTRUCTIONS GEO-TEXTILES HAVE SPECIFIC CONSTRUCTIONS AND WORK IN SPECIFIC SOIL CONDITIONS AND END AND WORK IN SPECIFIC SOIL CONDITIONS AND END USES, THE TEST METHODS USED FOR ORDINARY USES, THE TEST METHODS USED FOR ORDINARY TEXTILES ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO THEM. TEXTILES ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO THEM.

THE DEGREE OF BENEFITS OFFERED BY GEO-THE DEGREE OF BENEFITS OFFERED BY GEO-TEXTILE MATERIALS TO SOIL FABRIC AGGREGATE TEXTILE MATERIALS TO SOIL FABRIC AGGREGATE SYSTEM DEPENDS TO A LARGE EXTENT ON THE SYSTEM DEPENDS TO A LARGE EXTENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL AS WELL AS THE FABRIC PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL AS WELL AS THE FABRIC USED USED

KEEPING THIS IN VIEW, BIS HAS PUBLISHED INDIAN KEEPING THIS IN VIEW, BIS HAS PUBLISHED INDIAN STANDARDS ON GEO-SYNTHETICSSTANDARDS ON GEO-SYNTHETICS

1313

IS 13321(PT 1): 1992 GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR GEO-IS 13321(PT 1): 1992 GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS, PART I TERMS USED IN MATERIALS AND SYNTHETICS, PART I TERMS USED IN MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES PROPERTIES

THIS STANDARD IS COMPILATION OF THE TERMS THIS STANDARD IS COMPILATION OF THE TERMS RELATING TO MATERIAL AND PROPERTIES, LIKE RELATING TO MATERIAL AND PROPERTIES, LIKE ABSORPTION, APPARENT OPENING SIZE, BIO-ABSORPTION, APPARENT OPENING SIZE, BIO-DEGRADABILITY, BONDING, BREAKING LOAD, DEGRADABILITY, BONDING, BREAKING LOAD, TOUGHNESS, CHEMICALLY BONDED NON-WOVEN FABRIC, TOUGHNESS, CHEMICALLY BONDED NON-WOVEN FABRIC, CLOGGING, COATED FABRICS, COMPRESSED THICKNESS, CLOGGING, COATED FABRICS, COMPRESSED THICKNESS, DISCONTINUOUS FIBRE, ELASTIC LIMIT, EXTRUDED MESH, DISCONTINUOUS FIBRE, ELASTIC LIMIT, EXTRUDED MESH, EXTRUDER FABRIC, COMPOSITE, FABRIC KNIT, FABRIC EXTRUDER FABRIC, COMPOSITE, FABRIC KNIT, FABRIC NON-WOVEN, BREAKING LOAD, GEO-CELL, GEO-NON-WOVEN, BREAKING LOAD, GEO-CELL, GEO-COMPOSITE, GEO-GRID, GEO-MEMBRANE, INDEX TEST, COMPOSITE, GEO-GRID, GEO-MEMBRANE, INDEX TEST, INITIAL TENSILE MODULUS, OFFSET, TENSILE MODULUS, INITIAL TENSILE MODULUS, OFFSET, TENSILE MODULUS, STIFFNESS.STIFFNESS.

1414

IS 13326(PT 1): 1992 - METHOD OF TEST FOR THE IS 13326(PT 1): 1992 - METHOD OF TEST FOR THE EVALUATION OF INTERFACE FRICTION BETWEEN GEO-EVALUATION OF INTERFACE FRICTION BETWEEN GEO-SYNTHETICS AND SOIL PART I MODIFIED DIRECT SHEAR SYNTHETICS AND SOIL PART I MODIFIED DIRECT SHEAR TECHNIQUE TECHNIQUE

THIS STANDARD PROVIDES DETAILS ON TEST METHODS THIS STANDARD PROVIDES DETAILS ON TEST METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENT OF INTERFACE FOR DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENT OF INTERFACE FRICTION BETWEEN A GIVEN SOIL (INCLUDING FRICTION BETWEEN A GIVEN SOIL (INCLUDING AGGREGATE AND BALLAST) AND A GEO-SYNTHETIC USED AGGREGATE AND BALLAST) AND A GEO-SYNTHETIC USED FOR REINFORCEMENT PURPOSES. THIS METHOD IS ALSO FOR REINFORCEMENT PURPOSES. THIS METHOD IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR ASSESSING THE FRICTION BETWEEN A APPLICABLE FOR ASSESSING THE FRICTION BETWEEN A GEO-MEMBRANE AND THE NATURAL OR COMPACTED SOIL GEO-MEMBRANE AND THE NATURAL OR COMPACTED SOIL IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE STABILITY OF THE IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE STABILITY OF THE CANAL/RESERVOIR LINING.CANAL/RESERVOIR LINING.

1515

IS 14986:2001 GUIDELINES FOR APPLICATION OF IS 14986:2001 GUIDELINES FOR APPLICATION OF JUTE GEO-TEXTILE FOR RAIN WATER EROSION JUTE GEO-TEXTILE FOR RAIN WATER EROSION CONTROL IN ROAD AND RAILWAY EMBANKMENT CONTROL IN ROAD AND RAILWAY EMBANKMENT AND HILL SLOPES AND HILL SLOPES

THIS STANDARD HAS BEEN PREPARED BASED ON THIS STANDARD HAS BEEN PREPARED BASED ON THE DATA PROVIDED BY THE INDIGENOUS THE DATA PROVIDED BY THE INDIGENOUS MANUFACTURERS AND TAKING INTO MANUFACTURERS AND TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE PRACTICE PREVALENT IN CONSIDERATION THE PRACTICE PREVALENT IN INDIA. THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS, INDIA. THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS, SELECTION, INSTALLATION METHOD, SELECTION, INSTALLATION METHOD, MONITORING AND REQUIREMENT OF PACKING MONITORING AND REQUIREMENT OF PACKING HAVE BEEN COVERED IN THIS STANDARD HAVE BEEN COVERED IN THIS STANDARD

1616

IS 13162(PT 2):1991 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF IS 13162(PT 2):1991 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST PART 2: DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TEST PART 2: DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO EXPOSURE OF ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT AND TO EXPOSURE OF ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT AND WATER (XENON ARC TYPE) WATER (XENON ARC TYPE)

THIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES A METHOD FOR THIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE OF GEO-THE DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE OF GEO-TEXTILES TO THE EXPOSURE OF ULTRAVIOLET TEXTILES TO THE EXPOSURE OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT AND WATER. THE LIGHT AND WATER LIGHT AND WATER. THE LIGHT AND WATER EXPOSURE APPARATUS EMPLOYS A XENON-ARC EXPOSURE APPARATUS EMPLOYS A XENON-ARC LIGHT SOURCE. LIGHT SOURCE.

1717

Geo-textiles are manufactured using a variety of processes Geo-textiles are manufactured using a variety of processes and formulations of polymers and each geo- textile varies and formulations of polymers and each geo- textile varies in its sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation in its sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun varies with duration of exposure, angle of from the sun varies with duration of exposure, angle of inclination of the sun, atmospheric conditions, topography, inclination of the sun, atmospheric conditions, topography, and geography. The Xenon-arc test cannot simulate all and geography. The Xenon-arc test cannot simulate all these variables, so it is not likely that Xenon-arc test these variables, so it is not likely that Xenon-arc test results will relate directly to sunlight exposure test results results will relate directly to sunlight exposure test results for a specific fabric at a given site. for a specific fabric at a given site.

The method prescribed is suitable for comparative The method prescribed is suitable for comparative evaluation of geotextiles and is not recommended for evaluation of geotextiles and is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since acceptance testing of commercial shipments since information on inter-laboratory precision is incomplete. information on inter-laboratory precision is incomplete.

1818

IS 13162 (PT 3): 1992 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST IS 13162 (PT 3): 1992 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST PART 3: DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PART 3: DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PRESSUREPRESSURE

THIS STANDARDTHIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES TWO METHODS FOR PRESCRIBES TWO METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF THE THICKNESS OF GEO-TEXTILES AT DETERMINATION OF THE THICKNESS OF GEO-TEXTILES AT SPECIFIED PRESSURES AND DEFINES ATSPECIFIED PRESSURES AND DEFINES AT WHICH WHICH PRESSURE THE NOMINAL THICKNESS IS DETERMINED. PRESSURE THE NOMINAL THICKNESS IS DETERMINED. METHOD A ( LOADING EACH SET OF SPECIMENS ) SHALL METHOD A ( LOADING EACH SET OF SPECIMENS ) SHALL BE USED WHEN USING AN APPARATUS THE BE USED WHEN USING AN APPARATUS THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHICH CAUSES A HIGH DEGREE OF CONSTRUCTION OF WHICH CAUSES A HIGH DEGREE OF TIME AND/OR LABOUR WHEN CHANGING THE PRESSURE, TIME AND/OR LABOUR WHEN CHANGING THE PRESSURE, OTHERWISE METHOD B (INCREMENTAL LOADING OF OTHERWISE METHOD B (INCREMENTAL LOADING OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIMENS ) SHALL BE USED.INDIVIDUAL SPECIMENS ) SHALL BE USED. THE METHOD IS THE METHOD IS APPLICABLE TO ALL TYPES OF GEO-TEXTILES.APPLICABLE TO ALL TYPES OF GEO-TEXTILES.

1919

Since the geotextiles are compressible, the Since the geotextiles are compressible, the thickness measure will depend upon the thickness measure will depend upon the pressure applied. For this reason it may be pressure applied. For this reason it may be desirable to measure thickness at a series desirable to measure thickness at a series of pressures and to study the general of pressures and to study the general relationship between thickness and relationship between thickness and pressure. pressure.

2020

IS 13162 (PT 4): 1992 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST IS 13162 (PT 4): 1992 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST PART 4: DETERMINATION OF PUNCTURE RESISTANCE BY PART 4: DETERMINATION OF PUNCTURE RESISTANCE BY FALLING CONE METHOD FALLING CONE METHOD

Geotextiles used as separator and filter in earth Geotextiles used as separator and filter in earth constructions are normally subjected to dynamic constructions are normally subjected to dynamic impact. During the installation process, crushed rock or impact. During the installation process, crushed rock or boulders are dropped onto a fabric boulders are dropped onto a fabric supported by weak, water-saturated soil which may supported by weak, water-saturated soil which may penetrate and thus damage the geotextile. It is, penetrate and thus damage the geotextile. It is, therefore, desirable that the geotextiles should resist therefore, desirable that the geotextiles should resist the sudden impact and penetration of the sudden impact and penetration of such particles. such particles.

2121

THIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES A THIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES A METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE SIZE OF THE HOLESIZE OF THE HOLE MADE BY MADE BY DROPPING A STANDARD BRASS CONE DROPPING A STANDARD BRASS CONE ONTO A GEO-TEXTILE, SUPPORTED BY ONTO A GEO-TEXTILE, SUPPORTED BY WATER, AND TO PROVIDE AN WATER, AND TO PROVIDE AN INDICATION OF THE ABILITY OF THAT INDICATION OF THE ABILITY OF THAT FABRIC TO RESIST A SUDDEN IMPACT. FABRIC TO RESIST A SUDDEN IMPACT.

2222

IS 13162 (PT 5): 1991 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST PART 5: IS 13162 (PT 5): 1991 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST PART 5: DETERMINATION OF TENSILE PROPERTIES USING A WIDE WIDTH DETERMINATION OF TENSILE PROPERTIES USING A WIDE WIDTH STRIP STRIP

THIS STANDARDTHIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES AN INDEX TEST METHOD FOR PRESCRIBES AN INDEX TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF GEO-TEXTILES DETERMINATION OF THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF GEO-TEXTILES AND RELATED PRODUCTS USING A WIDE WIDTH STRIP. THE METHOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS USING A WIDE WIDTH STRIP. THE METHOD IS APPLICABLE TO MOST GEO-TEXTILES INCLUDING WOVEN FABRICS, IS APPLICABLE TO MOST GEO-TEXTILES INCLUDING WOVEN FABRICS, NON-WOVENS, LAYERED FABRICS, KNITTED FABRICS AND FELTS. NON-WOVENS, LAYERED FABRICS, KNITTED FABRICS AND FELTS. THE METHOD IS APPLICABLE TO GEO-GRIDS BUT THE SPECIMEN THE METHOD IS APPLICABLE TO GEO-GRIDS BUT THE SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS MAY NEED TO BE ALTERED. THIS METHOD COVERS THE DIMENSIONS MAY NEED TO BE ALTERED. THIS METHOD COVERS THE MEASUREMENT OF LOAD ELONGATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MEASUREMENT OF LOAD ELONGATION CHARACTERISTICS AND INCLUDES PROCEDURES FOR CALCULATION OF SECANT STIFFNESS, INCLUDES PROCEDURES FOR CALCULATION OF SECANT STIFFNESS, MAXIMUM-LOAD PER UNIT WIDTH, STRAIN AT MAXIMUM LOAD AND MAXIMUM-LOAD PER UNIT WIDTH, STRAIN AT MAXIMUM LOAD AND EQUIVALENT STRAIN AT MAXIMUM LOAD.EQUIVALENT STRAIN AT MAXIMUM LOAD. PROCEDURES FOR PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BOTH CONDITIONED AND MEASURING THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BOTH CONDITIONED AND WET SPECIMENS ARE INCLUDED. THE MEASURING DEVICE CAN BE WET SPECIMENS ARE INCLUDED. THE MEASURING DEVICE CAN BE EITHER MECHANICAL, OPTICAL OR INFRA-RED. EITHER MECHANICAL, OPTICAL OR INFRA-RED.

2323

The basic distinction between this method and The basic distinction between this method and other methods for measuring tensile properties of other methods for measuring tensile properties of fabrics, is the width of the specimen. This width by fabrics, is the width of the specimen. This width by contrast is greater than the length of the contrast is greater than the length of the specimen. Some geotextiles have a tendency to specimen. Some geotextiles have a tendency to contract ( neck down ) under load in the gauge contract ( neck down ) under load in the gauge length area. The width of the specimen specified length area. The width of the specimen specified in this method reduces the contraction effect of in this method reduces the contraction effect of those fabrics and provides a closer relationship to those fabrics and provides a closer relationship to expected fabric behaviour in the field and a expected fabric behaviour in the field and a standard comparision of geotextiles. standard comparision of geotextiles.

2424

IS 14293: 1995 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST FOR IS 14293: 1995 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST FOR TRAPEZOID TEARING STRENGTH TRAPEZOID TEARING STRENGTH

THIS TEST METHOD IS USED TO MEASURE THE TEARING THIS TEST METHOD IS USED TO MEASURE THE TEARING STRENGTH OF WOVEN OR NON-WOVEN GEO-TEXTILES BY THE STRENGTH OF WOVEN OR NON-WOVEN GEO-TEXTILES BY THE TRAPEZOID METHOD.TRAPEZOID METHOD.

THIS TEST METHOD MAY BE USED WITH CONSTANT RATE OF-THIS TEST METHOD MAY BE USED WITH CONSTANT RATE OF-TRAVERSE (CRT) OR CONSTANT-RATE-OF-EXTENSION (CRE) TRAVERSE (CRT) OR CONSTANT-RATE-OF-EXTENSION (CRE) TYPE TENSION MACHINES. HOWEVER, THERE MAY BE NO TYPE TENSION MACHINES. HOWEVER, THERE MAY BE NO OVERALL CORRELATION BETWEEN THE RESULTS OBTAINED OVERALL CORRELATION BETWEEN THE RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THE CRT MACHINE AND THE CRE MACHINE. WITH THE CRT MACHINE AND THE CRE MACHINE. CONSEQUENTLY, THESE TWO TENSION TESTERS CANNOT BE CONSEQUENTLY, THESE TWO TENSION TESTERS CANNOT BE USED INTERCHANGEABLY. IN CASE OF CONTROVERSY, THE USED INTERCHANGEABLY. IN CASE OF CONTROVERSY, THE CRE MACHINE SHALL PREVAIL.CRE MACHINE SHALL PREVAIL.

2525

IS 14294: 1995 GEO-TEXTILES - METHOD IS 14294: 1995 GEO-TEXTILES - METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF APPARENT FOR DETERMINATION OF APPARENT OPENING SIZE BY DRY SIEVING OPENING SIZE BY DRY SIEVING TECHNIQUES TECHNIQUES

THIS INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFIES METHOD THIS INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFIES METHOD TO DETERMINE APPARENT OPENING SIZE TO DETERMINE APPARENT OPENING SIZE (AOS) BY DRY SIEVING TECHNIQUE. THIS (AOS) BY DRY SIEVING TECHNIQUE. THIS METHOD IS SUITABLE FOR AOS 60 MICRONS METHOD IS SUITABLE FOR AOS 60 MICRONS AND ABOVE.AND ABOVE.

2626

IS 14324:1995 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST IS 14324:1995 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF WATER PERMEABILITY-FOR DETERMINATION OF WATER PERMEABILITY-PERMITTIVITY PERMITTIVITY

THIS INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFIES METHODS FOR THIS INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFIES METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE WATER PERMEABILITY OF GEO-DETERMINING THE WATER PERMEABILITY OF GEO-TEXTILES IN TERMS OF PERMITTIVITY UNDER TEXTILES IN TERMS OF PERMITTIVITY UNDER STANDARD TESTING CONDITIONS, IN THE STANDARD TESTING CONDITIONS, IN THE UNCOMPRESSED STATE. THE STANDARD COVERS UNCOMPRESSED STATE. THE STANDARD COVERS TWO PROCEDURES -THE CONSTANT HEAD METHOD TWO PROCEDURES -THE CONSTANT HEAD METHOD AND THE FALLING HEAD METHOD.AND THE FALLING HEAD METHOD.

2727

IS 14706:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - SAMPLING AND IS 14706:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - SAMPLING AND PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN

THIS INDIAN STANDARD PROVIDES GENERAL THIS INDIAN STANDARD PROVIDES GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR SAMPLING OF GEO-PRINCIPLES FOR SAMPLING OF GEO-TEXTILES ANDTEXTILES AND PREPARATION OF TEST PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS FROM THE SAMPLES.SPECIMENS FROM THE SAMPLES. THE THE PRINCIPLES ARE APPLICABLE TO ALL GEO-PRINCIPLES ARE APPLICABLE TO ALL GEO-TEXTILES SUPPLIED IN ROLLS. TEXTILES SUPPLIED IN ROLLS.

2828

IS 14714:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - IS 14714:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - DETERMINATION OF ABRASION RESISTANCE DETERMINATION OF ABRASION RESISTANCE

THIS TEST METHOD COVERS THIS TEST METHOD COVERS DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE OF GEO-DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE OF GEO-TEXTILES TO ABRASION USING AN ABRASION TEXTILES TO ABRASION USING AN ABRASION TESTER. THE TEST METHOD IS APPLICABLE TESTER. THE TEST METHOD IS APPLICABLE TO ALL GEO-TEXTILES AND IS NOT SUITABLE TO ALL GEO-TEXTILES AND IS NOT SUITABLE FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS.FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS.

2929

IS 14715:2000 GEO-TEXTILES - GEO-JUTE FABRICS IS 14715:2000 GEO-TEXTILES - GEO-JUTE FABRICS (JUTE GEO-TEXTILES) WOVEN - SPECIFICATION (JUTE GEO-TEXTILES) WOVEN - SPECIFICATION

THE STANDARD PRESCRIBES CONSTRUCTIONAL THE STANDARD PRESCRIBES CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS AND OTHER DETAILS OF WOVEN JUTE GEO-DETAILS AND OTHER DETAILS OF WOVEN JUTE GEO-TEXTILES. WOVEN JUTE GEO-TEXTILES ARE USED TEXTILES. WOVEN JUTE GEO-TEXTILES ARE USED FOR STABILIZATION OF SOIL THROUGH VEGETATION FOR STABILIZATION OF SOIL THROUGH VEGETATION AGAINST EROSION OF LANDSCAPE AND SOIL AGAINST EROSION OF LANDSCAPE AND SOIL SLOPES AS WELL AS PROTECTION OF RIVER BANK SLOPES AS WELL AS PROTECTION OF RIVER BANK AGAINST EROSION AND SIMILAR APPLICATIONS AGAINST EROSION AND SIMILAR APPLICATIONS INVOLVING SEPARATION AND FILTRATION. THE INVOLVING SEPARATION AND FILTRATION. THE STANDARD IS BASED ON WORK DONE BY INDIAN STANDARD IS BASED ON WORK DONE BY INDIAN JUTE INDUSTRY’S RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, JUTE INDUSTRY’S RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, CALCUTTA IN THIS FIELD.CALCUTTA IN THIS FIELD.

3030

IS 14716:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - IS 14716:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - DETERMINATION OF MASS PER UNIT AREA DETERMINATION OF MASS PER UNIT AREA

THIS STANDARD SPECIFIES A METHOD FOR THIS STANDARD SPECIFIES A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE MASS PER UNIT THE DETERMINATION OF THE MASS PER UNIT AREA OF GEO-TEXTILES FOR IDENTIFICATION AREA OF GEO-TEXTILES FOR IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES AND FOR USE IN TECHNICAL PURPOSES AND FOR USE IN TECHNICAL DATA SHEETS.DATA SHEETS.

3131

IS 14739:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - METHOD IS 14739:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CREEP FOR DETERMINATION OF CREEP

THIS STANDARD DESCRIBES A METHOD THIS STANDARD DESCRIBES A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE LOAD-STRAIN-FOR DETERMINING THE LOAD-STRAIN-TIME RELATIONSHIP OF GEO-TEXTILES TIME RELATIONSHIP OF GEO-TEXTILES AT A GIVEN TEMPERATURE FROM A AT A GIVEN TEMPERATURE FROM A SERIES OF CONSTANT LOAD TESTS.SERIES OF CONSTANT LOAD TESTS.

3232

IS 15060:2001 GEO-TEXTILES - TENSILE TEST FOR JOINTS/SEAMS BY WIDE IS 15060:2001 GEO-TEXTILES - TENSILE TEST FOR JOINTS/SEAMS BY WIDE WIDTH METHOD WIDTH METHOD

THIS STANDARD SPECIFIES AN INDEX TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THIS STANDARD SPECIFIES AN INDEX TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF JOINTS AND SEAMS IN GEO-TEXTILES AND THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF JOINTS AND SEAMS IN GEO-TEXTILES AND RELATED PRODUCTS, USING A WIDE-WIDTH STRIP. THE METHOD IS RELATED PRODUCTS, USING A WIDE-WIDTH STRIP. THE METHOD IS APPLICABLE TO MOST GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS. APPLICABLE TO MOST GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS. IT IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO GEO-GRIDS, BUT THE SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS MAY IT IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO GEO-GRIDS, BUT THE SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS MAY NEED TO BE ALTERED. PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING THE TENSILE NEED TO BE ALTERED. PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BOTH CONDITIONED AND WET SPECIMENS ARE INCLUDED. PROPERTIES OF BOTH CONDITIONED AND WET SPECIMENS ARE INCLUDED. SOME MODIFICATION OF TECHNIQUES MAY BE NECESSARY FOR PARTICULAR SOME MODIFICATION OF TECHNIQUES MAY BE NECESSARY FOR PARTICULAR GEO-TEXTILES, E.G. STRONG GEO-TEXTILES, MESHES OR GEO-TEXTILES MADE GEO-TEXTILES, E.G. STRONG GEO-TEXTILES, MESHES OR GEO-TEXTILES MADE FROM GLASS FIBRE, TO PREVENT THEM FROM SLIPPING IN THE JAWS OR FROM GLASS FIBRE, TO PREVENT THEM FROM SLIPPING IN THE JAWS OR BEING DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF BEING GRIPPED IN THE JAWS. THE BASIC BEING DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF BEING GRIPPED IN THE JAWS. THE BASIC TEST FOR JOINTS OR SEAMS IN ALL KINDS OF GEO-TEXTILES OR RELATED TEST FOR JOINTS OR SEAMS IN ALL KINDS OF GEO-TEXTILES OR RELATED PRODUCTS USES TEST SPECIMENS OF 200 MM WIDTH, WITH THE PROVISION PRODUCTS USES TEST SPECIMENS OF 200 MM WIDTH, WITH THE PROVISION FOR THE SEAM OR JOINT TO EXTEND FOR 25 MM ON EACH SIDE IN ORDER TO FOR THE SEAM OR JOINT TO EXTEND FOR 25 MM ON EACH SIDE IN ORDER TO PROVIDE JOINT OR SEAM STABILITY DURING THE TEST.PROVIDE JOINT OR SEAM STABILITY DURING THE TEST.

3333

PRODUCT STANDARDSPRODUCT STANDARDS

GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR HIGHWAYS – GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR HIGHWAYS – SPECIFICATION (UNDER PRINT)SPECIFICATION (UNDER PRINT)

This standard specifies requirements for This standard specifies requirements for geo-synthetics made from polyolefin or geo-synthetics made from polyolefin or polyester material. polyester material.

3434

GRADES GRADES Geo-synthetic material shall be of following three Geo-synthetic material shall be of following three

grades depending upon the survivability grades depending upon the survivability conditions:conditions:

a) a) Grade IGrade I - For severe or harsh survivability - For severe or harsh survivability conditions where there is a greater potential for conditions where there is a greater potential for geo-textile damage.geo-textile damage.

b) b) Grade IIGrade II - For typical survivability conditions; - For typical survivability conditions; this is the default classification to be used in the this is the default classification to be used in the absence of site specific information. absence of site specific information.

c) c) Grade IIIGrade III - For mild survivability conditions. - For mild survivability conditions.

3535

PVC GEO-MEMBRANES FOR LINING – PVC GEO-MEMBRANES FOR LINING – SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

This standard covers PVC geo-membrane (Flexible poly vinyl chloride) lining, 0.30 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.75 mm, 1.00 mm and 1.50 mm in thickness, for use in canal, pond and reservoir lining to control seepage and for proper disposal of industrial effluents, solid waste management, etc. The material is also suitable for lining of roof/terrace.

3636

Length andLength and Thickness, Thickness, Specific gravity Specific gravity Tensile strengthTensile strength Elongation at break Elongation at break Tear Strength Tear Strength

3737

Puncture resistance,Puncture resistance, Low temperature crack resistance Low temperature crack resistance Hydrostatic resistance Hydrostatic resistance Seam strength Seam strength Volatile loss Peel strength Resistance to soil burial Resistance to soil burial Stability to UV radiationsStability to UV radiations

3838

TEXTILES — OPEN WEAVE COIR TEXTILES — OPEN WEAVE COIR BHOOVASTRABHOOVASTRA— SPECIFICATION— SPECIFICATION

This standard prescribes constructional details This standard prescribes constructional details and other requirements of open weave coir and other requirements of open weave coir bhoovastra (CBV) of three different grades bhoovastra (CBV) of three different grades used in prevention of erosion of soil and used in prevention of erosion of soil and reinforcement of paved and unpaved roads.reinforcement of paved and unpaved roads.

3939

GRADES GRADES The open weave CBV shall have the The open weave CBV shall have the

following grades based on the mass: following grades based on the mass: a) Grade I having mass of 400 g/m2,a) Grade I having mass of 400 g/m2, b) Grade II having mass of 700 g/m2, andb) Grade II having mass of 700 g/m2, and c) Grade III having mass of 900 g/m2.c) Grade III having mass of 900 g/m2.

4040

Requirements covered are:Requirements covered are: Mass per unit area, Mass per unit area, Width, Width, Length, Length, Thickness at 20 kPa, Thickness at 20 kPa, Break load, Break load, Trapezoidal tearing strength, Mesh size, Trapezoidal tearing strength, Mesh size,

4141

IN ADDITION TO ABOVE PUBLISHED STANDARDS, CERTAIN SUBJECTS IN ADDITION TO ABOVE PUBLISHED STANDARDS, CERTAIN SUBJECTS FOR STANDARDIZATION ARE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF FOR STANDARDIZATION ARE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF FORMULATION:FORMULATION:

-GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR FUNCTIONAL AND -GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR FUNCTIONAL AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS APPLICATION SYSTEMS

-IDENTIFICATION, STORAGE AND HANDLING OF GEO-SYNTHETICS -IDENTIFICATION, STORAGE AND HANDLING OF GEO-SYNTHETICS

-COIR GEO-TEXTILES FOR EROSION CONTROL ALONG ROAD, -COIR GEO-TEXTILES FOR EROSION CONTROL ALONG ROAD, RAILWAY EMBANKMENT AND HILL RAILWAY EMBANKMENT AND HILL SLOPESSLOPES

- - Woven jute Goetextiles Woven jute Goetextiles

-CODE OF PRACTICE FOR REINFORCED SOIL STRUCTURES USING -CODE OF PRACTICE FOR REINFORCED SOIL STRUCTURES USING GEO-SYNTHETICS MATERIALS FOR ALL APPLICATIONSGEO-SYNTHETICS MATERIALS FOR ALL APPLICATIONS

4242

INTERNATIONAL SCENARIOINTERNATIONAL SCENARIO

4343

AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL, STANDARDS AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL, STANDARDS FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS ARE FORMULATED BY FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS ARE FORMULATED BY THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE GEO-THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE GEO-SYNTHETICS ISO/TC 221 OF THE SYNTHETICS ISO/TC 221 OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO).STANDARDIZATION (ISO).

4444

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS (ISO)(ISO)

4545

ISO 9863-1:2005ISO 9863-1:2005GEO-SYNTHETICS -- DETERMINATION OF GEO-SYNTHETICS -- DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PRESSURES -- PART 1: SINGLE THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PRESSURES -- PART 1: SINGLE LAYERSLAYERS

ISO 9863-2:1996ISO 9863-2:1996GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PRODUCTS -- DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PRESSURES -- PART 2: PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF PRESSURES -- PART 2: PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS OF SINGLE LAYERS OF MULTILAYER PRODUCTSTHICKNESS OF SINGLE LAYERS OF MULTILAYER PRODUCTS

ISO 9864:2005ISO 9864:2005GEO-SYNTHETICS -- TEST METHOD FOR THE GEO-SYNTHETICS -- TEST METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MASS PER UNIT AREA OF GEO-TEXTILES DETERMINATION OF MASS PER UNIT AREA OF GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTSAND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS

ISO 10318:2005ISO 10318:2005GEO-SYNTHETICS -- TERMS AND DEFINITIONSGEO-SYNTHETICS -- TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

4646

ISO 10319:1993ISO 10319:1993GEO-TEXTILES -- WIDE-WIDTH TENSILE TESTGEO-TEXTILES -- WIDE-WIDTH TENSILE TEST

ISO 10320:1999ISO 10320:1999GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- IDENTIFICATION ON SITE-- IDENTIFICATION ON SITE

ISO 10321:1992ISO 10321:1992GEO-TEXTILES -- TENSILE TEST FOR JOINTS/SEAMS BY GEO-TEXTILES -- TENSILE TEST FOR JOINTS/SEAMS BY WIDE-WIDTH METHODWIDE-WIDTH METHOD

IISO/TR 10722-1:1998SO/TR 10722-1:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- PROCEDURE FOR SIMULATING DAMAGE DURING PRODUCTS -- PROCEDURE FOR SIMULATING DAMAGE DURING INSTALLATION -- PART 1: INSTALLATION IN GRANULAR MATERIALSINSTALLATION -- PART 1: INSTALLATION IN GRANULAR MATERIALS

ISO 11058:1999ISO 11058:1999GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- DETERMINATION OF WATER PERMEABILITY CHARACTERISTICS -- DETERMINATION OF WATER PERMEABILITY CHARACTERISTICS NORMAL TO THE PLANE, WITHOUT LOADNORMAL TO THE PLANE, WITHOUT LOAD

4747

ISO/TR 12960:1998ISO/TR 12960:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- SCREENING TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE TO LIQUIDSSCREENING TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE TO LIQUIDS

ISO 13426-1:2003ISO 13426-1:2003GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- STRENGTH OF INTERNAL STRUCTURAL JUNCTIONS -- PART 1: GEO-CELLSSTRENGTH OF INTERNAL STRUCTURAL JUNCTIONS -- PART 1: GEO-CELLS

ISO 13426-2:2005ISO 13426-2:2005GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- STRENGTH OF INTERNAL STRUCTURAL JUNCTIONS -- PART 2: GEO-STRENGTH OF INTERNAL STRUCTURAL JUNCTIONS -- PART 2: GEO-COMPOSITESCOMPOSITES

ISO 13427:1998ISO 13427:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- ABRASION DAMAGE SIMULATION (SLIDING BLOCK TEST)ABRASION DAMAGE SIMULATION (SLIDING BLOCK TEST)

ISO 13428:2005GEO-SYNTHETICS -- DETERMINATION OF THE PROTECTION ISO 13428:2005GEO-SYNTHETICS -- DETERMINATION OF THE PROTECTION EFFICIENCY OF A GEO-SYNTHETIC AGAINST IMPACT DAMAGEEFFICIENCY OF A GEO-SYNTHETIC AGAINST IMPACT DAMAGE

4848

ISO 13431:1999GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS ISO 13431:1999GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- DETERMINATION OF TENSILE CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE -- DETERMINATION OF TENSILE CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE BEHAVIOURBEHAVIOUR

ISO 13433:2006GEO-SYNTHETICS -- DYNAMIC PERFORATION TEST ISO 13433:2006GEO-SYNTHETICS -- DYNAMIC PERFORATION TEST (CONE DROP TEST)(CONE DROP TEST)

ISO/TR 13434:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED ISO/TR 13434:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- GUIDELINES ON DURABILITYPRODUCTS -- GUIDELINES ON DURABILITY

ISO 13437:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS ISO 13437:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- METHOD FOR INSTALLING AND EXTRACTING SAMPLES IN SOIL, AND -- METHOD FOR INSTALLING AND EXTRACTING SAMPLES IN SOIL, AND TESTING SPECIMENS IN LABORATORYTESTING SPECIMENS IN LABORATORY

ISO 13438:2004GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS ISO 13438:2004GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -- SCREENING TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE TO -- SCREENING TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE TO OXIDATIONOXIDATION

4949

ASTM STANDARDSASTM STANDARDS

5050

Sr.NoSr.No..

TEST PARAMETERSTEST PARAMETERS ASTMASTM

11 Apparent Opening SizeApparent Opening Size D 4751D 4751

22 Mass per unit areaMass per unit area D 5261D 5261

33 CBR Puncture ResistanceCBR Puncture Resistance D 6241D 6241

44 Index Puncture ResistanceIndex Puncture Resistance D 4833D 4833

55 Grab breaking load & elongationGrab breaking load & elongation D 4632D 4632

66 Trapezoid Tearing StrengthTrapezoid Tearing Strength D 4533D 4533

77 Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by

the Wide-Width Strip Method the Wide-Width Strip Method

D 4595D 4595

88 Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics D 5199D 5199

99 Water Permeability by Permittivity Water Permeability by Permittivity D 4491D 4491

1010 Hydraulic Transmissivity of aHydraulic Transmissivity of aGeosynthetic Using a Constant Head Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head

D 4716D 4716

5151

Sr.No.Sr.No. TEST PARAMETERSTEST PARAMETERS ASTMASTM

1111 Dynamic peroration by Cone DropDynamic peroration by Cone Drop

1212 Biological Clogging of GeotextilesBiological Clogging of Geotextiles D 1987D 1987

1313 Bursting Strength-HydraulicBursting Strength-Hydraulic D 3886D 3886

1414 ,, ,, - Ball,, ,, - Ball D 3887D 3887

1515 Tensile Properties ofTensile Properties of Geogrids byGeogrids by

the Single or Multi-RibTensile Methodthe Single or Multi-RibTensile Method

D 6637D 6637

1616 Strength of Sewn or ThermallyStrength of Sewn or Thermally

Bonded Seams of Bonded Seams of GeotextilesGeotextilesD 4884D 4884

1717 Deterioration of Geotextile by Deterioration of Geotextile by Exposure to Light, Moisture & HeatExposure to Light, Moisture & Heat

D 4355D 4355

1818 Microbiological degradationMicrobiological degradation

5252

Sr.NoSr.No..

TEST PARAMETERSTEST PARAMETERS ASTMASTM

1919 Interface Friction between Soil & Interface Friction between Soil & Geotextile by Direct Shear MethodGeotextile by Direct Shear Method

D 5321D 5321

2020 Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of

Geocomposites Geocomposites

D 7005D 7005

2121 Oxidative Induction Time ofOxidative Induction Time of

Polyolefin Geosynthetics by HighPolyolefin Geosynthetics by High

Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry

D 5885D 5885

2222 Effect of Temperature on stability Effect of Temperature on stability

of Geotextileof Geotextile

D 4594D 4594

2323 Permittivity of Geotextiles Under Load Permittivity of Geotextiles Under Load D 5493D 5493

2424 Ply Adhesion Strength of Reinforced Ply Adhesion Strength of Reinforced

Geomembranes Geomembranes

D 6636D 6636

5353

Sr.NSr.Noo

TEST PARAMETERSTEST PARAMETERS ASTMASTM

2525 Filtering Efficiency and Flow Rate of a Geotextile for Silt Filtering Efficiency and Flow Rate of a Geotextile for Silt Fence Application Using Site-Specific Soil Fence Application Using Site-Specific Soil

D 5141D 5141

2626 Pyramid Puncture Resistance ofPyramid Puncture Resistance ofUnprotected and Protected Geomembranes Unprotected and Protected Geomembranes

D 5494D 5494

2727 Soil-Geotextile System Clogging Potential by the Soil-Geotextile System Clogging Potential by the Gradient Ratio Gradient Ratio

D 5101D 5101

2828 Determination of tensile creep and creep rupture Determination of tensile creep and creep rupture

behaviourbehaviour D 5262D 5262

2929 Determining the resistance to OxidationDetermining the resistance to Oxidation 3030 Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics / Geotextile to Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics / Geotextile to

LiquidsLiquids D 5322D 5322D 6389D 6389

3131 Strip Tensile Properties of Reinforced GeomembranesStrip Tensile Properties of Reinforced Geomembranes D 7003D 7003

5454

Sr.NSr.No.o.

TEST PARAMETERSTEST PARAMETERS ASTMASTM

3232 Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin GeosyntheticsCarbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics D 5596D 5596

3333 Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial FlowRadial Flow

D 6574D 6574

3434 Pore Size Characteristics of Geotextiles by Pore Size Characteristics of Geotextiles by Capillary Flow TestCapillary Flow Test

D 6767D 6767

3535 Grab Tensile Properties of Reinforced Grab Tensile Properties of Reinforced GeomembranesGeomembranes

D 7004D 7004

3636 Determining Geonet Breaking ForceDetermining Geonet Breaking Force D 7179D 7179

3737 Abrasion Resistance of GeotextilesAbrasion Resistance of Geotextiles(Sand Paper/Sliding Block Method) (Sand Paper/Sliding Block Method) D 4886D 4886

5555

OTHER ORGANIZATIONS AT OTHER ORGANIZATIONS AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

1.1. INTERNATIONAL GEO-SYNTHETICS SOCIETY (IGS):INTERNATIONAL GEO-SYNTHETICS SOCIETY (IGS): IGS BRINGS IGS BRINGS TOGETHER INDIVIDUALTOGETHER INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS FROM ALL OVER AND CORPORATE MEMBERS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD, WHO ARE INVOLVED IN THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, THE WORLD, WHO ARE INVOLVED IN THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, SALE, USE OR TESTING OF GEO-TEXTILES, GEO-MEMBRANES, SALE, USE OR TESTING OF GEO-TEXTILES, GEO-MEMBRANES, RELATED PRODUCTS AND/OR ASSOCIATED TECHNOLOGIES. RELATED PRODUCTS AND/OR ASSOCIATED TECHNOLOGIES.

2. INDUSTRIAL FABRICS ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL (IFAI):2. INDUSTRIAL FABRICS ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL (IFAI): IFAI IS IFAI IS ACTIVE INACTIVE IN COLLECTING, RESEARCHING AND DISSEMINATING COLLECTING, RESEARCHING AND DISSEMINATING INFORMATION ON GEO-SYNTHETICS AND SPONSORING MAJOR INFORMATION ON GEO-SYNTHETICS AND SPONSORING MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES.NORTH AMERICAN AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES.

3. GEO-SYNTHETICA3. GEO-SYNTHETICA: GEO-SYNTHETICA IS A COMMERCIAL : GEO-SYNTHETICA IS A COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES SERVICES TO THE INDUSTRY. THIS ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES SERVICES TO THE INDUSTRY. THIS PROVIDES TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO CLIENTS INCLUDING PROVIDES TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO CLIENTS INCLUDING SPECIFICATIONS, STANDARDS, TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS, CALENDAR SPECIFICATIONS, STANDARDS, TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS, CALENDAR OF EVENTS AND EXHIBITIONS, DIRECTORY AND RESIN PRICING. OF EVENTS AND EXHIBITIONS, DIRECTORY AND RESIN PRICING.

5656

4. INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION (IECA):4. INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION (IECA): IECA IS A NON-PROFITIECA IS A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES RESOURCE INFORMATION FOR PROFESSIONALS INRESOURCE INFORMATION FOR PROFESSIONALS IN THE THE EROSION ANDEROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL INDUSTRY.SEDIMENT CONTROL INDUSTRY.

5. ASTM INTERNATIONAL:5. ASTM INTERNATIONAL: ASTM INTERNATIONAL, FORMERLY ASTM INTERNATIONAL, FORMERLY KNOWN AS AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS KNOWN AS AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS IS AN ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES A GLOBAL FORUM FOR IS AN ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES A GLOBAL FORUM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLICATION OF VOLUNTARY THE DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLICATION OF VOLUNTARY CONSENSUS STANDARDS FOR MATERIALS, PRODUCTS AND CONSENSUS STANDARDS FOR MATERIALS, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. SERVICES.

6. 6. EUROPEANEUROPEAN CENTER FOR STANDARDIZATION (CEN).CENTER FOR STANDARDIZATION (CEN).

5757

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

BIS HAS THUS BROUGHT OUT A NUMBER OF STANDARDS BIS HAS THUS BROUGHT OUT A NUMBER OF STANDARDS ON GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE TESTING & ON GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE TESTING & RESEARCH LABORATORIES, SPECIFIC END USERS, RESEARCH LABORATORIES, SPECIFIC END USERS, MANUFACTURERS AND TECHNOLOGISTS. MANUFACTURERS AND TECHNOLOGISTS.

APART FROM THESE, BIS HAS PUBLISHED MANY OTHER APART FROM THESE, BIS HAS PUBLISHED MANY OTHER STANDARDS WHICH ARE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY STANDARDS WHICH ARE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY RELATED TO THE ASPECTS OF DESIGN AND RELATED TO THE ASPECTS OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION IN GEO-TECHNICAL ENGINEERING. ALL CONSTRUCTION IN GEO-TECHNICAL ENGINEERING. ALL THESE STANDARDS PUT TOGETHER PROVIDE ENORMOUS THESE STANDARDS PUT TOGETHER PROVIDE ENORMOUS HELP TO THE DESIGNERS AND THE FIELD ENGINEERS TO HELP TO THE DESIGNERS AND THE FIELD ENGINEERS TO UTILIZE THE STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES AND STATE OF UTILIZE THE STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES AND STATE OF THE ART KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE IN THEIR THE ART KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE IN THEIR RESPECTIVE FIELD.RESPECTIVE FIELD.

5858

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION(Contd…)(Contd…)

THE END USERS AND SPECIFIERS ON GEO-THE END USERS AND SPECIFIERS ON GEO-SYNTHETICS IN THE COUNTRY MUST BE AWARE OF SYNTHETICS IN THE COUNTRY MUST BE AWARE OF SIGNIFICANCE OF TECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND THEIR APPROPRIATE EVALUATION PROCEDURES. THEIR APPROPRIATE EVALUATION PROCEDURES. ADOPTION OF APPROPRIATE GEO-SYNTHETIC ADOPTION OF APPROPRIATE GEO-SYNTHETIC SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES ARE OF SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES ARE OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO ACHIEVE SUCCESSFUL VITAL IMPORTANCE TO ACHIEVE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION AND LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE IMPLEMENTATION AND LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF THE STRUCTURES. OF THE STRUCTURES.

5959

THANKTHANK YOUYOU

6060

FOR FURTHER QUERIES PLEASE CONTACT:FOR FURTHER QUERIES PLEASE CONTACT:

ANIL KUMARANIL KUMARDIRECTOR (TEXTILES)DIRECTOR (TEXTILES)BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSBUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARGNEW DELHI 110002NEW DELHI 110002

EMAIL : anil1375@gmail.comEMAIL : anil1375@gmail.comPHONE : 011 - 23231282PHONE : 011 - 23231282