Contents 1 Preludes 3 2 A Mathematical Toolbox 4 ... 6 In terms graphical representations, how do...

Contents

1 Preludes 3

2 A Mathematical Toolbox 4

3 Kinematics I: Motion in 1D 5

4 Kinematics II: Motion in 2 & 3D 6

5 Newton’s Laws of Motion 7

6 The Gravitational Force & Field 8

7 Hooke’s Force Law & SHO 9

8 Work, Energy, & the CWE Theorem 10

9 Impulse, Momentum, & Collisions 11

10 Spin & Orbital Motion 12

11 Solids & Fluids 13

12 Waves 13

13 Temperature, Heat Transfer, & the 1st Law of Thermodynamics 14

14 Kinetic Theory 14

15 The 1st Law of Thermodynamics 15

16 Electric Charges, Electric Forces, & The Electric Field 16

17 Electric Potential Energy & Electric Potential 18

18 Circuit Elements, Independent Voltage Sources, & Capacitors 19

19 Electric Current, Resistance, & DC Circuit Analysis 20

20 Magnetic Forces & Magnetic Field 21

21 Faraday’s Law of EM Induction 22

22 Sinusoidal AC Circuit Analysis 22

23 Geometric Optics 23

24 Physical Optics 24

1

25 The Special Theory of Relativity 24

26 An Introduction to Modern Physics 25

27 An Introduction to QM 251

1 c©µβc Mesut Bahadır Cakır

2

1 Preludes

Read/skim the chapter.Read the summary.

I Read the chapter carefully.

II Answer these questions as you read the chapter

1 What is the relation between Physics and Natural Philosophy?What is the language(s) of physics?

2 What is Classical, what is Modern Physics?

3 What is the difference between kinematics and dynamics?

4 Why do we need units of measurements?

5 What is the meaning of dimension in physics? What is the relation between spanning vectors anddimensions?

6 What is an ”order of magnitude estimation”? Why is it useful, if it is?

7 What is the difference between precision and accuracy? Which is better and when?

III Do each example the BBR style.

IV Do the problems: 4, 9, 10, 14, 17, 18, 26, 29, 31, 32, 37, 38, 42, 48, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 69,71, 74

V Complete the Investigative Projects A.3 and B. 12, 13

Related in- & out-of-class activities

µ Lecture, Question & Answer, Inquiry & Discovery, Deduction & Induction

β Discussion

c Problem solving sessions individually and collectively

λ Measurement and estimation

εδ How to estimate the mass of an object. Estimate the size and mass of the moon, earth, and sun

λ = Labs, experimentsεδ = Experiment designs by students

c©µβc Mesut Bahadır Cakır

3

2 A Mathematical Toolbox




1 What is a scalar, what is vector?What is the difference and the similarity between the two?

2 What is the parallel transportation of a vector?

3 What are the addition, subtraction, multiplication, division rules involving vectors?

4 How do you determine if a physical quantity is a scalar, vector, or pseudo-vector (axial-vector)?

5 What is the meaning of dimension in physics? What is the relation between spanning vectors anddimensions?

6 Use vector algebra to derive the laws of cosines and sines.

7 Use vector algebra and calculus to deduce the area and circumference of a circle, the area and volumeof a sphere, cylinder, parallelogram, etc.


IV Do the problems: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 38, 39, 41, 43, 46, 49, 56,58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 67, 68, 69

V



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3 Kinematics I: Motion in 1D




1 What is the physical meaning of position, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration in 1D?

2 What are the similarities and differences among these concepts in 1D?

3 What is average speed, velocity, acceleration?

4 What is instantaneous speed, velocity, acceleration?

5 What are the similarities and differences among these concepts?

6 In terms graphical representations, how do you obtain acceleration from v vs t graph, velocity fromr vs t graph?

7 In terms graphical representations, how do you obtain displacement from v vs t graph, velocity froma vs t graph?


IV Do the problems: 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 21, 27, 28, 33, 35, 37, 41, 46, 49, 51, 55, 59, 60, 63, 64, 68, 70,71

V Do the Investigative Projects A.3, 4, B.5, 6, 7, 10.



β Discussion


λ Free fall from the bleachers

εδ Reaction time, measuring unknown acceleration

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4 Kinematics II: Motion in 2 & 3D




1 What is the physical meaning of position, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration in 2and 3 D?

2 What are the similarities and differences among these concepts in 2 and 3 D?

3 What is average speed, velocity, acceleration in 2 and 3 D?

4 What is instantaneous speed, velocity, acceleration in 2 and 3 D?

5 What are the similarities and differences among these concepts in 2 and 3 D?

6 In terms graphical representations, how do you obtain acceleration from v vs t graph, velocity fromr vs t graph in 2 and 3 D?

7 In terms graphical representations, how do you obtain displacement from v vs t graph, velocity froma vs t graph in 2 and 3 D?

8 What is relative velocity and how do you obtain it in 2 and 3 D?

9 What are the similarities and differences between linear motion in 1D and uniform circular motion?

10 What is angular velocity and how is it related to linear velocity?

11 Use the relationships among θ, r, v, and a to obtain an expression for the centripetal acceleration interms of v and r.

12 What is centripetal, tangential, angular acceleration?What are the similarities and differences among these and how are they related to each other if theyare?

13 In what way are the expressions for linear and angular quantities similar and different?Why should this be so?


IV Do the problems: 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 33, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 47, 48, 54, 56, 63, 65, 73,75, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87

V Do the Investigative Projects A.3, B.4, 6.

Related class activities


β Discussion


λ Addition of Vectors, Projectile Motion

εδ Relative velocity

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5 Newton’s Laws of Motion




1 What are the fundamental particles that make up our universe according to the Standard Model?

o What particles are most things made of?

2 What are the fundamental interactions that shape our universe according to the Standard Model?

o Which interactions are responsible for holding the nuclei together?

o Which interactions are responsible for solar energy?

o Which interactions are responsible for the nuclear energy humans utilize?

o Which interactions are responsible for holding the planets and stars together?

o Which interactions are responsible for holding our bodies or objects together?

o Which interactions are responsible for friction between objects?

3 How are fundamental forces mediated among particles?

4 State Newton’s ThreeLaws

o as concise mathematical statements

o as concise verbal statements

o as concise visual statements graphically

o in your words as you understand them

5 What are the limits of applicability of Newton’s Laws of Motion?

6 In general terms, what would be an action-reaction force pair, what would not be? In other words,what makes a force pair an action-reaction pair and what does not?

6 Is force a vector or a scalar quantity? Justify your answer.


IV Do the problems: 4, 9, 12, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 34, 37, 42, 47, 49, 50, 56, 61, 65, 67,68, 70, 78, 81, 83, 84, 86

V Do the Investigative Projects A.2, B.5, 6.



β Discussion


λ Atwood’s Machine, Testing Newton’s 2nd Law, Object on an incline

εδ How to determine µk and µs

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6 The Gravitational Force & Field




1 Use your knowledge of circular motion together with Newton’s 2nd law to deduce the 1/r2 behaviorof the gravitational force.

2 Use Gauss’ law to derive an expression for the gravitational field and force.

3 Use your knowledge of circular motion and gravitational force to obtain a relationship between theperiod of satellite and the radius of motion, also known as Kepler’s 3rd law of planetary motion.

4 State Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and describe how they are related to various concepts ofphysics, such as angular momentum.





5 What is a field as in interactions of physics? What is the gravitational field?

6 What is the flux of a vector field?

7 What is the source of gravitational field and force? What is gravitational field?









IV Do the problems: 13, 14, 18, 20, 22, 51, 66, 67,68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 76

V Do the Investigative Projects A.3, 4, B.6, 7.



β Discussion


λ Circular Motion

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7 Hooke’s Force Law & SHO




1 What do you think is the source of Hooke’s-law-like force at the macroscopic scale?

2 What is an SHO? What is SHM?

3 Use dimensional analysis to obtain the angular velocity of a pendulum and a spring-mass system interms of the relevant physical quantities. Use our result to obtain the period of oscillation for thesessystems.

4 How do you determine if an oscillation is a SHO?

5 Use SHM methods for a planet-satellite system to obtain an expression for the period of motion interms of the relevant physical quantities.

6 What is resonance frequency?


IV Do the problems: 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 23, 24, 3, 33, 39, 40, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 57, 60, 62, 64,68, 70

V Do the Investigative Projects B.4



β Discussion


λ The pendulum, the spring-mass system

εδ How to measure time using a SHM.

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8 Work, Energy, & the CWE Theorem




1 What are work and energy from a macroscopic and microscopic perspective?

2 Are work and energy vector or scalar quantities? Justify your answer.

3 What is the relation between force and work from a geometric and mathematical perspective?

4 What are conservative and nonconservative forces? What is the relationship between them andpotential energy?

5 What is power and how is it related to work, energy, and force?

6 Under what conditions can CoE be used?


IV Do the problems: 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52, 53,54, 58, 61, 62, 67, 71, 72, 73, 78, 79, 80, 83

V Do the Investigative Projects B.6, 7.



β Discussion


λ Atwood’s Machine revisited. Projectile motion revisited. The pendulum. Inclined surfaces.

εδ How to determine µk and µs using CWE.

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9 Impulse, Momentum, & Collisions




1 What kind of physical quantity is momentum, vector or scalar? Justify your answer.

2 State Newton’s ThreeLaws in terms momentum





3 How do rockets travel in empty space with nothing to push against?

4 Under what conditions can one use conservation of momentum to solve physics problems?

5 What is impulse and how is it related to momentum?

6 What is center of mass? How is it related to the total momentum of a system or particles?

7 What kind of physical quantity is center of mass, vector or scalar? Justify your answer.


IV Do the problems: 6, 9, 13, 16, 17, 20, 22, 24, 28, 29, 31, 32, 35, 37, 38, 42, 51, 52, 52, 54, 56, 57, 58, 63,64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71

V Do the Investigative Projects B.3, 5, 7.



β Discussion


λ Elastic and inelastic collisions. Ballistic Pendulum

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10 Spin & Orbital Motion




1 What kind of physical quantity is angular momentum, vector or scalar? Justify your answer.

2 What kind of physical quantity is torque, vector or scalar? Justify your answer.

3 State Newton’s Three Laws for rotational dynamics in terms of angular acceleration as well as angularmomentum





4 How are rotational quantities related to linear quantities?

5 Under what conditions can one use conservation of angular momentum to solve physics problems?

6 What is moment of inertia?

7 What is rotational impulse and how is it related to angular momentum?

8 What does it mean to roll without slipping, with slipping? During which motion no work is doneby friction? If no work is done during rolling without slipping, how can an object start moving orrolling from rest? What does the required work in that case?

9 What is the parallel axis theorem?

10 Which rolls down an incline faster, liquid or frozen can of juice? Justify your answer.


IV Do the problems: 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 32, 33, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47,48, 51, 55, 60, 67, 69, 72, 74, 76, 77, 79

V Do the Investigative Projects B.3, 5, 7.



β Discussion


λ Elastic and inelastic collisions in rotational dynamics. Ballistic pendulum revisited. Projectile motionrevisited.

εδ How to determine the moment of inertia of an object. How to determine coefficient of friction usingrotational mechanics.

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11 Solids & Fluids




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IV Do EOO problem (2n+1)

V



β Discussion


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12 Waves




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13 Temperature, Heat Transfer, & the 1st Law of Thermodynamics




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14 Kinetic Theory




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15 The 1st Law of Thermodynamics




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16 Electric Charges, Electric Forces, & The Electric Field




1 What is the source of electric field and force? What is electric field?

2 What is similar between gravity and electricity, what is different?

3 Use Gauss’ law to derive an expression for the electric field and Coulomb’s force law for a point-likecharge distribution.

4 What is charge quantization? What other quanta are you familiar with?

5 What information do electric field lines provide?

6 What is an electric dipole?

7 What is electric flux?

8 Use Gauss’ law to derive an expression for the electric fields created by the following charge distri-butions, stating clearly at each step what assumptions you are making,

o Point

o Plane

o Spherical

o Cylindrical

o Line









IV Do the problems: 6,10, 15, 17, 20, 22, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35, 39, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 64,65, 66, 70, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80

V Do the Investigative Projects A.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, B.9, 10, C.13.



β Discussion

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λ Static electricity

εδ How to determine the charge of packing peanuts.

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17 Electric Potential Energy & Electric Potential




1 What is the difference between the electric PE and and potential?

2 Can define the equivalent of electric potential for gravity?

3 What kind of quantities are electric PE and potential, vector or scalar? Justify your answer.

4 What is the relation between electric PE, potential and electric field, force?

5 What is the relation between electric field lines and electric potential lines?

6 What is an equipotential line, surface?

7 For a conductor, where do electric charges go and why?

8 Use Gauss’ law and the relation between electric field and potential to derive an expression for theelectric potential created by the following charge distributions, stating clearly at each step whatassumptions you are making,

o Point

o Plane

o Spherical

o Cylindrical

o Line


IV Do the problems: 5, 6, 8,12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46,49, 52, 55, 57, 60, 64, 65, 67, 70

V Do the Investigative Projects A.3, 4, 5, B.6.



β Discussion


λ Electric potential

εδ

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18 Circuit Elements, Independent Voltage Sources, & Capacitors




1 What is a junction, node, loop?

2 How do you determine if connections are in series, parallel, or neither?

3 What kind of quantity is electric capacitance, vector or scalar? Justify your answer.

4 Use Gauss’ law and the relation involving electric field, potential, and capacitance to derive an expres-sion for the capacitance of the following arrangements, stating clearly at each step what assumptionsyou are making,

o Parallel plates

o Two co-centric spherical shells

o Two co-centric cylindrical shells

5 Determine the equivalent capacitance of n capacitors connected in (i) series (i) parallel.

6 Calculate the energy stored in a capacitor.

7 How do dielectrics affect the capacitance, electric potential, electric field in capacitors?


IV Do the problems: 2, 5, 11,12, 14, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39,44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 53, 54, 57

V Do the Investigative Projects B.5.



β Discussion


λ Charging and discharging capacitors.

εδ How to determine the capacitance of an element.

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19 Electric Current, Resistance, & DC Circuit Analysis




1 What is electric current?

2 Start with the relation between voltage and electric field to derive a relationship between the voltageand the current, that is, obtain the Ohm’s law.

3 Determine the equivalent capacitance of n resistors connected in (i) series (i) parallel.

6 Calculate the power dissipated in a resistor.

7 What are Kirchhoff Laws?

8 What conservation law (i) KVL (ii) KCL correspond to? Justify your answer.

9 In a drawing show how voltmeters, ammeters, multimeters should be connected to measure resistance,current, and voltage of an element.


IV Do the problems: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49, 53,57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75

V Do the Investigative Projects A.5, 11, B.14, 15, 16.



β Discussion


λ DC Circuits with batteries and resistors. Testing Ohm’s law. Testing KVL and KCL

εδ How to determine the intrinsic time scale of an RC circuit. How to use intrinsic time scale of an RCcircuit to measure time.

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20 Magnetic Forces & Magnetic Field




1 What are the sources of magnetic fields and forces?

2 Can you use Gauss’ law to calculate magnetic fields and forces? Justify your answer.

3 What is Lorentz Law?

4 What is a velocity selector, a mass spectrometer, the Hall effect? How do they work?

5 What work is done by magnetic forces on a charge moving under the effect of magnetic forces?

6 What is the magnetic dipole moment?

7 What is the torque equal to on a magnetic dipole in magnetic field? What is its potential energy?

8 What is the Biot-Savart Law?

9 What is the Ampere-Maxwell Law?








11 If magnetic forces do not do work on a moving charge, how can they be responsible for frictionalforces?


IV Do the problems: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 17, 18, 20, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 49, 50,53, 57, 59, 62, 64, 66, 67, 70, 72, 73

V Do the Investigative Projects A.1, 3, B.10, 13.



β Discussion


λ Effect of magnetic field on moving objects.

εδ How to build an electromagnet. How to test Lorentz’ and Ampere’s laws.

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21 Faraday’s Law of EM Induction




1 What is Faraday’s law of em induction?

2 What is induced emf?

3 Calculate the magnetic flux through an ac generator and the induced emf.

5 Summarize the Maxwell equations of em and explain their physical meanings.

6 What actually are em waves?

7 Calculate the equivalent inductance of n inductors connected in (i) series (ii) in parallel. Are theseexpressions similar to resistors or capacitors? Explain the physical reason behind this.

8 Use Ampere’s law to calculate the magnetic field flux due to a current carrying wire. Use this resultto calculate the inductance.


IV Do the problems: 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 18, 22, 24, 27, 29, 33, 34, 35, 38, 42, 44, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56

V Do the Investigative Projects B.6, 7, 8



β Discussion


λ Electronic SHO.

εδ How to test Faraday’s law. How to measure time using RLC and LC circuits.

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22 Sinusoidal AC Circuit Analysis




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23 Geometric Optics




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24 Physical Optics




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25 The Special Theory of Relativity




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26 An Introduction to Modern Physics




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27 An Introduction to QM




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Contents 1 Preludes 3 2 A Mathematical Toolbox 4 ... 6 In terms graphical representations, how do...

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Transcript of Contents 1 Preludes 3 2 A Mathematical Toolbox 4 ... 6 In terms graphical representations, how do...