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Solids, Liquids & Gases

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CAN YOU SEE?

macroscopic microscopic

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CAN YOU SEE?

macroscopic microscopic

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Scientific Model

= solid

to represent the real thing

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Scientific Model

to represent the real thing

= water molecule

=

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Scientific Model

to represent the real thing

= sodium atom

=

The Particulate Model of Matter

Liquid Solid Gas

These particles, they move!

Particulate Model of Matter

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Kinetic Particle Theory

ALL matter is made of

moving molecules

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Kinetic Particle Theory

Matter is made up of small particles which are in constant

and random motion.

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Diffusion

Diffusion is a process by which particles of matter move from

a region of higher concentration to a region of

lower concentration.

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Diffusion

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Diffusion

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Factors affecting Diffusion#1: Temperature

The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move, the faster the rate of diffusion

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Factors affecting Diffusion#2: Mass of particles

The smaller the mass, the faster the particles diffuse

*How to calculate relative molecular mass?

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Kinetic Model of Matter

=

Gas= flowing water molecule

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Kinetic Model of Matter

=

Liquid= flowing water molecule

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Kinetic Model of Matter

=

Solid= vibrating water molecule

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Hold on a second!

19YES !!!

Are you telling me that

ICE CUBES are actually vibrating ?

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macroscopic

Can you see ice cubes vibrate when they are becoming flowing water ?

NO

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macroscopic microscopic

vibrating

flowing

But are ice cubes actually vibrating when they are becoming flowing water ?

YES

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During melting,

ice cubes are vibrating

to break the attractive force

that holds water molecules together

to become flowing water.

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Kinetic Model of Matter

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Whois

HOT???

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100 °C

0 °C

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Higher Temperature

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Kinetic Model of Matter

? Kinetic Energy ?

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Kinetic Model of Matter

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Kinetic Model of Matter

? Motion ?

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Kinetic Model of Matter

VibrateFlowat fixed position

Slow Fast

all over the place

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Kinetic Model of Matter

? Attractive Force ?

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Kinetic Model of Matter

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Kinetic Model of Matter

? Shape ?

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Kinetic Model of Matter

Fixed Changingwith the shape of container

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Kinetic Model of Matter

? Distance between Molecules ?

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Kinetic Model of Matter

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Kinetic Model of Matter

? Can be Compressed ?

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Kinetic Model of Matter

NO NOYES!

? Can be Compressed ?

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Pressure

Speed of molecular motion

Distance between molecules

Possible misconceptions

Substances are coloured.

BUT are particles of matter coloured

too?

Possible misconceptionsSubstances can feel hot or cold.

BUT are the particles hot or cold too?

Possible misconceptionsSubstances expand

when heated.

Do the particles grow in size?

A graph of temperature against time to represent the heating of ice

Initial Temp

100(b.p.)

Temperature (oC)

Time (min)

Heating curve of ICE

0(m.p.)

AA

BB CC

DD EE

FF

SOLIDSOLID

SOLID + LIQUIDSOLID + LIQUID

LIQUIDLIQUID

LIQUID + GASLIQUID + GAS

GASGAS

MELTING processMELTING processBOILING processBOILING process