1 Program:ROSA Mission Event:1° ASI-EUM ASI-meeting Date:4-5 February, 2009 ROSA Future...
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Transcript of 1 Program:ROSA Mission Event:1° ASI-EUM ASI-meeting Date:4-5 February, 2009 ROSA Future...
1Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
ROSA Future developments and possible
ASI / EUMETSAT cooperation
2Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Present RO Missions
Considerations on RO
About 4000 RO data “ available” just now!
3Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
The results achieved by the RO instruments aboard of the above missions
have demonstrated that the RO Technique is:
• Simple
• Mature
• Great scientific value
• Potentially of future social/commercial value
Considerations on RO
4Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
In particular, the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Constellation, a Scientific
mission based on 6 satellites equipped with only RO Instruments,
has demonstrated how useful can be the RO data in the field of:• Weather Prediction ( assimilation of the RO data in the NWP)
• Climatology
• Space Weather
The Last generation of RO Instruments , like GRAS and ROSA, can
improve the above applications (for instance: sounding very close to
the Earth surface) and add new ones like Geodesy/Gravitation using the
POD (Precise Orbit Determination) data.
Considerations on RO
5Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Type of RO Missions
Scientific Missions: Missions of Opportunity:
Champ,Grace, Metop-A,TerraSAR-X, ROSA etc. Dedicated RO Constellation:
COSMIC, etc
Commercial/Operative Missions Constellation of Opportunities:
IRIDIUM, Globastar etc Dedicated RO Constellation :
CICERO
Considerations on RO
6Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Name Receiver Launch Soundings/day Status OCEANSAT-2 ROSA 2009 300 planned
Megha Tropiques IGOR 2009 500 planned TANDEM-X IGOR ~2010 200 planned KOMSAT-5 IGOR ~2010 500 planned
Aquarius/SAC-D ROSA 2010 600 planned METOP-B GRAS 2011 600 planned CICERO Pyrix
(IGOR 2) 2011(?) 12,000/24,000
(12/24) Phase B
EQUARS IGOR 2011 500 uncertain FORMOSAT3-FO Pyrix 2012 10,000
(12)
TBD ROSA 2 2012 (?) 600 TBD Iridium Pyrix 2013 33,000/66,000
(66) proposal
GEMSS (India) Pyrix 2013(?) 3000 (6)
proposal
China Earthquake TBD 2013(?) 600 proposal METOP-C GRAS 2016 600 planned
Planned RO Mission
Considerations on RO
7Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Why so many RO missions ?
Main Applications:
• Climate
• Weather
• Space Weather
• Geodesy
Considerations on RO
8Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Climate Applications
Long-term climate trend detection Seasonal climate forecasting Climate process&model studies/testing
Long-term measurement stability (< 0.1 K ) Calibration with other Instrument (IR/MW) Accurate global sampling
12-18 RO Receivers, uniformly distributed and constantly in operation should be sufficient
Considerations on RO
9Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Weather Applications
Global Forecast Statistics Severe storm forecasting (evolution, path etc)
High sampling density
< 1-hour latency
How many RO events are necessary?
Considerations on RO
10Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Assumptions for thumb calculations: GPS constellation : 28 satellites LEO satellites orbit: 800 km Earth R: 6380 km RO instruments : rising and setting occultation
With the above assumptions
1 RO instrument can see : ~500 occ/day
and when GLONASS and GALILEO will be available 1 RO instrument can see : ~1500 occ/day
Considerations on RO
11Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
#ofLEO’s
GNSS Transmitters
# of occultations Average# ofoccultations on a surface of 500km by 500km
Average Horizontal Spacing (km)
1 28 500 0.2 1140
1 28+28+28 1500 0.6 657
6 28 3000 1.2 464
6 28+28+28 9000 3.5 268
24 28 12000 4.6 232
24 28+28+28 36000 13.9 134
173 28 86377 33.3 87
173 28+28+28 259131 100 50
Considerations on RO
12Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Daily Storm Sampling Density100 occ / day
Hurricane Katrina28 Aug 2005
Hurricane Katrina28 Aug 2005
by Thomas P. YunckGeoOptics
LLC
Considerations on RO
13Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
• when the 3 major GNSS constellation (GPS,GLONASS and GALILEO) will be operative, a reasonable number of occ/day will be possible starting with only 24 LEO satellites.
• to have an Horizontal spacing of about 50 km it is necessary a very large number of LEO satellites: only commercial constellations like Iridium and Globastar could meet requirement.
• the G/S to meet a latency of <1h for so large number of LEO is possible but will not be easy.
Considerations on RO
14Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Space Weather Applications High-res mapping of 3D electron density Maps of ionospheric irregularities Geomagnetic storm forecasting and early warning
High sampling density in a short time
High altitude sampling to ~700 km
Observations of ionospheric features
Short time of latency time
Space Geodesy Applications Gravity field determination and mapping
High sampling density
High precise measurements of the Signals Phases
Considerations on RO
15Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Some considerations:
• The GLONASS constellation will be fully operative for 2011(?)• The GALILEO constellation will be fully operative for 2013(?)• The GNSS Chinese Constellation will be operative for 20xx (?)• Use not only the Refracted GNSS radiation beams but also the Reflected/Scattered ones• A new generation of RO Receiver is necessary. As baseline could be used the following
requirements: ITAR freeminiaturizedSW radio technologiesGPS/GLONASS and GALILEO compatibilityL1,L2 and L5 frequenciesnew antenna design as optional the integration with a scatterometer/altimeterc module and/or a FIR Fourier interferometer etc.
ASI made the PHASE A of the ROSA II ( Phase A closed in October, now in competition for the next phases):
• A new generation of RO Retrival processing chain is necessary? Partially or Totally?
Considerations on RO
16Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Have been the the main objectvies of the RO achieved and how? For an operational service, like the meteorology a very large number of
instruments is required. Only the use of very large constellations (IRIDIUM and or GLOBASTAR) or new ideas can help in this case.
For the Climatology, Space Weather and Solid Earth a small constellation (12-18) can ben sufficient.
NASA /NOAA have in the next future the following plan : A constellation of 6 satellites + to install a RO Receiver on every available LEO mission.
In EUROPE only 2 Institutions (EUMETSAT and ASI) have developed an own receiver for RO : GRAS and ROSA.
In rest of the world there is only the JPL (or some slight variation) receiver.
Considerations on RO
17Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
In the next future EUROPE will have the most powerful civilian GNSS constellation. But …
It is desirable that European institutions can promote or design some worldwide (or only european) initiative on the Radio Occultation ( with or without integration with a GPS network on ground)
ASI and EUMETSAT can do something to this scope?
Considerations on RO
18Program:ROSA MissionEvent: 1° ASI-EUM ASI-meetingDate: 4-5 February, 2009
Short terms ASI/EUMETSAT cooperation
Availability of a set of data to be processed by ROSA ROSSA
Availability of the ROSA data
Periodic meeting ( 1-2 per year)
Considerations on RO