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Script: N. HawthorneScript: N. HawthorneEditor: M. McLaughlinEditor: M. McLaughlinProducer: M. HoffmeisterProducer: M. Hoffmeister

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THE PERIOD:ROMANTICISM-1789-1901

The Romantic Age The Romantic Age begins with Thomas begins with Thomas Jefferson and the Jefferson and the French Revolution in French Revolution in 1789….1789….

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THE PERIOD:ROMANTICISM

And ends after the And ends after the Civil War with Civil War with Stephen Crane’s Stephen Crane’s

THE RED BADGE THE RED BADGE OF OF

COURAGECOURAGE

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ELEMENTS OF ROMANTICISM

1. 1. IdealismIdealism- slavery, - slavery, women, educationwomen, education

2. 2. PastPast-exotic, mysterious, -exotic, mysterious, esp Amer. pastesp Amer. past

3. 3. NatureNature-ideal, teacher, -ideal, teacher, noble savagenoble savage

44.Imagination.Imagination--extraordinary, emotionextraordinary, emotion

5.5.Supernatural- Supernatural- Gothic, Gothic, fear, terrorfear, terror

66.Frontier.Frontier- unlimited, - unlimited, freedomfreedom

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Irving: Use of America's past including folktales, popular myths, picturesque and sublime settingsPoe: Use of Gothic settings, themes, and characters; interest in dreams and other threshold states, and in sensitive individuals' propensities to madnessMelville: Plumbing of the dark depths of the human mind, antipathy to authority, celebration of individual striving and sympathetic nurturing

HAWTHORNE and the other ROMANTIC WRITERS

Comparisons/Connections

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HAWTHORNE and the other ROMANTIC WRITERS

Emerson: Celebration of striving toward self-fulfillment, criticism of hereditary privilege, egalitarian vision

Stowe: The "damned mob of scribbling women": Celebration of women's capacities for dignity and heroism, religious piety

James: Sensitive hero/narrator; psychological scrutiny; unresolved

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THE AUTHOR: NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE

(1804-64)

1.1. The Scarlet Letter (1850) The Scarlet Letter (1850) 2.2. The House of the Seven Gables (1851) The House of the Seven Gables (1851)

3.3. The Blithedale Romance (1852) The Blithedale Romance (1852)

4.4. The Marble Faun (1860) The Marble Faun (1860)

5.5. Twice-Told Tales (1837, 1851) Twice-Told Tales (1837, 1851)

6.6. Mosses from an Old Manse (1846, 1854) Mosses from an Old Manse (1846, 1854)

7.7. The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales (1852) Tales (1852)

8.8. The Life of Franklin Pierce (1852) The Life of Franklin Pierce (1852)

9.9. "Chiefly About War Matters" (1862) "Chiefly About War Matters" (1862)

10.10. Our Old Home: A Series of English Our Old Home: A Series of English Sketches (1863) Sketches (1863)

11.11. The Whole History of Grandfather's Chair The Whole History of Grandfather's Chair (1840) (1840)

12.12. A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys (1852) A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys (1852)

13.13. Tanglewood Tales (1853)Tanglewood Tales (1853)

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CONCORD, MA - HOME OF NEW ENGLAND AUTHORS

Only home owned by Only home owned by Nathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne

He called it The Wayside, He called it The Wayside, the name the name by which it is still knownby which it is still known

Louisa May Alcott’s Louisa May Alcott’s family also owned this family also owned this house, Hillside; she wrotehouse, Hillside; she wrote

LITTLE WOMENLITTLE WOMEN Later by Margaret Sydney-Later by Margaret Sydney-

FIVE LITTLE PEPPERSFIVE LITTLE PEPPERS

The Wayside

Nat’l Hist. Landmark

only one in US lived in by 3 literary families

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CONCORD, MA-HOME OF THE NEW ENGLAND

AUTHORS

After Bowdoin After Bowdoin College, Hawthorne College, Hawthorne spent 15 years in spent 15 years in solitude learning to solitude learning to be a writer.be a writer.

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HAWTHORNE IN SALEM

Born in 1804 in SalemBorn in 1804 in Salem Graduated BowdoinGraduated Bowdoin Retires home to learn craft for Retires home to learn craft for

12-15 years12-15 years Joins Thoreau/Emerson at Joins Thoreau/Emerson at

Brook Farm-utopianismBrook Farm-utopianism Married Sophia Peabody at age Married Sophia Peabody at age

3838 Employed at Custom House Employed at Custom House

(1839-49)(1839-49) 1850-THE SCAR.LETTER1850-THE SCAR.LETTER American Consul in LondonAmerican Consul in London

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HAWTHORNE IN SALEM

Reads and studies Reads and studies English Lit. and English Lit. and American history, esp American history, esp local and family local and family historyhistory

Obsessed with Obsessed with sin/guilt. Hawthorne is sin/guilt. Hawthorne is a pessimist by naturea pessimist by nature

Dark side of human Dark side of human nature.nature.

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HAWTHORNE IN SALEM

Hawthorne's AncestorsHawthorne's Ancestors Great Great GrandfathGreat Great Grandfather: er:

Major William Hawthorne - Major William Hawthorne - emigrated from Englandemigrated from England

Great Grandfather Colonel Great Grandfather Colonel John Hawthorne - Judge at John Hawthorne - Judge at Salem Witch Trials Salem Witch Trials

Grandfather:Grandfather: Hawthorne - Sea Hawthorne - Sea CaptainCaptain

Father:Father: Nathaniel Hawthorne - Nathaniel Hawthorne - Sea Captain Sea Captain

Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804-Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804-18641864

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