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1 Satellite Classification Prof. Arnon Karnieli The Remote Sensing Laboratory Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede-Boker Campus 84990, ISRAEL Prof. Arnon Karnieli The Remote Sensing Laboratory Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede-Boker Campus 84990, ISRAEL

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2 Satellite nameSensor name NOAA AVHRR LandsatMSS Landsat TM LandsatETM+ TerraMODIS TerraASTER TerraMOPITT TerraMISR TerraCERES Several sensors on the same satellite Different sensors generations System names

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3 1. By orbit Geo-stationary satellites Orbital satellites 2. By mission Meteorological satellites Communication satellites Navigation/Geodetic satellites Reconnaissance satellites Scientific satellites Earth resources satellites 3. By sensor type Frame camera Whiskbroom sensor Pushbroom sensor Satellite Classification

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4 Geo-stationary satellites Orbital satellites Classification by Orbit

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5 Geostasionary satellites Conditions: Above the Equator Distance: 36,000 km

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6 Polar orbital satellites Movie

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7 Altitude and Speed

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8 Descending - Ascending Descending mode Ascending mode

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9 Sun-synchronous orbit - a polar orbit where the satellite always crosses the Equator at the same local solar time. Sun synchronous orbits

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10 Other orbits Low-inclination, non-Sun- synchronous orbits Tropics, mid-latitudes, varying sampling Typical altitude 200-2,000 km 40 The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)

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11 Classification of meteorological satellites

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12 Global Coverage IDOC

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13 Global Coverage

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14 Global thermal-infrared mosaic

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15 Communication satellites

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16 Communication satellites

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17 Navigation/Geodetic Satellites Geodetic survey satellites accurately measure distance and direction between two points on the Earth's surface

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18 Navigation/Geodetic Satellites

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19 24 satellites, orbiting 20,000 km above the Earth in 12- hour circular orbits. Global Positioning System (GPS)

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20 GPS applications

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21 GPS applications

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22 GPS applications

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23 Reconnaissance satellites

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24 ? Corona looks at Kremlin, 1965

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25 Red Square Lenins tomb Line to view stiff Kremlin wall Gum Dept. Store Corona looks at Kremlin, 1965

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26 IKONOS images US downed spy plane in China IKONOS

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27 COsmic Background Explorer ( COBE) Scientific satellite

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28 Carbon Monoxide Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument aboard NASAs Terra: carbon monoxide plumes at an altitude of roughly 2 km (700 millibars) in the atmosphere over the Houston area, Texas, USA. Scientific satellite

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29 Frame Camera Whiskbroom (across-track) Scanner Pushbroom (along-track) Scanner Satellite Classification by Sensor Type

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30 Dwell Time Whiskbroom Scanner

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31 Dwell Time Pushbroom Scanner