1 QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. Alternative Access Technologies Peter Elford...

1QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

AlternativeAccess

Technologies

Peter [email protected]

AlternativeAccess

Technologies

Peter [email protected]

2QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com

AgendaAgenda

• Changing Access Needs

• Access TechnologiesCable, DSLWireless,Ethernet, PONPowerline


ADSL

DSLAM

ISP2

ISP1 Comp B

Comp A

Access Technologies

POTSISDN

3

WirelessCable

CableHeadend Switch

FrameATMEthernet Other

?

WirelessHeadend

Wireless

IP Backbone


Emerging Market for Dedicated High Speed Access is Expanding & Accelerating

Branch Enterprise

Small-MediumEnterprise

Telecommuter

Residential

Migration from PSTN/ISDN to High Speed Always On

Network Access

Cable and xDSL and Wireless and …Cable and xDSL and Wireless and …

ISPand/or

Enterprise

DialupDialupPSTNISDN


MotivationMotivation

• Incumbent infrastructure suppliers looking to leverage investment in local loop/cable

Cable TV OperatorsCable TV Operators and Telephony providersTelephony providers

Goal: Add new services using existing plant

Driven by: Internet and New World trends

• New entrantsNew entrants with little or no legacy infrastructure

VoiceTotal

TrafficVolume

Time

Data Video

Today Today


A Hypothetical propositionA Hypothetical proposition

Assume:

1 half sphere/per eye

24 bit colour

30 frames per second

2,400 dots per inch

10.4 billion pixels

One telepresence session requiresOne telepresence session requires

15 Terabits/second (uncompressed)15 Terabits/second (uncompressed)

Future Application Need: Telepresence

Source: Level(3) Communications


CableCable

7www.cisco.com


HFC Network Architecture

Headend

Hub

Hub

Node Node Node

Hub Node

COAXTap

Node

Node

DropSettop

TV

Node Node Node

6 MHz

HBOCNNESPN


Cable Data System Schematic

Headend / Hub

ReceiversDescramblersScramblers

OpticalNodes

OpticalTransmitters

RF Combiner

AM & DigitalModulators

Off-AirChannels

SatelliteChannels

RFAmplifiers Tap

UniversalBroadbandRouter

Internet

10 Base T

SubscriberCable Modem


• Share Physical Media

Downstream - 27 Mbps (shared)Upstream - 2Mbps (shared)

• Link MAC Protocol

Ethernet on MPEGSecurity

• Cable ModemAuto-configuration

QoS

CableHeadendRouter

CableHeadendRouter

Ethernet Port

MCNS Summary

Tap

Cable Modem

TheNetwork

MCNS – Multimedia Cable Network Specifications DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification


Cable HeadEnd Router

• Headend Router

Integrated cable modem headend and router

Cable interfaces, backend trunking

Based on Highend Router

Range of RF Cable Modem Cards- Upstream and Downstream

Based on Highend Router

Range of RF Cable Modem Cards- Upstream and Downstream


Cable Subscriber Modems

• MCNS Subscriber Cable Modems

Varying requirements

Residential – BridgesSOHO, SMB – Routers


xDSLxDSL

13www.cisco.com


CentralOffice

(TelephoneExchange)

RemoteLocation

xDSL• x

Varies Depending on Technology ...

• DSL

Digital Subscriber Loop

SubscriberLoop

Today - TelephoneToday - TelephoneTomorrow ...Tomorrow ...

Today - TelephoneToday - TelephoneTomorrow ...Tomorrow ...


xDSL Physical Characteristics

Max Data RateDown/Up LinksMax Data RateDown/Up Links

VDSL - Very High RateVDSL - Very High Rate

Distancekm

Distancekm

SDSL - SymmetricSDSL - Symmetric

HDSL - High Bit RateHDSL - High Bit Rate

IDSL - ISDNIDSL - ISDN

ADSL - AsymmetricADSL - Asymmetric

52 Mbps/2.0Mbps52 Mbps/2.0Mbps .9.9

6.96.9

5.55.5

5.55.5

4.64.6

784kbp/784Kbps784kbp/784Kbps

144Kbps/144Kbps144Kbps/144Kbps

8 Mbps/1.0Mbps8 Mbps/1.0Mbps

2.0 Mbps/2.0 Mbps2.0 Mbps/2.0 Mbps


ATMCore

IPCore

ISP (a, b, c)

Corporate Gateway (x, y, z)

ADSL ArchitectureADSL Architecture

DSLAM Aggregator

16

Content Network

Consumers

ConnectionsConnectionsDelivered asDelivered asATM PVC’sATM PVC’s

ConnectionsConnectionsDelivered asDelivered asATM PVC’sATM PVC’s

TelephoneExchange

BackboneNetwork


ADSL SolutionADSL Solution

DSLAM AggregatorADSLCPE

DSL ATM

Ethernet

PPPoE(oA)


WirelessWireless

18www.cisco.com


Fixed Mobile

Broadband 2GCellular

3GCellular

Enterprise,Campus,

andResidential

Wireless TechnologyWireless Technology


Enterprise WirelessEnterprise Wireless

• Wireless LANs and Bridges

802.11, shared 11Mbps, 500m – 40km

• GSM to VoIP Gateways

IP VoIP

PSTN


Fixed Wireless IssuesFixed Wireless Issues

• Reach

• Frequency Spectrum Availability

• Line of Sight (LOS) vs. non-LOS

• Point to Point vs. Point to Multipoint


Non LOS WirelessNon LOS Wireless

• VOFDM

Vector Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

• Leverages multiple received signals to recreate original transmission

• Enables greater coverage and substantially reduces LoS limitations

…

Subscriber

Base Station

Paths

…


Broadband Wireless Solutions

Broadband Wireless Solutions

Wireless Headend Router

Broadband“Last Mile”

Access

Internet

• Shared 10-22Mb using Cable MCNS MAC

• 3.4Ghz (licensed), 5.7Ghz (unlicensed)

Wireless AccessRouter

PSTN


EthernetEthernet

24www.cisco.com


October 31, 2000

““Business customers and service Business customers and service providers should be aware that a new providers should be aware that a new

breed of carrier is emerging. These breed of carrier is emerging. These new carriers are taking Ethernet new carriers are taking Ethernet

technology and extending it from the technology and extending it from the corporate LAN to metro and wide corporate LAN to metro and wide

area networksarea networks.”.”

Gigabit Ethernet: Can it Break the Metro Area Bottleneck ?

Gigabit Ethernet: Can it Break the Metro Area Bottleneck ?


Why Ethernet ?Why Ethernet ?Why Ethernet ?Why Ethernet ?

• Very high performance

• FlexibleSub 10E, E, FE, GE, 10GE …

User configurable

• Really cheap

• Easily deployed

• Matches user requirementsTransport IP packets

• Easily combined with DWDM


BredbandsbolagetBredbandsbolaget

• 10E to home @ ~A$40/month

• GE backbone

• 750,000 users within CY2000

• Portal Centric (Full Service)

HomeResidential Area

City

Country


CogentCogent

Long Haul DWDM(128 x Oc192)

GE

Oc48Oc48

GE

FE

http://www.cogentco.com/home.html


The Opportunity Cost of Laying a New Last Mile

The Opportunity Cost of Laying a New Last Mile

• Close match to Enterprise Networks

• A service provider service at least as high in performance as the Intranet

• Foundation for many other services

Portals, Hosting, ASP’s, VoIP, Video …

““… … this technology could bethis technology could bedisruptive to thedisruptive to the

traditional carriers traditional carriers ...”...”

October 31, 2000


Central Office Distribution Network Subscriber Premises

OLTFibre Feeder

Splitter

32

Fibre DropONT

VoiceData

VideoVoiceDataVideo

1

Passive Optical NetworksPassive Optical Networks

• OLT – Optical Line Termination

• ONT – Optical Network Termination

• Passive Splitter

• Ethernet PON (EPON) and ATM PON (APON)


A

AONU-A

DiscardCB

C

CONU-C

BA

B

BONU-B

CA

OLTOLTCC BB1310nm

1550nmAA CCBB

AA

AA CCBB

AA CCBB

AA CCBB

AA

BB

CC

PON Operation

Discard

Discard

• Downstream/upstream on different wavelengths

• Downstream broadcast; ONU’s select packets

• Upstream using TDMA; synchronised by OLT


PowerLinePowerLine

32www.cisco.com


Power Distribution NetworkPower Distribution Network

CPE

PC

Medium Voltage GridLast Mile

Low VoltageLast 100m

High Voltage

In-PremiseLast Inch

Phone(s)

Internet

Utility Data Network(Fibre)

TransmissionEquipment

Distribution Transformer

“Copper-based” power distribution network


ObservationsObservations

34www.cisco.com


The Need for SpeedThe Need for Speed

• Technology, products and standards definitely driven by US market and regulations

Wireless spectrum licensing is a per country game

But US-model is not exclusive (or 100% relevant)

• Vigorous competition between cable and xDSL

• Rest of the World varies

As much regulation as infrastructure or technology

• Fundamentally changes network design

No last mile challenges …

1 QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. Alternative Access Technologies Peter Elford...

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