1 Phylum Mollusca. 2 3 Numbers of species Echinodermata Ciliophora Chordata Mollusca Platyhelminthes...
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Transcript of 1 Phylum Mollusca. 2 3 Numbers of species Echinodermata Ciliophora Chordata Mollusca Platyhelminthes...
![Page 1: 1 Phylum Mollusca. 2 3 Numbers of species Echinodermata Ciliophora Chordata Mollusca Platyhelminthes Nematoda Porifera Annelida Other Apicomplex Sarcomastigophora.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081416/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66db/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca
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Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca
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Numbers of speciesNumbers of speciesNumbers of speciesNumbers of species
Echinodermata
Ciliophora
Chordata
Mollusca
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
PoriferaAnnelida
Other
Apicomplex
Sarcomastigophora
Arthropoda
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MolluscsMolluscs 50,000 -100,000 living 50,000 -100,000 living
speciesspecies 35,000 extinct species35,000 extinct species Largest = 1000 poundsLargest = 1000 pounds 80% less than 5 cm80% less than 5 cm Soft bodySoft body Most have a shellMost have a shell Most marineMost marine Snails terrestrialSnails terrestrial
Most habitatMost habitat
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Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca
Ventral FootVentral Foot LocomotionLocomotion
MantleMantle Encloses mantle cavityEncloses mantle cavity
ShellShell RadulaRadula Coelom (eucoelomate)Coelom (eucoelomate) MetanephridiaMetanephridia Open circulatory systemOpen circulatory system
Closed in cephalopodsClosed in cephalopods
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EconomicsEconomics
PearlsPearls Burrowing shipworms Burrowing shipworms Snails & slugsSnails & slugs
Garden pestsGarden pests FoodFood Intermediate hosts for Intermediate hosts for
parasitesparasites
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Trochophore LarvaTrochophore Larva Same type as Phylum Same type as Phylum
AnnelidaAnnelida
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MyxozoaMyxozoaMyxozoaMyxozoa
ArthropodaArthropodaArthropodaArthropoda AnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelida
MolluscaMolluscaMolluscaMollusca
LophophoresLophophoresLophophoresLophophores
HemichordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordata
VertebrataVertebrataVertebrataVertebrata
Other Other pseudocoelomatespseudocoelomates
Other Other pseudocoelomatespseudocoelomates
NematodaNematodaNematodaNematoda
PoriferaPoriferaPoriferaPorifera
CtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophoraCnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCnidaria
PlacozoaPlacozoaPlacozoaPlacozoa
PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesNemerteaNemerteaNemerteaNemertea
CiliophoraCiliophoraCiliophoraCiliophoraSarcomastigophoraSarcomastigophoraSarcomastigophoraSarcomastigophora
MicrosporaMicrosporaMicrosporaMicrosporaApicomplexaApicomplexaApicomplexaApicomplexa
MesozoaMesozoaMesozoaMesozoa
EchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermata
CrustaceaCrustaceaCrustaceaCrustaceaChelicerataChelicerataChelicerataChelicerata
UniramiaUniramiaUniramiaUniramia
Other ChordataOther ChordataOther ChordataOther Chordata
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Generalized MolluscGeneralized Mollusc
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Body PlanBody PlanBody PlanBody Plan
Mantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavity
CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium
Pericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity MetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridium
RadulaRadulaRadulaRadula
GonadGonadGonadGonad
Stomach and digestive glandStomach and digestive glandStomach and digestive glandStomach and digestive gland FootFootFootFoot
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Dorsal mantle Dorsal mantle covers the visceral covers the visceral mass.mass.
Dorsal mantle Dorsal mantle covers the visceral covers the visceral mass.mass.
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Secretes the shellSecretes the shellSecretes the shellSecretes the shell
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Ctenidium (Respiration)Ctenidium (Respiration)Ctenidium (Respiration)Ctenidium (Respiration)
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Complete digestive Complete digestive systemsystemComplete digestive Complete digestive systemsystem
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Paired ventral nerve Paired ventral nerve cordscordsPaired ventral nerve Paired ventral nerve cordscords
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RadulaRadulaRadulaRadula
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Source: From A Life of Invertebrates, Copyright © 1979 W. D. Russell-Hunter.
Radular Structure
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Coelom - metanephridiaCoelom - metanephridiaCoelom - metanephridiaCoelom - metanephridia
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1919
Class PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraChitonsChitons
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2020
Class PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora
Eight dorsal platesEight dorsal plates Reduced headReduced head Radula reinforced Radula reinforced
with ironwith iron Scrape algae from Scrape algae from
rocksrocks
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Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora
Mantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavityMouthMouthMouthMouth
CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium
FootFootFootFoot
AnusAnusAnusAnus
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Class PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora
MouthMouthMouthMouth
DigestiveDigestiveglandgland
DigestiveDigestiveglandgland
StomachStomachStomachStomach GonadGonadGonadGonadPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity
NephridiumNephridiumNephridiumNephridium
AnusAnusAnusAnus
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2323
Class BivalviaClass BivalviaClams, Oysters, ShipwormsClams, Oysters, ShipwormsClass BivalviaClass BivalviaClams, Oysters, ShipwormsClams, Oysters, Shipworms
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Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
Two shellsTwo shells Most are filter Most are filter
feedersfeeders No head or radulaNo head or radula Burrow Burrow
Sand, wood, rocksSand, wood, rocks
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2727
Giant Clam & Burrowing Giant Clam & Burrowing ClamClam
Siphon
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2828
Zebra MusselZebra Mussel
Environmental PestEnvironmental Pest Ballast water of ships Ballast water of ships
from Europe in 1986from Europe in 1986 Attack be secreting Attack be secreting
adhesive byssal adhesive byssal threadsthreads Each otherEach other Other musselsOther mussels Man made objectsMan made objects
Pipes, plumbingPipes, plumbing
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2929
Zebra MusselZebra Mussel
Live in high densitiesLive in high densities Feed on Feed on
phytoplanktonphytoplankton Reproduce rapidlyReproduce rapidly
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3030
Zebra MusselZebra Mussel
Attach to native Attach to native musselsmussels
Killed all native Killed all native mussels in Lake Eriemussels in Lake Erie
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3131
Distribution of Zebra Distribution of Zebra MusselMussel
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3232
Bivalve structuresBivalve structuresBivalve structuresBivalve structures
IncurrentIncurrentsiphonsiphonIncurrentIncurrentsiphonsiphon
CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium
ExcurrentExcurrentsiphonsiphonExcurrentExcurrentsiphonsiphon
HingeHingeHingeHinge
FootFootFootFoot
Labial palpLabial palpLabial palpLabial palp
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3333
Clam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity
HeartHeartHeartHeart
GonadGonadGonadGonadIntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine
StomachStomachStomachStomach IncurrentIncurrentIncurrentIncurrent
ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent
IntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine
MetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridium
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3434
Clam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomy
GonadGonadGonadGonadIntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine
StomachStomachStomachStomachIncurrentIncurrentIncurrentIncurrent
ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent
DigestiveDigestiveglandgland
DigestiveDigestiveglandgland
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3535
Clam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity
HeartHeartHeartHeart
IncurrentIncurrentIncurrentIncurrent
ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent
IntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine
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3636
Clam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity
HeartHeartHeartHeart
GonadGonadGonadGonad
IncurrentIncurrentIncurrentIncurrent
ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent
IntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine
MetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridium
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OystersOysters
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3838
Pearl formationPearl formation
Developing pearlDeveloping pearlDeveloping pearlDeveloping pearl
EpitheliumEpitheliumEpitheliumEpithelium
ShellShellShellShell
Irritant lodged between shell and mantle
Layers of nacre secreted around foreign material
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3939
ScallopsScallops
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ShipwormsShipworms
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Class GastropodaClass GastropodaSnails, Slugs, Conchs, Snails, Slugs, Conchs, LimpetsLimpets
Class GastropodaClass GastropodaSnails, Slugs, Conchs, Snails, Slugs, Conchs, LimpetsLimpets
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4242
Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda
One shell (if present)One shell (if present) Torsion of bodyTorsion of body
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4444
SnailSnail
TerrestrailTerrestrail Mantle cavity Mantle cavity
functions as lungfunctions as lung
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4545
SnailSnail
TentacleTentacle(Eye stalks)(Eye stalks)TentacleTentacle(Eye stalks)(Eye stalks)
TentacleTentacleTentacleTentacle
PneumostomePneumostomePneumostomePneumostome
AnusAnusAnusAnus
FootFootFootFootMouthMouthMouthMouth
Genital poreGenital poreGenital poreGenital pore
ShellShellShellShell
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Internal Structure of a Generalized Gastropod
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NudibranchNudibranch
No shellNo shell Dorsal projectionsDorsal projections
GillsGills Nematocyst dischargeNematocyst discharge
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4848
AbaloneAbaloneAbaloneAbalone
Several holes in top of shellSeveral holes in top of shell Excrete wasteExcrete waste
Food for manFood for man
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4949
SlugSlug
No shellNo shell Garden pestsGarden pests
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5050
LimpetLimpet
HerbivoresHerbivores Cling to rocks or other surfacesCling to rocks or other surfaces
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5151
ConchConch
Large shellLarge shell MarineMarine Many are predatorsMany are predators
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5252
Class CephalopodaClass CephalopodaSquids, Octopuses, Squids, Octopuses, NautilusesNautiluses
Class CephalopodaClass CephalopodaSquids, Octopuses, Squids, Octopuses, NautilusesNautiluses
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5353
Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda
Shell in squid and Shell in squid and octopus absent or octopus absent or vestigialvestigial
Jet propulsionJet propulsion Ink sacInk sac Foot modified into Foot modified into
arms and tentaclesarms and tentacles MarineMarine All predatorsAll predators
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5454
SquidSquidSquidSquid
DorsalDorsalVentralVentral
Posterior surfacePosterior surface
RightRight
LeftLeft
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5555
SquidSquidSquidSquid
FinFinFinFin
ArmArmArmArm
Funnel (siphon)Funnel (siphon)Funnel (siphon)Funnel (siphon)
EyeEyeEyeEye
TentacleTentacleTentacleTentacle
CollarCollarCollarCollar
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5656
SquidSquidSquidSquidShell (Pen)Shell (Pen)Shell (Pen)Shell (Pen)
CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium
FunnelFunnelFunnelFunnel
SystemicSystemicheartheartSystemicSystemicheartheart
Branchial heartBranchial heartBranchial heartBranchial heart
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5757
Squid MaleSquid MaleSquid MaleSquid MaleTestisTestisTestisTestis
Hectocotylous armHectocotylous armHectocotylous armHectocotylous arm
PenisPenisPenisPenis
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5858
Squid FemaleSquid FemaleSquid FemaleSquid Female
Ovary with eggsOvary with eggsOvary with eggsOvary with eggs
Nidamental glandsNidamental glandsNidamental glandsNidamental glands
Oviducal glandOviducal glandOviducal glandOviducal gland
Oviducal openingOviducal openingOviducal openingOviducal opening
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5959
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Cephalopod Eye
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6060
OctopusOctopus
Eight arms with Eight arms with suckerssuckers
Crawl or eject water Crawl or eject water from siphonfrom siphon
Change skin colorChange skin color chromatophoreschromatophores
Most intelligent Most intelligent invertebrateinvertebrate
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6161
NautilusNautilus
Up to 94 tentaclesUp to 94 tentacles No suckersNo suckers
Shell with many Shell with many chamberschambers Lives in outermost Lives in outermost
chamberchamber
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6262
AmmonoidsAmmonoids
ExtinctExtinct Devonian to Devonian to
CretaceousCretaceous 400 to 65 MYA400 to 65 MYA
Died out with Died out with dinosaursdinosaurs
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6363
Class ScaphopodaClass Scaphopoda
Tooth shellsTooth shells Shell opens on both Shell opens on both
endsends Burrow into mudBurrow into mud No gillsNo gills
Mantle for gas Mantle for gas exchangeexchange
Feed on detritus and Feed on detritus and protozoaprotozoa
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6464
Class ScaphododaClass ScaphododaClass ScaphododaClass Scaphododa
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6565
The EndThe End