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PiXLIndependence:Physics–StudentBooklet

KS5

Topic-Measurementsandpracticalskills

Contents:

I. Level1-MultipleChoiceQuiz–20credits

II. Level2-5questions,5sentences,5words–10creditseach

III. Level3-PhysicsinTheNews–100credits

IV. Level4-ScientificPodcast–100credits

V. Level5-Videosummaries–50creditseach

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PiXLIndependence–Level1MultipleChoiceQuestions

ALevelPhysics–Measurementsandpracticalskills

1. Whichofthefollowingisnotabasequantity?a. Forceb. Lengthc. Quantityofmatterd. Temperature

2. Whichunitscanbeshownbydimensionalanalysistobeequivalentto1Newton?

a. kgms-1b. kgm2s-2c. kgms-2d. kgms2

3. Whichprefixcorrespondstothesmallestpoweroften?

a. microb. nanoc. picod. femto

4. HowmanyJoulesaretherein5kWh?

a. 1.8x107Jb. 5.0x107Jc. 3.6x106Jd. 1.8x106J

5. Whichvalueisthesameas650nm?

a. 6.5x10-9mb. 6.5x10-7mc. 65x108md. 65x109m

6. Whichtermcanbeusedtodescribeaprecisemeasurement?a. Repeatableb. Accuratec. Reproducibled. Valid

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7. Whatistheresolutionofastandardmetrerule?

a. 1cmb. 1mc. 1mmd. 1μm

8. Inaninvestigationintohowthetimeperiodsquaredvariedwithlengthofa

pendulumtherelationshipwassaidtofollowT2=4π2(l/g).

IfT2wasplottedontheyaxisandlength,lonthexaxis,whatisthegradientofthestraightline?

a. 4π2b. gc. 4π2/gd. 4π2(l/g)

9. Ifavoltmeterreads3.72Vwhatistheabsoluteuncertainty?

a. 0.01b. 0.001c. 0.05d. 0.005

10. Whatisthepercentageuncertaintyinthefollowingresultscollected?

1 2 3 avg

1.21 1.24 1.26

a. 4.0%b. 2.0%c. 0.5%d. 1.0%

11. Theresistanceofametalwirewasfoundbymeasuringthepotentialdifference,V

andcurrent,I.

HowwouldtheuncertaintyinRbefoundusingtheseresults?

a. AbsoluteuncertaintyinV÷absoluteuncertaintyinIb. AbsoluteuncertaintyinVxabsoluteuncertaintyinIc. AbsoluteuncertaintyinV+absoluteuncertaintyinId. AbsoluteuncertaintyinV-absoluteuncertaintyinI

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12. Theradiusofacircleisgivenas6.0+0.1cm.

Whatisthepercentageuncertaintyintheareaofthecircle?

a. 1.6%b. 0.016%c. 3.3%d. 0.033%

13. Whatistheprecisionofamicrometer?

a. 0.1mmb. 0.01mmc. 0.001mmd. 0.0001mm

14. Whatisthereadingonthemicrometer?

a. 11.03mmb. 11.97mmc. 11.42mmd. 11.43mm

15. WhatistheprecisiononaVerniercalliper?

a. 0.01mmb. 0.001mmc. 0.1cmd. 0.01cm

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16. WhatisthereadingontheconventionalVerniercalliper?

a. 7.70mmb. 6.67mmc. 7.70cmd. 6.67cm

17. Aballtakes10.0s+2%torolldowntheslope.

Whatistheabsoluteuncertaintyinthismeasurement?

a. 20sb. 2.0sc. 0.2sd. 0.02s

18. Acartravels522min37seconds.Calculatethecar’saveragespeed,givingyour

answertoanappropriatenumberofsignificantfigures.a. 14.11ms-1b. 14.1ms-1c. 14.0ms-1d. 14ms-1

19. ThemassoftheMoonis7.3x1016Gg.

Whatisthisinkg?

a. 7.3x1013kgb. 7.3x1019kgc. 7.3x1022kgd. 7.3x1028kg

20. Thecross-sectionalareaofawireis0.0079cm2.Convertthisintoanareainmm2

a. 0.0079mm2b. 0.079mm2c. 0.79mm2d. 7.9mm2

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PiXLIndependence–Level25questions,5sentences,5words

ALevelPhysics–Measurementsandpracticalskills

INSTRUCTIONS

• Foreachstatement,useeitherthesuggestedwebsiteoryourowntextbooktowritea5-pointsummary.Inexaminations,answersfrequentlyrequiremorethan1keywordforthemark,soaimtoincludeafewkeywords.

• Itisimportanttostickto5sentences.Itistheprocessofselectingthemostrelevantinformationandsummarizingit,thatwillhelpyourememberit.

• Writeconciselyanddonotelaborateunnecessarily,itishardertorememberandrevisefactsfromabiglongparagraph.

• Finally,identify5keywordsthatyoumayhavedifficultyrememberingandincludeabriefdefinition.Youmightliketoincludeaclipartstylepicturetohelpyourememberit.

Example:Baseandderivedunits

QUESTION: Whatarethe7basequantitiesandtheirunitsandhowareallotherunitsderivedfromthese?

Sources:

Website1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=remFanZq3x02. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNQAMAs4Q9I3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sb8cxC4lOy8&t=4s

1. Length,mass,time,electriccurrent,temperature,amountofsubstanceandluminousintensity2. Metres(m),kilogram(kg),second(s),Amperes(A),Kelvin(K),mole(mol)andCandela(Cd)3. Forthederivedquantitythatyouareinterestedin,considertheformulathatyourequiretocalculate

itsvalue.Forexample,speed=distance÷time4. Expresstheformulaspeed=distance÷timeintermsoftheunits,thereforemetres(m)÷seconds(s),

thederivedunitisthereforems-1.5. Somederivedunitshavetheirownnames.Forexample,kineticenergyEk=½mv2(½isunitless)and

thereforetheunitforenergyiskgm2s-2whichisequivalenttothejoule(J).Anotherexampleisthenewton(N)whichisderivedfromtheformulaF=maandequivalenttokgms-2.

SI–SystèmeInternationaleisaseriesofagreedstandardquantitiesandtheirunits

Basequantity–the7physicalquantitiesthatallotherquantitiescanbederivedfrom

Mole–Amoleistheamountofasubstancecontainingthesamenumberofatomsormoleculesasthereareatomsinexactly12gramsofcarbon-12

Electriccurrent–theflowofchargemeasuredinamperes(A)

1metre-thelengthofthepathtravelledbylightinvacuumduringatimeintervalof1/299792458ofasecond

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QUESTION1: Whataretheunitprefixesandhowdoyouconvertbetweenthem?

Sources:

Website1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fKBhvDjuy02. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4tA6Nt_iig3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4tA6Nt_iig

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QUESTION2: Whatareorderofmagnitudeestimationsandwhyaretheyuseful?

Sources:

Website1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YzvupOX8Is&t=181s2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gze6fdakGhs3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDzU536zXtg&t=1s

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QUESTION3: HowcanweuseVerniercalipersandamicrometerscrewgaugetomakeprecisemeasurementsoflength?

Sources:

Website–1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkPlzmalvN42. http://www.stefanelli.eng.br/en/virtual-vernier-caliper-simulator-05-millimeter/3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StBc56ZifMs

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QUESTION4: Howisabsolute,fractionalandpercentageuncertaintyfound?

Sources:

Website–1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJg8rb5n5a82. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dTn2pt5PuA3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNRp92jIq9s

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QUESTION5: Howdoyouplotagraph,findthegradientandyinterceptandfindtheuncertaintyinthelineofbestfit?

Sources:

Website1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luz27XsnLz42. http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/general_pages/plottinggraph.htm3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_qxohScVbk

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PiXLIndependence–Level3PhysicsinTheNews

ALevelPhysics–Measurementsandpracticalskills

FakenewsSensationalisednewsstorieshavebeenaroundforsometime,butwiththemassgrowthofsocialmedia,theproblemseemstohavegrowninrecentyears.Attheveryleast,theUSPresidentialelectionhascertainlyhighlightedtheimpactthatmisleadinginformationcanhave.www.tiny.cc/fakenews2Athome,theBrexitvotealsosufferedfromthecirculationofmisleadingnewsstorieswww.tiny.cc/fakenews3Therefore,theabilitytoidentifyrealinformation,trackitbacktothesourcearticleandmakeyourownjudgementisaveryimportantskill.Thisactivitywillhelpyoudevelopthatskill.

ScientistsatCERNbreakthespeedoflightNewsarticlehttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/8782895/CERN-scientists-break-the-speed-of-light.htmlDiscussionarticlehttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9100009/Scientists-did-not-break-speed-of-light-it-was-a-faulty-wire.htmlRealarticlehttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/nov/28/theory-challenging-einsteins-view-on-speed-of-light-could-soon-be-tested

Task1:Youneedtoproducea1pageessayon‘Whywasnewsofthespeedoflightbeingbrokensoastoundingandwhatwasresponsibleforthemiscalculation?’

Essaysection Activity

Introduction Whatledscientiststobelievetheyhadbrokentheuniversalspeedlimit?

Describe WhyistheuniversalspeedlimitofgreatimportancetothefundamentallawsofPhysics?

Explore Whatwasresponsibleforthemiscalculationandhowsmallwastheerror?

Evaluate Whatmeasureswillscientiststakeinthefuturetopreventfurthererrors?

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Theoryofgeneralrelativityproven100yearsafterEinstein’spredictionNewsarticlehttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/gravitaional-waves-albert-einstein-general-theory-of-relativity-a6867876.htmlDiscussionarticlehttps://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/science/ligo-gravitational-waves-black-holes-einstein.htmlRealarticlehttps://www.ligo.caltech.edu/news/ligo20160211

Task2:Youneedtoproducea1pageessayontheexistenceofgravitationalwavesandhowaretheyproofofEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativity

Essaysection Activity

Introduction WhatisEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativity?

Describe Whataregravitationalwavesandhowaretheydetected?

Explore Whatcosmologicaleventshavethewavesbeenusedtodetect?

EvaluateNowthatevidenceoftheexistenceofpairsofblackholeshasbeenobtained,whatarescientist’ssuggestingisresponsiblefortheirexistence?

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PiXLIndependence–Level4ScientificPodcast

ALevelPhysics–Measurementsandpracticalskills

INSTRUCTIONS

ScientificPodcastsThereareseveraltypesofevidenceyouwillbeaskedtoproduceatuniversity.Inadditiontothetraditionalessayandscientificposter,theuseofPodcastsisbecomingincreasinglycommon.Itisactuallyharderthanyouthinktoproduceashortconcise,detailedandaccuratepodcast,thereforethistaskwillhelpyougetaheadofthegamewhenyougettouniversity.CreatingyourPodcastTherearelotsofpiecesofsoftwaretocreatepodcastsandeditthem,however,theeasiestwouldbethevoicerecorderonyourphone,justcheckthatitrunsforlongenoughandyoucansaveitinasuitableformat,e.g.MP3beforeyoucompleteyourmasterpieceandfindyouneedtodoitagain!Alternatively,getsetupwithAudacitywhichisfreeandwillhelpyoufamiliarizeyourselfwithit.TheUniversityofSouthamptonhasproducedsomeexcellentguidanceoncreatingPodcasts,whichyoucanaccessatwww.tiny.cc/podcasts3andselecttheproducingacademicpodcastslink.Herearethreeofthekeytips:

1. Writeoutyourobjectiveandshareitatthestartofthepodcast.2. Giveitstructurelikeyouwouldinanessay3. Whilstitisimportanttoplanastructure,sometimesitishardertolistentosomeone

whoisreadingthansomeonewhoismorenaturallytalking,therefore,trytohaveanoutlineandallowsomenaturalspeech.

4. Thinkabouttherecording,pickaquietroomandspeakabitlouderthannormal.Doafewtrialrunsandcheckthequality.

ExamplesThenakedscientistsproduceaseriesofpodcasts(andisalsoareallyusefulwebsite).Checkoutanexampleaboutawhyrainbowsarecurvedhttps://tinyurl.com/ybnqa9kc

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Whatisthedifferencebetweenaccuracyandprecision?BackgroundThetermsaccuracyandprecisionareveryoftenconfused.Thisconfusioncanleadtolossofmarksinexaminationsandageneralconfusionwhenpeoplearereadingaboutscienceinthemedia.

Sourcearticles:https://sciencenotes.org/what-is-the-difference-between-accuracy-and-precision/https://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-s-the-difference-between-accuracy-and-precision-matt-anticoleTaskReadthearticlesonthedifferencebetweenaccuracyandprecisionthenproduceapodcastusingtheguidancebelow

ExplainExplainthemeaningsofthetermsaccuracyandprecisionandgiveexamplesofwherethesetermswouldbeusedcorrectly.

DescribeDescribethedifferencebetweenthetermsaccuracyandprecisionanduseananalogytohelptheaudienceunderstand.

DiscussGiveexamplesofwherethetermshavebeenusedincorrectlyandexplainhowtheexamplescouldbecorrected.

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PiXLIndependence–Level5Videosummaries

A-levelPhysics–Measurementsandpracticalskills

CornellNotesAtAlevelandUniversity,youwillmakelargeamountsofnotes,butthosenotesareonlyofuseifyourecordtheminasensibleway.OnesystemforrecordingnotesisknownastheCornellnotessystem.Thismethodencouragesyoutoselectrelevantinformation,ratherthantryingtowriteatranscriptofeverythingsaid.Moreimportantly,itforcesyoutospendafewminutesreviewingwhatyouhavewritten,whichhasbeenscientificallyproventoaidlearningandmemoryretention.Theidealistowriteeverythingononepage,butsomestudentsmayprefertotypeandotherswilltohandwritetheirnotes.Whicheveroptionyouuse,remembertheaimistosummariseandcondensethecontentwithafocusontheobjectivesthatyouaretryingtolearnandunderstand.TherearethreemainsectionstotheCornellnotes

1 Cue/Objectives–Thiscanbedonebeforeorafterthelecture.Youmayhavebeenprovidedwiththeobjectivesoryoumayneedtodecidewhattheywereoryoumaywanttomakethelinktoyourlearningifthisisanadditionaltaskorlectureyouareviewing,suchasthisvideo.

2 Notes–Inthisspaceyourecordconcisely,simplythethingsyouareLESSlikelyremember-TheNEWknowledge.

3 Summary–Themostimportantstepthatiscarriedoutafterthelectureorvideo.Thishelpstoreinforcelearning.

Background

Thefollowingshortvideoclipspresenttwotopicsthatlinktoyourlearning.Thefirstisonerrorsanduncertaintyandhowtocalculateandcombineuncertainties.Thesecondvideoisontheuseofsignificantfigures.

TakecareintheAQAspecificationtheabsoluteuncertaintyishalfofthesmallestincrementinthemeasuringdevice.Video1suggestsitisitisthesmallestincrementofthemeasuringdevice.

Sourcearticle:Video1-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T78cXi-72EgVideo2-http://www.bozemanscience.com/significant-digits

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Task:YouneedtoproduceasetofCornellnotesforthevideosgivenabove.Usethefollowingobjectivetoguideyournotetaking,thislinkstoyourlearning.

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Title:FindingtheabsoluteandpercentageuncertaintieswhenreadingfromameasuringdeviceorusingsignificantfiguresDate:

Summary:

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