1 Scientific Method. 2 Observation Employing your five senses to perceive objects or events.
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Transcript of 1 Scientific Method. 2 Observation Employing your five senses to perceive objects or events.
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
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ObservationObservation Employing your five senses to
perceive objects or events
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Asking a Question Based on observations; one or
more questions are generated
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HypothesizingHypothesizing Explanation for what you have
seen and recorded Can be tested Based on prior knowledge
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Forming a HypothesisForming a Hypothesis Statement is testable if evidence
can be collected that either does or doesn’t support it
Often must be revised if it is NOT supported by the testing data
Often in the form of an “if-then” statement however doesn’t have to be.
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PredictingPredicting To test hypothesis it is necessary
to make predictions that logically follows from the hypothesis
A statement made in advance that states the results that will be obtained from testing the hypothesis
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ExperimentingExperimenting
Testing a hypothesis or prediction by gathering data under controlled conditions – conducting a controlled experiment
Based on a comparison of a control group with an experimental group
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Both groups are identical except for one factor (independent variable)
Observations and measurements are taken for a particular factor (dependent variable) in both groupsDriven by or results from independent variable
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Collecting DataCollecting Data Includes any and
all information that scientist gather in trying to answer their questions
Includes all measurements & observations made during the experiment
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MeasuringInvolves quantitative data that can be measured in numbers
SamplingTechnique of using a sample – a small part – to represent the entire population
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Organizing DataOrganizing Data Involves placing observations and
measurement (data) in order Graphs, charts, tables, or maps
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Analyzing DataAnalyzing Data
Collected and organized data must be analyzed Process of determining whether
data are reliable or whether they support or do not support a hypothesis or prediction
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InferringInferring Conclusions made on the basis of
facts or premises rather than on direct observations Often drawn from data gathered
from a study or experiment and previous knowledge
Not directly testable
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Forming a TheoryForming a Theory A theory may be formed
after many related hypotheses have been tested and supported with experimental evidence
A broad and comprehensive statement of what is thought to be true
Supported by considerable evidence
Ties together related hypotheses
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CommunicationCommunication Share the results of
their studies with other scientists
Publish findings in journals or at scientific meetings
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CommunicationCommunication Sharing of information is
essential to scientific process Subject to examination and
verification by other scientists
Allows scientists to build on the work of others
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Scientific Scientific MeasurementsMeasurements
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MeasurementsMeasurements Scientists use SI units or metric
system Based on units of ten
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Base Units of Measurement Length – Meter Volume – Liter Mass – Gram Time – Second Temperature - oC
Always read the Meniscus (bottom of the curve)
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Common Metric Prefixes Common Metric Prefixes used in Biologyused in Biology
Kilo- means 1000 Centi- means 1/100th
Milli- means 1/1000th
Micro – means 1/100,000th
Nano- means 1/100000000th
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Other Metric PrefixesOther Metric Prefixes
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