NervousSystem

Nervous System – Functions

1. Receives stimuli from inside and outside the body2. Sends messages to respond to the stimuli it receives

3.CONTROLS TH E Body

Nervous System is divided into two main parts:

CENTRALNERVOUS SYSTEM

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Messages

It sends messages by sending electricity through the nerves.

Central Nervous System

Brain – Controls body functions

From Brain Stem to Cerebrum

How do these

organisms compare?

Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord – Transmits information to and from the brain

Peripheral Nervous System

Is divided into 2 parts: 1. Somatic NS –Sends information between the brain and the muscles.2. Autonomic NS —controls the internal organs and glands

What is Homeostasis?

Maintains balance in the body because one part of your nervous system, sympathetic, sends signals to the other systems that there is danger and the parasympathetic part of the system tells your systems when to turn the warning off.

Systems Working TogetherNervous and Muscular-Nerves respond to stimuli and send signals to your muscles to contract.

Systems Working Together

Nervous and EndocrineWork together as your body’s communication systemEndocrine=long termNervous=short term

Stimulus / Response

Internal stimulusScaredResponseHeart beats faster,

breathing is faster (triggers the response of many systems)

External stimulusTouching a hot stoveResponseMoving your hand

How does our Nervous System compare to Mr. Frog’s?

MR. FROG HUMANS

Compareing our Nervous System to Mr. Frog’s.

MR. FROG HUMANS

Consists of a brain, a spinal cord, and nerves.

10 cranial nerves that originate in the brain.

10 pairs of spinal nerves.

Cerebrum is very small.

Consists of a brain, a spinal cord, and nerves.

10 cranial nerves that originate in the brain.

30 pairs of spinal nerves.

Cerebrum is very large.

DISORDERS of the Nervous System

Well, there are so many to choose from thataffect your brain and/or nerves. Here’s justa few.

(ouch for this guy)

Same guy, afew minuteslater.

Fortunately, hedidn’t suffer anylong-term paralysis, but heDID have a concussion.(1.) A concussion happens when the skull slams into the

brain, “shocking” it. This happens when the brain sits still due to inertia, but a hit moves the head very fast.

Here’s a truly sad and tragic one. As some people age, their brain cellsstop communicating with each other, causing memory loss. This isknown as (2.) Alzheimer’s Disease (not “old timer’s disease”).This almost always is found elderly people, and the cause is not reallywell-understood. There is no cure, and the only treatment seems to bethe patience and understanding of the sufferer’s loved ones.

Imagine leaving the house and not remembering why you left in thefirst place, then forgetting which house was yours, and simply feelingtotally, helplessly lost. Imagine opening your eyes from a nap andnot having a clue who your own daughter or husband were as theysat next to you. Hopefully, someday there will be a cure for this.

President Reagan and Charlton Hestonboth suffered from Alzheimer’s.

Disorders, contd.

Imagine your hand shaking uncontrollably…eating with a fork ortying your shoes is so frustrating and uncomfortable…and embarrassing.Eventually you have a hard time making your mouth and tongue formthe sounds of words you’re trying to speak. This is the effects of (3.)Parkinson’s Disease.

This is a disease caused by brain damage that causes loss of muscularcontrol & coordination.

Michael J. Fox andMuhammad Ali.

You really only get one brain. There’s no brain “transplant” either.When you kill those brain cells, they don’t magically repair them-selves, usually. So TAKE CARE OF IT! Think of Ozzy!

Slksd asl sdkla dnndng ngnang

Snd ansdndn ansdsuwe sld

Stay off the drugs, kids! Lsdkal

Dsklsjdj djannd ehenan engna

Ennq ueueusn dndns andooop

Shaarrrooooonnn

Endocrine System

Endocrine –Functions (jobs)

1. Glands secrete hormones to the blood stream that:

*regulate mood *growth &

development *metabolism *sexual function

and processes

STRUCTURES of the Endocrine System

Let’s define “hormone.” 1.hormones – chemicals that travel through blood and control how other organs function.

Examples:growth hormone,

Robert Wadlow was 7’4” as a 13-year-oldand reached 8’11” alltold.

adrenaline

This guy probably ispumped full ofadrenaline

Endocrine – Structures (Parts)

Adrenal Gland-Releases hormones for fight or flight response

Pituitary—secretes 8 different hormones that control the other endocrine glands. Called “master gland”

Pancreas-Releases insulin to regulate blood sugar

Testes(males) Ovaries (females)-Releases reproductive hormones

Systems Working Together

ENDOCRINE AND REPRODUCTIVE

Glands secrete hormones related in child birth and sex organs

Systems Working Together

ENDOCRINE AND SKELETAL

Pituitary gland releases chemicals for growth

Homeostasis—Balance in the Body

This system maintains homeostasis by releasing hormones to regulate metabolism and body temperature (your thermostat).

Stimulus / ResponseInternal stimulusMetabolism slows

downResponseHormones are

released to speed up metabolism

External stimulusStressResponseHormones are released

to deal with stress

How does our Endocrine System compare to Mr. Frog’s?

MR. FROG HUMANS

How do these organism’s Endocrine Systems compare?

DISORDERS of the Endocrine System

Fine-tuning and controlling other organs is a tricky, tricky thing forendocrine glands to master. There are hundreds of disorders that arecaused when hormones get out of balance. Really smart doctors, knownas endocrinologists, get paid big bucks to figure out how to fix suchsituations.If you’ve ever paid attention to salt containers at the store, you’ll noticethey almost always brag about being “iodized.”

Disorders, contd.

The reason is that getting just enough iodine (element 53 on the P.Table, by the way) keeps your thyroid gland happy and prevents a condition called goiter.

(boy, it’s goodto live in theU.S. of A.)

1. goiter – swollen thyroid due to lack of iodine in diet

Disorders, contd.

Chances are you know somebody, maybe several people, who havediabetes. 2. Diabetes is a disease where the pancreas makes little orno insulin (so your body has a hard time using blood sugar). There aremany causes of diabetes, and it is very often genetic.

What does having this sugar in your blood do to you? Well, your blood doesn’t flow and function smoothly, so circulation problems will soon arise. Diabetes can cause eye & skin problems, poor circulation, and organ failure. It IS a treatable condition, as diabetics can give them-selves insulin (or eat a candy bar if their blood sugar gets too low). However, there is no cure.

ReviewCould you live without this system???

Goodness, no! There are thousands of hormones your body makes, andeach of them contributes to your growth, repair, and day-to-day functioning as a human being.

If you just turned Joe’s endocrine glands “off,”within a minute he’d probably start to feel weird. It wouldn’t be much longer that he goesunconscious and dies from a total breakdown ofhomeostasis.

Review, contd.

This body system is ALL about homeostasis. The glands send out alittle hormone and then have the ability to sense when they need toslow down or stop altogether.

The endocrine system can respond to all sorts of stimuli, small andlarge. If you are in the sun, you will release lipotropin to producemelanin. If you wake up and see this guy standing next to you…

…your adrenal glands will immediatelyrelease adrenaline, which shuts down allyour body functions that won’t help yousurvive the next 5 minutes and speeds upyour heart and breathing rates. You’ll be ready to fight or run away in terror.