1

SCR 101:Getting Ready for EPA

2010Moderated by:

Guest Host Steve Sturgess, Executive Editor, Heavy Duty Trucking

Presented by:

Educating the Trucking Industry on 2010 SCR

Technology• How we got here• Technology Overview• SCR’s impact

• Fuel Economy• Driver Interface• Engine Changes• Aftertreatment Changes• Maintenance Intervals

• SCR in use today• Diesel Exhaust Fluid

• Where to get DEF • How often you will refill DEF

• FAQ’s 2

3

22 Years of Truck Emission Changes

1988

1991

1994

1998

2002/2004

2007

20100.01

0.2Nitrogen Oxides - NOx (g/bhp-hr)

Part

icu

late

Matt

er

- P

M (

g/b

hp

-hr)

By 2010, 65 trucks will emit

the same amount of

Pollutants as 1 truck did in

1988

We’ve Come a Long Way

Department 4

Common Terms•SCR = Selective Catalytic Reduction

A vehicle emissions control technology to reduce diesel engine emissions for passenger cars, light & heavy duty trucks. Reduces NOx using a reducing agent by converting NOx into nitrogen, water and tiny amounts of carbon

dioxide.

•DEF = Diesel Exhaust FluidA solution of 32.5% automotive-grade urea and 67.5% purified water used in the SCR process; also referred to as AUS32

32.5% Urea

67.5%Water

100% DEF

DieselExhaust

Fluid

• BlueTecDaimler’s branded SCR emissions technology

What Does That Mean?

•DPF = Diesel Particulate FilterAdditional Aftertreatment hardware added to truck in 2007 to reduce the amount of Particulate Matter in the vehicle’s exhaust

Two Technologies to Meet 2010 Emissions

5

In-Cylinder EGR

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

SCR Catalyst

6

2002-2007:EGR

2010:EGR Only

How EGR Works: Basic Laws of Combustion

Efficiency

EGREG

R Cool A

ir

Cool A

ir

Pre 2002:No EGR

EGRCool Air

• Highest Firing Temperatures

• Highest NOx

• Highest Efficiency

• Lower Firing Temperatures

• Lower NOx

• Lower Efficiency

Cool A

ir

= Exhaust

SCR Catalyst

NOxPM

NOx

Particulate Matter (PM) is trapped in the Diesel Particulate Filter

(DPF)

= Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

PM

DEF injected into the exhaust stream

DEF

NH3DEF solution ‘hydrolyzes’ into

ammonia gas (NH3) which mixes with the exhaust

Ammonia (NH3) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) react in the catalyst

to form Nitrogen and Water

N2H2O

Exhaust leaves the engine with the pollutants NOx and PM

How SCR Works: Cleaning the Air After the

Engine

Technology Attribute SCR EGR

Increased Combustion Efficiency

Increased Fuel Economy

Proven to meet the 0.2 g NOx

Additional Hardware

Use of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

2010 Technology Comparison

8

9

10

4.8

5

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6

1998 2002 2004 2007 2010

Fu

el

Ec

on

om

y,

MP

G

Series 60 DD15

Economy For Your Business

DD

15

Blu

eTec

Up to 5%

Up to 5%

11

PRE - EPA 2007 EPA 2007 EPA 2010

STOPENGINE

CHECKENGINE

STOPENGINE

CHECKENGINE

STOPENGINE

CHECKENGINE

High Exhaust Temperature

Lam

DPF Regeneration

Lamp

Malfunction Indicator Lamp

(MIL)

High Exhaust Temperature

Lam

DPF Regeneration

Lamp

Malfunction Indicator Lamp

(MIL)

Fuel and DEF Gauge

Simplicity For Drivers

Fuel Gauge

Fuel Gauge

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Simplicity for Drivers

EMPTY

Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)

FULL DEF Level Gauge Lamps DEF Lamp

75% to 100% 4 green lights off

50% to 75% 3 green lights off

25% to 50% 2 green lights off

10% to 25% 1 green light off

5% to 10% 1 yellow light on solid

0% to 5% 1 red light flashing on flashing

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EPA 2007 DD15 EPA 2010 DD15

Simplicity Under the Hood

14

ComponentDD15 Design

Changes in 2010

Fuel system

No major changes

Camshaft

Turbo

Turbo compound

Pistons / Rods

Crankshaft

Block / Head

EGR Cooler

Water Pump

Oil / Coolant System

Simplicity Under the Hood

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1-Box Configuration

Simplicity For Packaging

16

Maintenance Item DD15 Duration / Capacity

Oil and Filter

Same as EPA07

Fuel Filter

Valve Adjustment

Crankcase Breather

Diesel Particulate Filter

Coolant Filter

New DD15 Maintenance for EPA 2010

DEF FilterEvery 2 years

Air Bladder Fill

Simplicity For Maintenance

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Experience for SCR

•SCR has Experience all over the World…Over 600,000 Trucks in operation

•SCR 2010 Test Fleet Have Performed Extremely Well

•Detroit Diesel Launched Our 2010 Engine in 2007…Tried and True With Nearly 2 Billion Customer Miles Already

Dealer / Distributor

Where to Get Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

IBC, 55-gallon drum, 2 gallon jug

Home Terminal

Intermediate Bulk Container (IBCs) or 2-2.5 gallon Jugs

Truck Stop

Fuel island filling

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3 Gallons900 Miles

6 Gallons1800 Miles

9 Gallons2700 Miles

12 Gallons3600 Miles

DEF RANGE IN GALLONS

3 6 9 12

How Far Can You Go?

SCR101 Summary

• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Is…

•The most efficient way to meet 2010 emissions

•Simple for truckers to operate and maintain

•Already in use today and heavily tested in the United States

•Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Is…

•Easy and economical to purchase and simple to use

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Department 21

Is DEF unsafe to handle? Is it flammable or hazardous?

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

• Hazards Identification “Urea Solution is not Flammable”

•First Aid Measures“Wash area thoroughly with soap and water”

•Fire Fighting Measures“Urea solution is not flammable”

•Transportation Information“Urea solution is not listed by any US or Canadian transportation authority as a hazardous material…”

Department 22

Does DEF become toxic at extremely high temperatures?

“Urea does not become toxic at any temperature”

“…at 122°F, DEF will still meet ISO specifications of less than 0.2% ammonia for at least 35 days. At that rate it would take more than 2 years to reach the ammonia level of household ammonia which is still not classified as toxic”

James Spooner VP & GM Colonial Chemical Company

Department 23

Will DEF freeze at 12°F?

DEF will start to freeze at 12°F

Engine coolant is used to thaw DEF in tank. System

will function until DEF begins to flow.

EPA Requires DEF flow within 70 minutes

24

DEF Shelf Life at Constant Temperature(average temperature during month of July)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Los Angeles Chicago Atlanta Phoenix

Mo

nth

s

Will DEF go bad in my truck if I operate in a hot climate?

At 86°F DEF has a shelf life of 1 YEAR!

Source: Terra Industries

44Month

s

74°F avg. July

temp

41Month

s

75°F avg. July

temp

36 month

s

77°F avg. July

temp 7 month

s

95°F avg. July temp

DEF is available through a variety of distribution networks today, at affordable prices.

Detroit Diesel Test Fleet June 23, 2009: 275 Gallons @ $2.42/gal

TA Saginaw, MI June 26, 2009 2.5 Gallons @ $3.99/gal

Will I be able to get DEF at a reasonable price?

Pilot Travel Center Brooks, OR Sept 14, 2009

Fuel Island Bulk Fill @ $2.79/gal

Department 26

If I run out of DEF will my truck still start?

When the DEF tank is empty “…the vehicle will be limited to 5 mph with inducement notification”

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

NATIONAL VEHICLE AND FUEL EMISSIONS LABORATORY

SUBJECT: Certification Requirements for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines Using Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) Technologies

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

NATIONAL VEHICLE AND FUEL EMISSIONS LABORATORY

SUBJECT: Certification Requirements for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines Using Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) Technologies

The DEF gauge indicates the level of DEF in the tank and has a series of alerts when the tank is running low

Department 27

Is the packaging of SCR system complicated?

BlueTec Installation

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SCR 101:Getting Ready for EPA

2010

Presented By Detroit DieselModerated by Guest Host Steve Sturgess, Executive Editor, Heavy Duty Trucking