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Russia’s Priorities to Space Exploration and International

Cooperation

Russia’s Priorities to Space Exploration and International

Cooperation

by

Nikolai Anfimov

Director General TsNIIMASH,Russia’s Federal Space Agency

by

Nikolai Anfimov

Director General TsNIIMASH,Russia’s Federal Space Agency

SymposiumSPACE EXPLORATION AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Washington D.C., June 21-22, 2004

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Since the first years of the space era Russia pursued a policy of extended utilization of the outer space in the interests of science and economy and that of applied studies implementation on the basis of international cooperation (the beginning was in 1965 with the INTERKOSMOS program in which 10 countries participated, mainly from the Eastern Europe). Flights of foreign astronauts aboard Russian spacecraft and orbital stations, including MIR Station, Apollo-Soyuz Test Program, international cooperation and partnership in the ISS and in other international scientific space programs have clearly demonstrated Russia’s adherence to effective models of partnership and international cooperation.

Russia's space policy

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Orbital constellation Number of objects - 92

108 Enterprises 84 state enterprises 24 JSC

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Launch sites Baiconur, Plesetsk and Svobodnyi with supporting

infrastructure

R o ck et a n d sp a ce tech n ic s p ro d u ctio nP la n ts , te c h n o lo g ic a l

in s ti tu te s

D esig n o f ro ck et a n d sp a ce sy stem s, R & D . R esea rch in st itu te s , d es ig n b u rea n ,

sc ien tific -p ro d u ctio n a sso c ia tio n s

Application of space activity results:

•defense •socio-economical sphere

•scientific research •international cooperation

Test fa c ilit ie s fo r g ro u n d te s tin g o f ro ck et a n d

sp a ce tech n ic s

Based on a tremendous technological experience and created space potential Russia is in position to undertake large-scale space programs and initiatives.

Russia's space potential

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Rockot

Soyuz

International cooperation in space

INTEGRAL

Proton

Russia pursues a policy on active integration into international space projects together with European countries, USA, Canada, Japan, China et al.

22 agreements between the Russian Federal Space Agency and European Space Agency, national space agencies of USA, France and many other countries have been signed and are in force.

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Prospect and priority areas of cosmonauticsevolution in the XXI century

Provision of global information exchange accessible for all people in the world.

Optimal transportation means operation and employment. Solution of environment problems. Optimal management of the Earth natural resources. Reliable prediction of natural catastrophes,

primarily the earthquakes. Solution of large-scale extraterrestrial problems of human

survival. Radical cost reduction for payload launching into

the space in the intrests of extended space exploration. Preventing the outer space from contamination with space

debris. Advancement of human space flights

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• the ISS deployment finalization, operation and utilisation;• establishment of a unified global international navigation system based on integration of the GPS, GLONASS and Galileo systems;• extension of international cooperation in advancing and improving the GMES integrated system on the basis of novel technologies for the Earth remote sensing;• extension of fundamental research efforts based on modern

space technology capabilities (within such international programs as the INTEGRAL, Spectr, Mars-Surveyor, Aurora, etc);• extension of international cooperation in advancing and improving launch vehicles and facilities (the Soyuz Kourou program, the ATV for the ISS support operations, the FSA-CNES cooperation program, etc.)

Near-term space activity areas

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Human & Robotic Space Exploration

Soviet and Russian Space Programs were leaning ever on combination of robotic and human missions

The concept of the Russian Federation space program advancement for basic space sciences in the period of 2006 2015 specifies an active participation in global space programs and projects as well as joining the partnerships in extending the outer space exploration as one of the primary objectives of Russia’s international cooperation in the space research and application areas.

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Soviet-Russian interplanetary robotic missions

The Moon fly-buy Back side of the Moon (photo)

Soft landing on the Moon surface Moon soil sample return

Mars-3

Lunokhod –1,2

Mars - 96

Phobos

“Venera-9” space station accomplished soft landing on

VenusHalley comet image

obtained with Vega-1

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1986 - European Giotto spacecraft was expected to be 10,000 km away

from the comet instead of planned 500 km.

The ephemerid support based on information sent back from Soviet

Vega-1, Vega-2 automatic probes and transmitted through US radar station

would allow Giotto to home in with great accuracy on Halley's solid heart.

VegaGiotto

“Lotsman” project – support of the “Giotto” rendezvous with Halley comet

International cooperation in space

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“Phobos-Soil” interplanetary mission (2009)

Earth

Sun

Mars Phobos

LV launchInjection intothe reference orbit

Deployment of the electric propulsion moduleAcceleration with the help of the electric propulsion system

Earth - Mars transfer

Separation of the electricpropulsion module

Injection into Phobos's orbitInjection into trajectoryof the Mars - Earth transfer

Separation of thereturn vehicle

Mars - Earth transfer

Separation of the descentmodule with the soil container

soil scoopingLanding and

of the rocketLaunch

with PhobosRendezvous

Injection into trajectory of the Earth - Mars transfer

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Evolution of Mars human mission concept

Key technologies consideration is recently

revised under the program Mars-XXI

(1960-2003)

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Concluding Remarks

• In support of the US President’s Space Exploration Vision it would be appropriate to underline advisability for establishing a more extended long-term space strategy oriented at both solution of global human problems and implementation of President George W. Bush’s space policy of Moon and Mars exploration.

• Such approach would comply with actual human interests since it would establish conditions for implementing the UN proclaimed strategy of sustained world society advancement.