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•POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED

•NEW GOVERNMENT WAS TESTED

•LOUISIANA PURCHASE

•WAR OF 1812

•WESTWARD EXPLORATION

•NATIVE AMERICAN REMOVAL

•MANIFEST DESTINY

•WAR OF 1848

•NEW TERRITORIES

•CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH

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POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED

FEDERALIST(mostly northerners)

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN(Southern)

LED BY ALEXANDER HAMILTON LED BY THOMAS JEFFERSON

STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT STRONG STATE GOVERNMENTS

LOOSE INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION

STRICT INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION

NATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICIES LIMITED INVOLVEMENT IN ECONOMICS BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

SUPPORT BRITISH SUPPORT FRENCH

MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS ESPECIALLY FROM NEW ENGLAND

FARMERS, TRADERS, PLANTATION OWNERS FROM RURAL AND FRONTIER

AREAS

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AS THE FIRST SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY ALEXANDER HAMILTON WAS FACED WITH FOREIGN DEBT, DOMESTIC DEBTS TO SOLDIERS, AND STATE DEBTS. DUE TO THE

DIFFERING ECONOMIC CLIMATE IN EACH STATE IT WAS DIFFICULT TO CREATE A PLAN THAT BENEFITED ALL SINCE SOME HAD NO DEBT WHILE OTHERS WERE DEEPLY IN

DEBT. JEFFERSON HELPED WITH A COMPROMISE THAT WOULD SATISFY ALL: THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

PAID FOR ALL DEBTS AND THE CAPITAL WAS MOVED TO THE

SOUTH. HAMILTON CREATED THE NATIONAL BANK TO STANDARDIZE A NATIONAL

CURRENCY

FIRST TREASURY BUILDING IN PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

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SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY HAMILTON PROPOSED A FEDERAL

EXCISE TAX ON WHISKEY. HE WANTED TO RAISE MONEY FOR THE GOVERNMENT AS WELL AS

TEST THE GOVERNMENT'S ABILITY TO TAX. IT ESPECIALLY EFFECTED

FARMERS IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA WHO REFUSED TO

PAY THE TAX AND EVENTUALLY THE SITUATION ESCALATED INTO VIOLENCE. IN 1794 A FEDERAL

ARMY WAS SENT TO DEAL WITH THE PROTESTORS WHO

SURRENDERED IN THE FACE OF FEDERAL FORCE. THIS EVENT

PROVED THAT THE NEW GOVERNMENT WOULD BE ABLE TO DEAL WITH CRISIS SITUATIONS IN A TIMELY AND ORDERLY FASHION.

The First REAL Big TEST OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT: WHISKEY REBELLION

PENNSYLVANIA

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JOHN ADAMS, PRESIDENT 1796-1800

FEDERALIST

SIGNED INTO LAW ALIEN ACT WHICH GAVE HIM THE POWER TO DEPORT ALIENS OR “DISLOYAL” FOREIGN-BORN RESIDENTS DURING THE WAR BETWEEN EUROPEAN POWERS

SIGNED INTO LAW THE SEDITION ACT WHICH MADE IT A CRIME TO “WRITE, PRINT, UTTER, OR PUBLISH…ANY FALSE, SCANDALOUS, AND MALICIOUS WRITING” ABOUT THE PRESIDENT OR THE GOVERNMENT

SERVED ONE TERM

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JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY: THOMAS JEFFERSON 1801-1809

ELECTION OF 1800 SPURRED THE 12TH AMENDMENT WHICH REQUIRED SEPARATE BALLOTS FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

Jeffersons theory of Government

• Called Jeffersonian Democracy– People should control gov. – Tried to reduce gov to cut costs

• Smaller military• Eliminating internal taxes

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THE LOUISIANA TERRITORYINCLUDED PARTS OF LOUISIANA, ARKANSAS, MISSOURI,

IOWA, MINNESOTA, NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, NEBRASKA, KANSAS, OKLAHOMA, COLORADO, WYOMING,

TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, AND MONTANA

The Purchase 1803

• Napoleon sold for 15 Million

• To reduce his war debt

• 524,800,000 acres(640 acres in a square mile)= .03 cents an acre

• 820,000 sq. miles = $18.29 (approx.) per sq. mile

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EXPLORING THE NEW LANDS

PRESIDENT JEFFERSON SENT MERIWETHER LEWIS AND WILLIAM CLARK ON A JOURNEY OF DISCOVERY TO MAP AND INVESTIGATE

ON THE NEW WESTERN LANDS

CONFIDENTIAL LETTER FROM PRESIDENT JEFFERSON TO LEWIS AND CLARK ON THE

PURPOSE OF THEIR EXPLORATORY JOURNEY

MAP THEY TOOK WITH THEM

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MAP OF LEWIS AND CLARK’S JOURNEY OF EXPLORATION

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WHAT DID LEWIS AND CLARK ACCOMPLISH?

THE EXPEDITION’S MAIN GOAL WAS TO FIND AN ALL-WATER ROUTE ACROSS THE CONTINENT. EVEN THOUGH THE WATER ROUTE WAS NEVER FOUND IT HAD A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE

FUTURE COURSE OF U.S. HISTORY. THE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION RETURNED SHOWED THE GREAT POTENTIAL OF THE CONTINENT AND SET THE STAGE FOR INCREASED EXPLORATION,

TRADE, SETTLEMENT AND ANNEXATION.

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WILLIAM ASHLEY, A ST. LOUIS TRADER, PLACED AN ADVERTISEMENT IN THE ST. LOUIS GAZETTE (1822) ASKING FOR "ONE HUNDRED ENTERPRISING YOUNG MEN" TO JOIN HIM IN A TRAPPING AND TRADING VENTURE IN THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI

WEST. THIS SIGNALED THE BEGINNING OF THE "MOUNTAIN MAN ERA." ($200 IN 2003 DOLLARS WOULD BE WORTH $2637.00)

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THEY WERE FUR TRAPPERS WHO VENTURED INTO THE RUGGED, UNCIVILIZED ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION OF NORTH AMERICA IN SEARCH OF

BEAVER AND OTHER FUR BEARING ANIMALS. AFTER THE BEAVER WERE NEARLY EXTERMINATED AND THE FUR HAT WENT OUT OF STYLE MANY

REMAINED IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND GREAT PLAINS. THEY BECAME EXPLORERS, GUIDES AND EVEN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.

WHO WERE THE MOUNTAIN MEN AND WHAT DID THEY DO?

THE MOUNTAIN MEN BECAME NATIONAL HEROES. THERE WAS

GREAT INTEREST IN THEIR ADVENTURES AND EXPLOITS.

Fur Trappers in this area

• Jim Bridger• Peter Skeen Ogden• Jeremiah “Liver

Eating” Johnson

• Marriage• Rendevoux• Indians• Life span

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Marbury Vs. Madison

• A few days before Thomas Jefferson’s inauguration, outgoing President Adams Appointed William Marbury to be Justice of Peace. Jefferson’s new Secretary of State said “NOPE”. Marbury asked the Supreme Court to force him in.

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WAR OF 1812

DURING THE EUROPEAN WARS THE UNITED STATES HAD MANAGED TO REMAIN NEUTRAL EVEN THOUGH EUROPEAN

NATIONS HAD SEIZED AMERICAN SHIPS WITH SUPPLIES AND THE BRITISH HAD “IMPRESSED” AMERICAN CITIZENS ONBOARD

(FORCED FIGHTING IN THEIR MILITARY). THE CONGRESS IN 1811 WAS DIVIDED OVER WHETHER OR NOT TO ENTER WAR AGAINST GREAT BRITAIN. THE WESTERNERS LIVING IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION WERE CONVINCED THE BRITISH WERE HELPING NATIVE

AMERICANS EXPAND ATTACKS AGAINST THEM,

ULTIMATELY THE WAR HAWKS NEGOTIATED A DEAL WITH MADISON WHERE THEY GUARANTEED HIM SUPPORT IN THE UPCOMING

ELECTION AND HE AGREED TO ASK FOR A DECLARATION OF WAR.

The War of 1812

• American military was not prepared• British sacked D.C. and burned it.• Americans turned tide of war with a victory

at the Battle of New Orleans• Lasted till 1815 with U.S. winning

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Consequences

• Federalist Party disappeared (those who opposed the war)

• Encouraged growth of manufacturing in U.S.

• Confirmed that U.S. was free and independent

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JAMES MONROE, PRESIDENT 1817-1825

MOVED INTO THE NEWLY RESTORED WHITE HOUSE THAT HAD BEEN BURNED BY THE BRITISH IN THE WAR OF 1812

OBTAINED FLORIDA FROM SPAIN

NEGOTIATED A BOUNDARY LINE WITH CANADA (49th parallel)

THE MONROE DOCTRINE

The Monroe Doctrine

• When Napoleon was defeated, Portugal and Spain wanted their land back. Russia was also staking claim.

• U.S. was being surrounded• Doctrine states:

– All European Powers shall not create new colonies or try to overthrow existing ones. To do so would be an act of war

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The Missouri Compromise

• American politics was continuing to split nation.

• 1818 settlers in Missouri wanted to be admitted as a state in Union.– Issue was to decide if it should be a slave

state or not.– Only be allowed in if Maine could enter as a

free state– WHY?

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JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY: ANDREW JACKSON 1829-1837

WAR HERO FROM THE WAR OF 1812

At age of 13 fought in Revolutionary War. (OLD HICKORY)

No college education

Slave holder

Sought to give the common people a chance to participate in gov.

Spoils System-new administrations hire their own supporters

Giving jobs to friends and whoever gives you most money

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NATIVE AMERICAN REMOVAL, 1830sTHE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT WAS PASSED MAY 1830 AFTER HEATED

AND BITTER ARGUMENTS IN

CONGRESS. THIS LAW MOVED MOST OF THE NATIONS OF TRIBES IN THE EASTERN PORTION OF THE UNITED STATES

INTO “INDIAN COUNTRY”, WHICH

TODAY IS OKLAHOMA. THE MOST TRAGIC

REMOVAL INVOLVED THE CHEROKEE WHO TRIED TO FIGHT IT IN COURT, HOWEVER THEY WERE FORCED THE DEPART

THEIR LAND. THOUSANDS DIED ON THE LONG JOURNEY

FROM WEATHER, STARVATION, AND

ILLNESS. THAT JOURNEY IS REMEMBERED AS THE

TRAIL OF TEARS.

Manifest Destiny

• U.S. was ordained to expand to the Pacific and into Mexican and Native American Territory.

• Reasons people moved:– Abundance of free and cheap land.– Personal economic problems

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MANIFEST DESTINY WAS THE BELIEF THAT THE U.S. HAD A GOD GIVEN MISSION TO SPREAD ITS CIVILIZATION BY CONQUEST TO THE ENTIRE WESTERN HEMISPHERE

NO MATTER WHO IT HARMED.

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REASONS FOR MANIFEST DESTINY

BELIEF THAT THE DEMOCRACY MUST CONTINUE TO GROW IN ORDER TO SURVIVE AND A DESIRE TO EXPAND THE BENEFITS OF AMERICANS

SOUTHERNERS WERE ANXIOUS TO ACQUIRE NEW LANDS FOR ADDITIONAL SLAVE STATES

A NEED TO DEVELOP NEW MARKETS MADE THE ACQUISITION OF THE PACIFIC PORTS A PRIORITY

FEAR THAT GREAT BRITAIN WOULD TRY AND BLOCK AMERICAN ANNEXATION OF TEXAS AND MIGHT EXPAND HER OWN HOLDINGS IN NORTH AMERICA