1 Renaissance Hotel, Kula Lumpur, Malaysia - November 4, 2010 Laminated Glass Use Considerations –...

1Renaissance Hotel, Kula Lumpur, Malaysia - November 4, 2010 Renaissance Hotel, Kula Lumpur,

Malaysia - November 4, 2010

Laminated GlassUse Considerations – Safety

Presented by:

Julia SchimmelpenninghGlobal Applications Manager - ArchitecturalAdvanced Interlayers, Solutia Inc.

2Renaissance Hotel, Kula Lumpur, Malaysia - November 4, 2010

About Solutia Inc.

• $1.8 billion global company

• Solutia® creates performance materials that provide comfort, safety, security, durability and energy efficiency vital to our evolving world.

• The company employs ~3,800 people worldwide.

• Solutia is number 1 in our markets, globally


About Solutia Products• Solutia materials are

used primarily in the construction, transportation and manufacturing markets.

• The company has a strong portfolio of three businesses: – Advanced Interlayers – Performance Films– Technical Specialties


Discussion Outline•Introduction

•Building Regulations

•Safety Glazing Standards and Test Methods

•Basic Design Criteria

•Emerging Building Trend

•Conclusion


Introduction


The “Safe” Side of “GREEN”• Shelters = Safe• Buildings = Shelter

• Building regulations exist in many parts of the world, but varied

• Energy efficiency and green architecture are not going away

• Must exist in a world where life safety requirements have long been established and are still of primary performance consideration for glazing in hazardous locations


Green Movement

•Clean Fuel Alternatives

•Energy Conservation

•Reduced Carbon Footprint

•Responsibility•Ownership

Coated Glass UseColored interlayers Dynamic MaterialsGas FillsInsulating glass units (IGU)Solar or Tinted GlassSurface Applied Films Triple IGUVacuum CavityWarm Spacer


Building Regulations


Current Building Regulations•Primary focus - adequate construction to obtain a sustainable level of life safety

•Primarily Life Safety Considerations•Define Minimum Requirements•Focus moved toward Energy•Basic requirements for Health and Safety must still be met


Current Building Regulations•“Code”, “Regulation” or “Norm”

– MANDATORY

•“Standard”, “Practice” or “Guideline”– VOLUNTARY

• Referenced in “codes”

• Use or compliance becomes mandatory


Select Building Regulations• International Building Code (IBC) – USA Building Code for Non-

Residential Buildings

• International Residential Building Code (IRC) – USA Building Code for Residential Buildings

• Technical Specification for Application of Architectural Glass (JGJ 113) – Industrial Standards of the People’s Republic of China

• Safety Glazing Materials in Building – Part 3: Laminated Glass (GB 15763.3) – National Standards of the People’s Republic of China.

• Safety Glazing Materials in Buildings – Australia/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 2208)

• Code of Practice for the Installation of Glazing in Buildings (SABS 0137/SANS 10137) South Africa


Regulatory Impact Areas–Human Impact Protection

–Hazardous Locations

–Overhead Glazing

–Structural

–Railing and Balusters

–Hurricane

–Seismic

13Renaissance Hotel, Kula Lumpur, Malaysia - November 4, 2010……………………….

Standards and Tests


Testing•Safety Glazing – glass or glazing that breaks safety when tested under specified protocols

•Impacting commercially produced glazing panels

•Impactor device may vary– Shot Bag– Twin Tire– Steel Ball


ANSI Z97.1• Original Safety Glazing Impact Test (1960’s)• Voluntary Safety Standard

– Shot bag test – Enacted in 1966– Modified to meet industry changes– Latest Revision 2009– Applies to all safety glazing

• Tempered glass• Laminated glass• Plastic glazing• Organic Coated Glass


ANSI Z97.1 Shot BagCross Section


Human Impact Protection


• 10 largest pieces after shatter

• 3” solid sphere passage for Laminated, Plastic, Organic Coated and Filmed Glass

• Modulus of Rupture for Plastics

• Boil Test

• Radiation

ANSI Z97.1 Shot Bag Pass Fail Criteria


Select Industry Standards• ANSI Z97.1 Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings - Safety

Performance Specifications and Methods of Test. (United States of America)

• AS 1288 -Glass in buildings—Selection and Installation (Australia)• BS 6206 Specification for Impact Performance Requirements for Flat

Safety Glass and Safety Plastics for Use in Building (United Kingdom)• CAN/CGSB 12.1-M Tempered or Laminated Safety Glass (Canada)• CNS 1183/ 1184 Laminated Glass/ Methods of Test for Laminated

Glass (China)• Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) 16 Code of

Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1201 (United States of America)• EN 12600 Glass in Building. Pendulum Test. Impact Test Method and

Classification for Flat Glass (Central European Norm)• JIS R 3205:2005 - Laminated Glass (Japan)


Pendulum Test EN 12600


Ball Drop Test


Basic Design Criteria


Safety Glazing for Doors


Near Floor Grade Glazing

91 cm(36 in)

<46 cm (18 in)Above floor

Area >0.84 m2 (9 ft2)


Bathtubs, Showers etc…

< 152 cm(60 in)

< 152 cm(60 in)


Overhead and Sloped Glazing

Sloped Glazing:Any glazing >15

degrees (0.26 rad) from vertical

15º

Skylights

Unit Skylights

Solariums

Sunrooms

Roofs

Sloped Walls


Emerging Design Trends


The Concern for Safety•Glass breaks

•Causes of broken glass

•Glass falling or flying not desirable

•Post breakage behavior


Glass Shard Containment•Post event•Failing glass injuries•Lack of replacement/installation crew•Lack of materials•Prolonged street closings

– Injuries– Trapped – Revenue stream halted– Disrupts lives and repair


Emerging Areas for Glass Shard Containment

•Assailant initiated impact

•Atria•Balusters•Blast loads•Debris impact•Elevators•Furniture glass

•Glass failures

•Overhead glazing

•Seismic racking

•Sloped glazing

•Skylight fall-through

•Railings

•Walkways


Glass Shard Containment•The Applications

– Cyclones/Typhoons –• Fast moving missile• Cyclical simulation• Typically Single Unit Laminated

–Moving to IGU for Energy Conservation• Key Objectives

–Keep Occupants Safe–Prevent full pressurization of buildings–Reduce contribution to debris field


Impact Damage


Driving Market to IGUGlass

Spacer

Interlayer (s)

Basic Elements(single)

Windborne Debris

(Laminated)

Energy & Impact(Laminated IGU)


Sample of Energy Enhancement

Nominal Overall (mm) Unit Configuration, mm T

Vis %

T S

ol %

Tu

v

SC

SH

GC

U-F

ac

tor

W/m

-K

14mm 66.6 Clear 0.86 0.64 0.00 0.84 0.73 5.24

Laminated Insulating Units (Monolithic Glass - Air Space - Laminated Glass (inboard))

33mm 6 mm Clear[13 mm A.S.] 66.6 Clear 0.77 0.51 0.00 0.77 0.67 2.5533 mm 6 mm Low-e*[13 mm A.S.] 66.6 Clear 0.69 0.30 0.00 0.27 0.43 1.59

Double Laminated IGU (Laminated Glass - Air Space - Laminated Glass)

33 mm 33.2 Clear[13mm A.S.] 66.4 Clear 0.77 0.51 0.00 0.75 0.65 2.5533 mm 33.2 Low-e* [13mm A.S.] 66.4 Clear 0.68 0.30 0.00 0.43 0.37 1.59

Triple Laminated IGU (Laminated Glass - Air Space - Monolithic Low-e Glass - Air Space - Laminated Glass)

35 mm 33.2 Clear[6 mm AS]2.3 mm Low-e*[6 mm AS]66.4 Clear 0.62 0.27 0.00 0.44 0.38 1.69

Laminated (Glass Glass.Saflex Layers @ 15g)

Information provided by Solutia Inc. The data and information set forth above are based on samples tested and are not guaranteed for all samples or applications. All data calculated using Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Window 5 Program; NFRC/ASHRAE Conditions; center of glass values; US Standard units. Data presented is not inclusive of all product/color offerings. Contact the manufacturer for a full product and performance listing. * Emissivity of Low-e 0.035.


Energy Conservation vs. Debris•Monolithic lite sacrificial

– Inboard facing – danger to occupants– Outboard facing – falling debris

• Streets closed due to falling glass• Loss of revenue

•No mandatory regulation– Requirement appearing in specifications– Fall out clause


Fall-out Considerations

Glass

Spacer

Interlayer (s)

Flipped(Occupant Safety

Concerns)

Double LaminatedThick Interlayers

Double Laminated “Thin Interlayers”


Asia - 2009 Typhoon Paths

• 41 Depressions

• 22 Storms

• 13 Typhoons

• >2248 Fatalities

• >$12B Damage

2009 Statistics


Bomb Blast Applications• Many of the same issues as Cyclone/Typhoon• Typically IGU

– Outboard lite monolithic• Laminated lite prevents it from falling inward• Rebounding causes broken glass to fly outward

then fall

• Protection of Occupants• Protection of Other Internal Assets• Keep Blast Wave out of the building


Bishopgate Bombing(London, England – 1993)


Alfred P. Murrah BuildingOklahoma City, OK – USA 1995


Other Applications?•Seismic applications•Sloped glazing•Overhead glazing•Bolted systems•Skylights (Fall through)

– Considerations – • Spontaneous breakage• HS or FT laminated• Updating Safe break philosophy

42Renaissance Hotel, Kula Lumpur, Malaysia - November 4, 2010……………………….

Conclusions


Conclusions• Safety requirements are typically mandated

– Minimum requirements• Glazing should be selected:

– Building use - Optical distortion– Environment - Post breakage behavior– Occupants - Durability– Pedestrians - Strength & comfort

• Available products can easily meet shard containment requirements

• Energy conservation and/or harvesting can be incorporated


Laminated Glass can…•Be Energy Efficient•Break safely•Contain shards•Screen UV•Filter noise•Create colors, intrigue and ambiance •Meet new design challenges and •Provide Value and Comfort


Contact Information

For further informationvisit our website at:

www.Saflex.com

or contact:

Julia Schimmelpenningh

Global Applications Manager – Architectural

Advanced Interlayers, a unit of Solutia Inc.

[email protected]

Thank You!!

1 Renaissance Hotel, Kula Lumpur, Malaysia - November 4, 2010 Laminated Glass Use Considerations –...

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