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![Page 1: 1 Payment methods of health insurance system in Thailand Samrit Srithamrongsawat Health Insurance System Research Office Samrit.strsw@yahoo.co.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070323/56649d8c5503460f94a7463b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Payment methods of health insurance system in Thailand
Samrit Srithamrongsawat
Health Insurance System Research Office
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Outline of presentation
Overview of payment methods of the Thai health insurance schemes• Universal Coverage Scheme
• Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme
• Social Security Scheme
Effects of payment methods: the Thai experiences
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3
1945
2000
2001
Informal exemption
1980
1970
User fees
1-3rd NHP1962-76Provincial hospitals
Health Infrastructure
Thailand: historical development
1975LIC
1990
Establishment of prepayment schemes
Expansion of prepayment schemes
1980CSMBS
1983CHF
1990SSS
4th -5th NHP (1977-86) District hospitalsHealth centers
Universal Coverage
CSMBS
CSMBS
SSS
2001
Universal Coverage
SSS
LIC MWS 1994PVHI
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Coverage of health insurance: 1991-2003
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
1991 1996 2001 2003
UC
HC
MWS
other
PI
SSS
CSMBS
Source: HWS 1991, 1996, 2001, 2003
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Age distribution by insurance scheme
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
UC SSS CSMBS Total pop
60+
15-59
0-14
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Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS)
Nature Fringe benefits, tax-based system
Financing model Public reimbursement model
Beneficiaries Government workers, pensioners and their dependents (5.4 million)
Benefit package Comprehensive package including OP, IP, and private ward in public hospitals
Service providers Free choice of public facilities
Access to private hospitals only in case of emergency
Payment method Retrospective fee-for-services
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Social Security Scheme (SSS)Nature Social health insurance, compulsory contributions from
employer, employee, and the government
Financing model Public contracted model with both public and private hospitals
Beneficiaries Private employees (8.47 million)
Benefit package Comprehensive package including OP, IP, maternal care, dental care
Service providers Contracted public and private hospitals with 100-bed or above
Payment method Inclusive capitation
Additional payments for utilization rate, chronic conditions, fee schedule for high cost services, and fixed amount for AE, dental care, maternity
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Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS)Nature Entitlement, tax-based system
Financing model Public contracted model, capitation 1,899 THB in 2007
Beneficiaries Thai citizens uncovered by SSS and CSMBS (47 million)
Benefit package Comprehensive package including prevention and promotion services (PP) and accredited alternative medicines with an exclusion list of some services
Service providers Contracted public and private hospitals and requiring all hospital to establish one primary care unit (PCU) for every 10,000-15,000 registered population
Payment method OP,PP - Capitation
IP - DRG weighted global budget
A/E and HC OP – point system,
AE/HC IP –DRG weighted global budget
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Historical development: payment methods1991 Inclusive
capitation Mixed allocation
1993-4 Global budget
1995 Adjusted utilization
Fee-schedule: HC
1998 Per capita allocation
1999 Demand side Piloting DRG/ Capitation
DRG system for HC
2000 control
2001 Adjusted for risks
2002 Capitation and DRG weighted global budget
2005 Age-adjusted capitation
2006 Fee-schedule Performance-based payment
Year SSS CSMBS MWS Health Card Uninsured
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Aim and objectives of purchasing
To ensure good health
To solve health problems
Response to social expectation
To control cost
Ensuring good quality and efficient services are provided to beneficiaries
Aim
bjectives
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Payment methods and provider risk
Retrospective Full cost
Discount per diem
Hospital IP DRGs
IP and OP DRGs
Bundled Hospital -MD D
RGs
Full Capitation
Minimum MaximumProvider Risk
Per Discharged
Per member
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Payment & provider behavior
Prevent health problem
Deliver services
Responsiveness
Contain costs
Line item budget
+/ - - - + /- + + +
Global budget + + - - + /- + + +
Capitation + + + - - + + + + +
DRGs + /- + + + + + +
FFS + /- + + + + + + - - -
WHR 2000
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Effects of payment methods: the Thai experiences
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DALYs 1999: 2004Male Female
1999 2004 1999 2004
HIV/AIDS 960,087 641,000 372,974
293,000
Traffic accident 510,907 600,000 114,963
136,000
Stroke 267,567 300,000 280,673
302,000
Liver cancer 248,083 295,000 118,384
141,000
Diabetes 168,372 166,000 267,158
263,000
TB 93,695 89,000 60,643 61,000
Cataract 96,091 41,000
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Use of ambulatory care
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0-14 15-59 60+
UC
SSS
CSMBS
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0-14 15-59 60+
UC
SSS
CSMBS
Use of ill persons Use of ill persons covered by the scheme
Source: 2005 HWS
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Use of appointed services of patients with chronic conditions
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0-14 15-59 60+
UC
SSS
CSMBS
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0-14 15-59 60+
UC
SSS
CSMBS
Use services Take-up of benefits
Source: 2005 HWS
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Hospitalization
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0-14 15-59 60+
UC
SSS
CSMBS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0-14 15-59 60+
UC
SSS
CSMBS
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0-14 15-59 60+
UC
SSS
CSMBS
Being admitted
Take-up of benefits
Days of stay
Source: 2005 HWS
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0-14 15-59 60+
UC
SSS
CSMBS
Number of admission
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Responsiveness
0255075100
UC SSS CSMBS0255075100
UC SSS CSMBS
0255075100
UC SSS CSMBS0255075100
UC SSS CSMBS
Enabling access Equal treatment
Financial protection Prompt treatment*ABAC (2006)
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Responsiveness
0255075100
UC SSS CSMBS051015
UC SSS CSMBS
0255075100
UC SSS CSMBS0255075100
UC SSS CSMBS
Equal treatment* Financial difficulties*
Satisfaction ABAC (2006)
Good quality*
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FFS: CSMBS experiences
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
OP IP OP Pensioners IP Pensioners
Cabinet resolution, full pay for non ED, limit ceiling LOS of private R&B and stringent private admission
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SSS: Per capita expenditures 1998-2005
1,2791,392
1,523 1,5331,597 1,520
1,592
1,896
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
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UCS: approved capitation budget and estimated expenses 2002 - 2006
1202.4
1447
1202.4
1552
1308.5
1670
1396.3
17781659.2
1843.3 1899.7
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
approved estimated expense
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Conclusions
There were both improving and worsening health problems among Thai populations .
Provider’s bias in service provision was evident by insurance scheme, particularly for chronic conditions and hospitalization. Remaining issues of concern • Quality of medical are
• Outcome of treatment
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Conclusions
Health insurance systems in Thailand provide fairly responsiveness to their beneficiaries and need further improvement.
Close-end payment methods are more effective in controlling costs than open-end payment method.