1 Principles of Accident Prevention

8/10/2019 1 Principles of Accident Prevention

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PRINCIPLES OF

ACCIDENT PREVENTION


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Cost

Productivity

SAFETYContract

Requirement

s


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Accidents

An event which is,

Unplanned & Unexpected

which may or may not have resulted in

damage to property or injury to person.


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Safety

A state of dangerlessness.

A thing is provisionally categorised as safe,

if its risks are deemed known and in the

light of that knowledge, it is judged to beacceptable.


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Accident Prevention -

Fundamental Facts

The accident causes and injury causes

are different.There are more than one causes for an

accident.


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Accident Causes

Unsafe Condition improper guarding

defective tool

slippery floor

improper

housekeeping

Unsafe Act operating without

authority

operating at unsafe speed making safety devices

inoperative

using unsafe equipment


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CHAIN OF EVENTS

UNSAFE ACTS UNSAFE CONDITION

ACCIDENT

ORIGIN OF FAULTS

INJURY

HUMAN FAILURE


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DOMINO THEORY

Fault of

person

Unsafe Act /

ConditionAccident Injury

Social &

Environment


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DOMINO THEORY

Unsafe Act/Condition constitute the real factor


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An updated sequence (Bird,

Frank E, Jr)

Lack of

Control by

Management

LossBasic causes AccidentImmediate

causes


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HEINRICH THEORY

300

29

NO DAMAGE ORNO INJURY

CASES

MAJOR

ACCIDENT

MINOR

ACCIDENTS

M i S f t


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Managing Safetyor

Managing Accident

Reactive Approach

Injury / Damage

Accident

CausativesSafety

Proactive Approach

Safety

Causatives

AccidentInjury / Damage


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Principles of Safety

Management


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Principles of

Safety Management

An unsafe act, an unsafe condition, anaccident; all these are symptoms of

something wrong in the management

system.

PRINCIPLE : 1


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Principles of

Safety Management

Certain sets of circumstances can be

predicted to produce severe injuries. These

circumstances can be identified and

controlled:

PRINCIPLE : 2

Unusual, non-routine

Nonproductive activities

High energy sources, certain

construction situations


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Principles of

Safety Management

Safety should be managed like any other

company function.

Management should direct the safety effort

by setting achievable goals, by planning,

organising and controlling to achieve them.

PRINCIPLE : 3


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Principles of

Safety Management

The key to effective line safetyperformance is management

procedures that fix accountability.

PRINCIPLE : 4


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Principles of

Safety Management

The function of safety is to locate and

define the operational errors that allow

accidents to occur. This function can be

carried out in two ways:

PRINCIPLE : 5

1. by asking why - searching for root causes of accidents, and

2. by asking whether or not certain known effective controls are

being utilized.


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ACCIDENT PREVENTION

BASIC STEP

IDENTIFYING THE RISK


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RISK

MANAGEMENT


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RISK IDENTIFIC TION

RISK QU NTIFIC TION

ACCEPTABLE

RISK

UNACCEPTABLE

RISK


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ACCIDENT COST

Every accident costs something to

The injured person

The family of the injured person

The factory/ site where he works

The nation & above all the manager


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ACCIDENT COST

DIRECT COST

INDIRECT COST


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Accident Cost Calculation


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Safety Performance

Measurement


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Definitions

Reportable Lost Time Injury:

An injury causing death or disablement of the injured

person for 48 hours or more excluding the day of the

shift on which the accident occurred.

Dangerous Occurrence

An unplanned event, whether or not it is attended by

personal injury or disablement, which results in

Bursting of a plant.

Collapse or failure of a crane,

Explosion or fire or bursting out, etc


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FREQUENCY RATE

FREQUENCY

RATE =

(FR)

Total No. of Reportable Accidents

-----------------------------------------------

Total Man hours Worked

x 10 6

Number of Reportable lost time injuries per

million manhours worked.

Indian Standard

OSHA StandardLost Time Injury Incidence Rate

It is the no of LTI cases per 2,00,000 manhours worked.


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SEVERITY RATE

SEVERITY RATE =(SR)

Man days lost due to Reportable accident

---------------------------------------------------Total Man hours Worked

x 106

Number of man days lost due to reportable lost

time injuries per million manhours worked.


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ACCIDENT RATE

ACCIDENT RATE=(AR)

FREQUENCY RATE X SEVERITY RATE

----------------------------------------------------------RISK INDEX*

* Risk Index:

Comparative Index of Hazard Rating.

Accident Rate is unique to ECC Division.


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INCIDENCE RATE

Ratio of number of reportable lost time injuries to the

number of persons during the period under review. It is

expressed as number of injuries per 1000 persons

employed.

INCIDENCE

RATE

Number of Reportable Lost Time Injuries X 1000

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Average Number of Persons Employed **

** TOTAL MANHOURS WORKED----------------------------------------WORKING DAYS /YEAR X 10 HOURS/DAY


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** TOTAL MANHOURS WORKED----------------------------------------

WORKING DAYS /YEAR X 10 HOURS/DAY

NO OF FATALITY X 100000-----------------------------

NO OF WORKMEN ENGAGED**

Fatality Rate =

FATALITY RATE

Uniformly followed by all countries.


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Benchmarking

Since fatality rate is the uniform index followed by all

countries it is used for benchmarking our safety

performance

Coun t ry Year FATR Year FATR

UK 1999 5.7 2001 5.3

Denm ark 2000 7 2001 5

Aus tral ia 1999 12 2002 5

Fran ce 1999 13.8 1999 13.8

USA 1999 14 2001 13

Japan 2000 16 2002 2

Italy 1998 24 2000 20

Canada 1999 32.9 2002 29.8

Singapore 1997 37.6 2002 20

ECCD Fatality Rate

(FATR)

2001 - 2002 : 27.07

2003 - 2004 : 25.99

Fatal i ty rates of var ious c ou ntr ies


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Injury & Illness

Records -

International Practice


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Work Related Injury & Illness

An injury or illness is considered work-related :

if an event or exposure in the work environmentcaused or contributed to the condition or

significantly aggravateda pre-existing condition.


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Recordable Cases

This includes,

death,

loss of consciousness,

days away from work,

restricted work activity or job transfer, medical treatment beyond first aid.


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Medical Treatment Case

Medical treatment includes managing and caring for

a patient for the purpose of combating a disease or

disorder which is beyond First Aid Treatment.


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Restricted Work Day Cases

Restricted work activity occurs when,

as the result of a work-related injury or illness,anemployer or health care professional keeps, or

recommends keeping,an employee from doing the

routine functions of his job or from working the full

workday that the employee would have beenscheduled to work before the injury or illness

occurred.


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Lost Time Injury Cases

This includes all injury or illness involving one or more

days* away from work.

It excludes the day, the injury occurred or the illnessbegan.

The number of days to be considered after the injury or

illness differs from country to country.

* As per OSHA regulations


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First id Cases

Incidents requiring only the following types of treatment

are considered as FIRST AID CASES. It includes

administering tetanus immunisations; cleaning, flushing, or soaking wounds on the skin surface;

using wound coverings, such as bandages,

BandAids, gauze pads, etc., or using SteriStrips or

butterfly bandages.

.. (set of defined conditions)


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INDIAN STANDARD

IS 3786 - 1983

Method for Computation of Frequency and Severity

Rates for Industrial Injuries and Classification of

Industrial Accidents


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Disablement

Partial Disablement Permanent Disablement

Permanent Partial

Disablement

Temporary Partial

Disablement


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Disablement

Partial Disablement:

This is of two types

disablement of a temporary nature which reduces the earning capacity in

any employment in which he was engaged.

disablement of a permanent nature, which reduces his earning capacity

every employment which he was capable of undertaking at the time of

employment.

Percentage loss of earning capacity differs by the body part injured and

given in IS.


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Disablement

Total Disablement:

disablement whether of a temporary or permanent nature, which

incapacitates a workman for all work which he was able to

perform at the time of the accident.

Percentage of the loss of earning capacity as specified in thepart against these injuries is 100%


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Analysis of

Accidents


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Classification of Accidents

Classification based on IS 3786 - 1983

agency,

unsafe mechanical or physical condition, unsafe act,

unsafe personal factor,

type of accident,

nature of injury,

location of injury.

As per IS 3786 - 1983

A l i f F li i 00 04 ( i )


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Analysis of Fatalities 00 - 04 (cause wise)

ELECTROCUTION

11

HIT BY OBJECT

2

RUNOVER

17

CAUGHT IN /

BETWEEN

8

CAVE IN

6

SLIPPED AND

FELL

2

OTHERS

3

FALL OF OBJECT

13

ALL FROM

HEIGHT

38


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HELPER

40%

RIGGER

13%

SKILLED

4%

ENGINEER

3%

SEMI SKILLED

3%

WELDER

3%

GRINDER

2%

OPERATOR /

DRIVER

2%

MASON

2% SECURITY GUARD

1%

CARPENTER

4%

FITTER

7%

MATE /

SUPERVISOR /

FOREMAN

6%

KHALASI

10%


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20-24

33%

25-29

27%

30-34

16%

35-39

10%

40-44

5%

45-49

5%

50-55

4%

20-2425-29

30-3435-3940-44

45-4950-55


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0001-

04000401-

08000801-

10001001-

12001201-

14001401-

16001601-

18001801-

20002001-

2400

S1

5.44%

4.08%

12.93%

5.44%

15.65%

20.41%21.09%

12.93%

2.04%0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

8 FATALITIES - ANALYSIS BY MONTH OF OCCURENCE8


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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR

2000-

2001

2001-

2002

2002-

2003

2003-

2004

Average

FATALITIES ANALYSIS BY MONTH OF OCCURENCE

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR


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Any Questions ?


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