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Service Computing
Dr. Yuhong YanJan, 2008
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Unit objectives• The overview of this domain
– The coverage of service computing– Sample Web services– Some real world projects– A list of research topics
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The Vision of Service Computing
Science & Engineering
Business Administration
and Management
Social Sciences
Global Economy& Markets
BusinessInnovation
TechnologyInnovation
Social-OrganizationalInnovation
DemandInnovation
SSME = Service Sciences, Management, and Engineering
From IBM Almaden Service Research© Copyright IBM Corporation 2006, 2007. All rights reserved.
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Technology Innovation Related Services in Business
• Common business services– Customer Relationship Management (CRM)– Supply Chain management (SCM)– Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)– Human Capital management (HCM)
• Common IT Services– Monitoring– Remote control– Web hosting– Communication– Data storage and management
From L-J Zhang, Jia Zhang and Hong Cai,”Service Computing” p15.
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Service Computing Covers
• IT Services– Application integration– Infrastructure services
• service level automation and orchestration• Resource management and virtualization
– Autonomous system management • For business services
– Service-oriented business consulting methodology– Business process modeling– Business transformation– Business performance management– Industry solution patterns
From L-J Zhang, Jia Zhang and Hong Cai,”Service Computing” p18.
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Software as Services
• From an installed product to a hosted services– CRM, HR, BI are significant sectors– Supply chain and ERP are coming
• Pay on a subscription or per use basis using a Web browser
• Hybrid type: “deployed” software with a S-as-a-S component
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Services as Software
• Software that catches knowledge and experiences– Consulting – Online education– Workflow processes– Enterprise performance management
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Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• The OASIS SOA Reference Model group definesService Oriented Architecture is a paradigm for
organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains. It provides a uniform means to offer, discover, interact with and use capabilities to produce desired effects consistent with measurable preconditions and expectations.
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Web Services
• W3C Web Services Architecture:“A Web service is a software system designed to
support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine-processable format.”
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Web Services vs. SOA
• Two opinions:
– SOA typically refers to Web Services –W3C• Web service reference architecture is on the foundation of
SOAP and WSDL
– SOA is not the same as Web Services• Web services are an instantiation of SOA with SOAP and WSDL• SOA is a concept not bound to any specific technology
• What people agree
– The roles and operations in the SOA/WS triangle– The principles of SOA/WS– There are many ways to implement messaging and
service description language, but ought to use internet protocols
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SOA/Web Service triangle
From “Web Services Architecture W3C Working Draft”http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-ws-arch-20021114/
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SOA/WS Principles
• Service encapsulation • Service interoperability• Service abstraction - Beyond what is described in the service contract,
services hide logic from the outside world • Service loose coupling - Services maintain a relationship that minimizes
dependencies and only requires that they maintain an awareness of each other • Service contract - Services adhere to a communications agreement, as defined
collectively by one or more service description documents • Service reusability - Logic is divided into services with the intention of
promoting reuse • Service composability - Collections of services can be coordinated and
assembled to form composite services • Service autonomy – Services have control over the logic they encapsulate • Service statelessness – Services minimize retaining information specific to an
activity • Service discoverability – Services are designed to be outwardly descriptive so
that they can be found and assessed via available discovery mechanism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture
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Openess
• Open standards• Open sources• Open Architecture (SOA)
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Web Service Stack
Discovery UDDI
Transport HTTP, SMTP, FTP, BEEP
Description WSDL
XML messaging XML-RPC, SOAP, XML
Process BPEL4WS, WSCI, WS-CDL
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SOA at various business and IT levels
From L-J Zhang, Jia Zhang and Hong Cai,”Service Computing” p30.
Business ComponentizationBusiness Componentization
Process OptimizationProcess Optimization
SOA infrastructureSOA infrastructure
SOA at business level
SOA at process level
SOA at programming level
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Tight Coupling
• Data and functionality typically resides on more than one system (and application)
• Applications need to be able to “talk to each other”• Status quo: Proprietary or custom communication
interfaces between applications
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Problems with tight coupling
• There is nothing inherently wrong with tight coupling. However:– It’s costly to maintain– Slow and costly to change– Cost and complexity compounded by multi-party scenarios such as
B2B or integration with the public sector– Cost and complexity of managing and changing a tightly coupled
architecture translates into IT being a drag on business agility (IT can’t keep up with business needs, but it’s not their fault)
• Recognized for many years as a challenge the industry wanted to solve• Many previous attempts to create an SOA
– CORBA– COM– EAI
• Reasons they did not work– Lack of open standards– Proprietary components
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SOA: the Ideal of Open Interoperability
• An IT architecture composed of software that has been exposed as “Services” – i.e. invoked on demand using a standard communication protocol.
• “Web Services” – software available as a “service” using Internet protocols.
• One software application talking to another using a standards-based (i.e. non-proprietary) language over a standards-based communication protocol.
• Universal “Dial Tone” between software applications• An IT architecture that enables “loose coupling” of
applications
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Some Sample Web Services
• Xmethods.com• Google.com• Amazon.com• Ebay.com
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www.xmethods.com
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www.google.com/apis/
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Google APIs
• Google uses SOAP and WSDL standards• Program to query more than 4 billion web pages• Use your preferred languages: java, Perl, .net• What you can do:
– Refine google search results• Based on queries within a community• Integrate results from different languages
– Automatic information collection• Observe new items for one topic• Search on several catalogs
– Integrate with other functions• Translation• Spell checking
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http://www.amazon.com/gp/browse.html/002-6147104-8548829?node=3435361
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www.amazon.com
• Functions:– Search– Shopping cart– Payment
• Do business around amazon.• Commerce Web services
– IT services– Web hosting
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Some real world projects
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Online Interactive Science and Engineering Experiment System (OISEE)
• Service Oriented Architecture for online experiment system
• Wrap instruments as Web services based on VISA and IVI interface
• Performance issues• Grid services vs. Web services
Collaborate with UQAM in Montreal
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Wrap IVI and VISA Instruments as Web Services
Instr. A Instr. B Instr. C
VISA / VISA COM
IVI COM
NI 488.2 NI VXI Others….
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Serialize Instrument Panel
<xml>
<….>
</xml>
<xsd>
<….>
</xsd>
API Java
validates
uses
generates
XSD file (DMM_GUI.xsd)XML file (DMM_AGILENT_34401A_GUI.xml)
JAXB Java architecture for XML Binding
From IVI specifications (Interchangeable Virtual Instrument)
Java Servlet
GUIBuilder JPanel <table …>JButton <input type=“button” …>
JCheckBox <input type=“checkbox” …> JTextPane <input type=“text” …> JComboBox <select …><option>…
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Web 2.0 Techniques for Data Exchange and Real Time Signal Display
Lutz TautenhahnJS Diagram Builder library
+JS DOM Script
AJAX engine
Servlet
JSON
XML
Web Interface
InstrumentWeb Service
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Canarie Proposal: Scientific Studio Remote Experiments with Synchrotron
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DB2 Information Integrator
Re
latio
na
l Da
ta
e-m
ail
Fla
t F
ile /
XM
L
Sp
rea
d S
he
et
Se
nso
r D
ata
Response Information Repository
(DB2)
Websphere App Server
Web Services
Response System Advisors
Search, Query, Mining, ..
Applications: J2SIM, … etc.
Critical Infrastructure Data Sources
Wrappers
Critical Infrastructures
Responders
Transportation
Hospital Power Plant
Sensor Network
Intelligent Framework for Large Disaster Response
PoliceFire Fighter
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Distributed Simulation Environments
Practitioners Team
BPEL engine
CA*net 5/Internet
WS-Simulation Team
UCLP Services
WSRF-Engine
Visualization Team
Rendering/Visualization(CIMS)
Data capture(Camera)
Parallel SimulationStandalone Simulation
`
Web service client
Middleware (SOAP, RMI, etc)Net-centric infrastructure
DEVS Simulator n(C++ based)
e.g. CD++DEVS Simulator n(C++ based)
e.g. xDEVS-Spain
DEVS Simulator n(C++ based)
e.g. CD++DEVS Simulator n(C++ based)
e.g. xDEVS-Spain
DEVS Simulator n(C++ based)
e.g. CD++DEVS Simulator 1(C++ based)
e.g. CD++
DEVS Simulator n(C++ based)
e.g. CD++DEVS Simulator 1(C++ based)
e.g. CD++
DEVS Simulator n(C++ based)
e.g. CD++DEVS Simulator 2(Java based)
e.g. GENDEVS-ACIMS
DEVS Simulator n(C++ based)
e.g. CD++DEVS Simulator 2(Java based)
e.g. GENDEVS-ACIMS
DEVS Modeling Language (DEVSML)(Representation in XML validated by standardized DTDs)Dynamic Coupling and Scenarios are created / integrated
AtomicModels
CoupledModels
AtomicDEVSMLModels
CoupledDEVSMLModels
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Defence and Emergency Planning
Battlefield Simulations
Crowd behavior and Evacuation analysis
FA= 0.54
FA=0.6
FA= 0.94
FA=0.84
FA= 0.23
FA=0.82
FA=0.74
Alive
Alive
Injured
Dead
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Summary
• The scope of service computing• The key techniques in service computing• Why people use Web services• Research?