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SHAPE

Property 7 SHAPE

Axi symmetric Fully 3DPlane

1

2

Curved pianoto reach

Grass armchairto grow

Property 7 SHAPE

Coiled garden hoseto reach

Cuved handleto grip

Curved bladesfor fuel efficiency

Designer toilet freshenerto appear

Curved shelvingto increase surface area

3Property 7 SHAPE

Chewing gum containerto fit (in cup holder)

Car copied from natureto glide

Cold corner rice bagto cool

Self supporting stairsto stabilizeNested bowls

to store Line egg to cut

Curved nail fileto glide

Funny shaped medicine gadget

for pleasant medication

4Property 7 SHAPE

Curved BBQ skewersto fit

Curved hookto hang

Suntan lotion braceletto carry

Curved wine thermometerto measure

Paperclipto grip

Spiral forkto grip

Aerodynamic helmetto glide

Tree coat hangerto copy

Eye ball shaped camerato see

5

improve aesthetic appearance

improve flow distribution

increase efficiency of useful effect

increase hydraulic diameter

make current shape linear

reduce operating range

improve strength or weight properties

add a new function or integrate another function

create the impression of reduced size

reduce user effort

increase motion possibilities

improve manoeuvrability

improve structural strength

improve ergonomics

reduce size of a system

improve interaction control

reduce space requirement

improve ability to see object

make it easier to carry

improve fuel economy

make stretchable

make it easy to handle

change object shape

increase system feedback

create optical illusionShape

BENEFITS of SHAPE

Product• Curved hair-brush • Spiral gear (Nautilus)

produces continuous resistance for weight lifting

• Ball point and roller point pens for smooth ink distribution

• Pizza-box with ribbed (as opposed to flat) base

• Spiral staircase uses less floor area

• Black keys higher than white keys on a piano to facilitate ease of location when playing

• Paper clip works by being deflected out of plane

• Electronic chips on both sides of a printed circuit board

Process•Rotary actuators in hydraulic system •Screw-top versus push-in bottle stopper •Screw-thread versus nail •Use arches and domes for strength inarchitecture •Introduce fillet radii between surfaces at different angles •Introduce stress relieving holes at the ends of slots •Use spherical casters instead of cylindrical wheels to move furniture •Push/pull versus rotary switches (e.g. lighting dimmer switch) •Centrifugal casting for even wall thickness structures •Spin components after painting to remove excess paint •Replace wringing clothes to remove water with spinning clothes in a washing machine •Separate chemicals with different density properties using a centrifuge •Serrated or scalloped edges on a knife blade or hole punch •Application of fade or draw to the affect the trajectory of a golf ball •Paper edges clipped or made bigger in order to facilitate ease of location of entries in an address book, or for file dividers

6Property 7 SHAPE

Shape

Product• Pringles - aesthetically pleasing

potato chips• Licorice spirals - compacts a long

length of licorice into a small package

• Pasta spirals - increase surface area and therefore sauce retaining area

• Candy floss.• Articulated drinking straw• Spaghetti twists• Profiled bottom microwave

container (e.g. shallower in the middle) improves ability to heat product evenly

• Corrugated lasagne sheets• Crinkle-cut potato chips

Process• ‘Stirred not shaken’• Cook using spit- i.e. kebabs.• Insert ball into canned cream to

improve mixing when shaking• Use spiralled bread sticks- better retention of

dip.• Lettuce spinner - uses centrifugal forces to

dry leaves after washing• Eat spaghetti by wrapping it around a fork• Rotating ice-cream cone holder (US patent!)• Manipulation of air-flows to improve cooking

yields.• Stacking tins, Double/triple layer sandwiches• Stack products horizontally to prevent

damage - e.g. After Eight mints• Layered salads- gives the consumer the mix

or keep separate.

7Property 7 SHAPE

Shape

Opaque construction Partially transparent Transparent

8

TRANSPARENCY

Property 8 TRANSPARENCY8

9

Transparent canto inspect

Transparent concrete to appear

Property 8 TRANSPARENCY

Transparent vacuum containerto inspect

Transparent shower headto inspectTransparent chair

to hide

Transparent bagto inspect

Transparent pool tableto track

10Property 8 TRANSPARENCY

Transparent kayak to inspect

Transparent umbrellato identify

Transparent toasterto detect

Transparent beerto appear

Figurative transparency:Textured cartonto see contents

Transparent roofto illuminate

11Property 8 TRANSPARENCY

Transparent bracesto appear

SPF umbrellato filter

IKEA: transparent facts and figures

VW Phaeton glass factoryto observce

Transparent blister patchto hide

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Increase use of colour

Reduce fatigue effect

Add new function

Add ability to make simple measurement

Improve ability to see object

Improve aesthetic appearance

Increase figurative use

Increase natural illumination

Increase privacy

Make it easier to inspect

Reduce energy usage

Improve ability to see object

improve UV blocking

add more visual or conceptual contrastmake appearance more natural

make it easier to inspect

have a broader operating range

improve detection

create an image of openness and honesty

Transparency

BENEFITS of TRANSPARENCY

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Products• Smoke-screen• Building facades • Automobile transparencies • See-through packaging • Viewing windows in ovens • Fire-glass • Cassette tapes • iMac • Glass-bottomed boat

Property 8 TRANSPARENCY

Process• Light-sensitive glass • Use photolithography to changetransparent material to a solid mask for semiconductor processing • Clear packaging enables user to see contents• In order to improve observability of things that are difficult to see, use coloured additives or luminescent elements• Fluorescent safety markings help guide people out of a building after power failure • Use opposing colours to increase visibility - e.g. butchers use green decoration to make the red in meat look redder.• Selective colouring system??? E.g. only colour rat faeces or other foreign bodies??? • Change the emissivity properties of an object subject to radiant heating• Use emissivity of container to better control heating profile/rate• Variable opacity (electro-chromic) glazing systems

Transparency

1. introduction | 2. value | 3. resources | 4. nine windows | 5. analogy | 6. patents | 7. properties | 8.conflicts | 9. product dna | 10. appendix

14

COLOUR

Property 9 COLOUR

No use of colour Binary use of colour Full spectrum use of colour

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Colour changing Handleto indicate

Temperature indication to appear

Property 9 COLOUR

Colour changing radiatorto warn

Colored bubblesto appearColour changing t-shirt

to appear

Microsoft's multicolourbar codeto detect

Colour changing mugto appeal

16Property 9 COLOUR

Safety baby bottle to protectColour changing speedometer

to warn

Food Face plate to appearCamouflaged satellite dish

to hide

Colour changing faucetto warn

Mug with colour codesto mix

17Property 9 COLOUR

Blue coloured diet sunglasses to

repel

Colour coded pill boxto inform

Cigarette changes to black to warn

Colourful bandagesto appear

UV tattooto appear

Adhesives for joints glow to inspect

Colour X-raysto diagnose

BENEFITS of USE OF COLOUR

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No use of colour

Binary use of colour

Full spectrum use of colour

Improve aesthetic appearance

Add a warning indicator

Add ability to change colour automatically

Improve ability to see object

Improve radiation heat management

Incorporate identification marks or change indicators

Increase user feedback

Add ability to change colour automatically

Add new function by using available resources

Create the ability for more customization

Eliminate interference with human interfaces

Improve ability to see object

Improve detectionIncrease security level

Make it difficult to replicate or copy

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Colour

Process•Use safe lights in a photographic darkroom •Use colour-changing thermal paint to measure temperature •Thermochromic plastic spoon •Electrochromic glass •Light-sensitive glasses •Camouflage •Temperature-sensitive dyes used on food product labels to indicate when desired serving temperature has been achieved •Dazzle camouflage used on World War 1 ships •Employ interference fringes on surface structures to change colour (as in butterfly wings, etc) Fluorescent additives used during UV spectroscopy •UV marker pens used to help identify stolen goods •Use opposing colours to increase visibility - e.g. butchers use green decoration to make the red in meat look redder •Use of black and white coloured panels to assist thermal management on space vehicles •Use of parabolic reflectors in solar panels to increase energy capture •Paint object with high emissivity paint in order to be able to measure it’s temperature with a calibrated thermal imager •Thermo-chromic product labelling - informs user when correct serving temperature has been attained•Packaging that changes colour when the products shelf-life has expired??•Clear packaging enables user to see contents•In order to improve observability of things that are difficult to see, use coloured additives or luminescent elements•Fluorescent safety markings help guide people out of a building after power failure•Change the emissivity properties of an object subject to radiant heating•Use emissivity of container to better control heating profile/rate

Property 9 COLOUR