1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.
-
date post
21-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
2
Transcript of 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.
![Page 1: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Partitions of Reality
Barry Smith
http://ontology. buffalo.edu
![Page 2: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472)
![Page 3: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Alberti (Medal)
![Page 4: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472)
architect and town planner
moral philosopher
cryptographer
painter
mathematician
Papal adviser and Doctor of Canon Law
land surveyor
![Page 5: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Della pittura 1435–36
![Page 6: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
The goal of the artist:
to produce a picture that will represent the visible world
as if the observer of the picture were looking through a window
![Page 7: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Panofsky:
one can properly speak of a perspectival intuition of space only wherea whole picture is as it were transformed into a “window” through which we should then believe ourselves to be looking into the space
![Page 8: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Alberti’
s Grid
c.1450
![Page 9: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
![Page 10: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
![Page 11: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Machines for seeingfor measuring the visible surfaces of external reality
‘reticolato’
‘grill’ (graticola)
‘veil’ (velo)
![Page 12: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Dürer’s treatise on
measurement
Underweysung der Messung (1527)
![Page 13: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Dürer
![Page 14: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
![Page 15: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15Artist’s Grid
transparent grid
![Page 16: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Practical problem of
perspective
solved by Brunelleschi in 1425
with painting of Baptistery of St. John in Florence
![Page 17: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
![Page 18: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Peepshow
![Page 19: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
![Page 20: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Theoretical problem of
perspectivesolved by Alberti in Book 1of Della pittura
The solution is captured in the diagram of the reticolato
… belongs to projective geometry
![Page 21: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
‘true’ or correct
perspective
= what is captured on a plane intersecting the visual pyramid
![Page 22: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Alberti influence on
Dürer
Piero della Francesca
Leonardo da Vinci
transformed painting in realist direction, freed European art from bad geometry
![Page 23: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Giotto
![Page 24: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Giotto
![Page 25: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Ideal City
![Page 26: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
The Flagellation
![Page 27: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
School of Athens
![Page 28: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
School of Athens
![Page 29: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
How, 1700 years after Euclid’s
geometry, did Alberti solve the
theoretical problem of linear
perspective ?
![Page 30: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Rediscovery of Ptolemy’s
Geographia (c. 140 A.D.)
Greek text arrived in Florence from Constantinople in 1400
Ptolemy used regular mathematical grid system to map the entire known world
![Page 31: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Florence by 1424 a center
of cartographic and
geographic study
commentaries on Florentine versions of the Geographia influenced Christopher Columbus
![Page 32: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Hecataeus 6th Century B.C:
![Page 33: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Ptolemaic World Map, J.
Scotus 1505
![Page 34: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Ptolemy’s grid system
transformed relationship between astronomy vs. sublunar physicsfor the first time made the world below susceptible to uniform mathematical treatment
![Page 35: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Ptolemaic World Map
12th-13th Century
![Page 36: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Ptolemaic World Map,
13th Century
![Page 37: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Ptolemaic World Map, J.
Scotus 1505
![Page 38: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Ptolemy‘s Regional World
Divisions
![Page 39: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Ptolemy’s grid system
not just mathematical regularity
also transparency
... the grid helps us to see the world aright
... it partitions reality
![Page 40: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Periodic Table
![Page 41: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Kansas
![Page 42: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Alberti extended Ptolemy’s
method to pictures
Ptolemy applied his perspective construction only in the construction of maps and in stage design
![Page 43: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
![Page 44: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Uccello: Gridded Challice c. 1450
![Page 45: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Alberti’s Ontology of
Painting
Two kinds or levels of matter
linked together by projective geometry
![Page 46: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Alberti’s Ontology of
Painting
1. the three-dimensional matter of the observable world (macrocosm)
composed of surfaces in three-dimensional reality
2. the two-dimensional matter of the painting (microcosm, simulacrum)
composed of marks on a flat plane
![Page 47: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Two kinds of matterthe two-dimensional matter of the painting exists in the form of an istoria
constructed out of points, lines and planes (marks)
grouped together to form limbs, bodies and groups of bodies
in a way that is analogous to the logical structure of words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs in a story
![Page 48: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
The artist’s job
is to project the objective array of planes into the microcosm of the painting in such a way as to achieve a maximally beneficial (moral) effect
![Page 49: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
Rules for manipulating
the elements of an istoriadignità
varietà
modestia
verisimilitudo
together with geometry, these four principles constitute the basis of a rational art
![Page 50: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
Leonardo:
Non mi legga chi non e matematico.
(‘Let no one read me who is not a mathematician.’)
![Page 51: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
![Page 52: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Rays of marvelous
subtletyqualities of color, shape and size of planes in the objective array are ‘measured with sight.’
rays that serve sight carry the form of the thing seen to the sense
‘by a certain marvelous subtlety’
they penetrate the air and ‘all thin and clear objects’
![Page 53: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Rays of marvelous
subtlety... until they strike against something
dense and opaque, where they strike with a point and adhere to the mark they make.
![Page 54: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
„Among the ancients there was no little dispute whether these rays come from the eye or the plane. This dispute is very difficult and is quite useless for us. It will not be considered.
„We can imagine those rays to be like the finest hairs of the head, or like a bundle, tightly bound within the eye where the sense of sight has its seat.“
Rays of marvelous
subtlety
![Page 55: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
Intromission vs. extromission
„The rays, gathered together within the eye, are like a stalk; the eye is like a bud which extends its shoots rapidly and in a straight line on the plane opposite.”
![Page 56: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Extromissionism
![Page 57: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
Intromissionism
rays of light
come into the eye
![Page 58: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
The laws of optics are the same
whether intromissionism or extromissionism is true
![Page 59: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
we perceive through the intromission of bodies (Democritus)
we perceive through the intromission of spirits/forms/species (Aristotle)
Intromissionism
![Page 60: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
Extromissionism
We perceive through the extromission of rays (Empedocles, Pythagorians, Euclid, Stoics, Ptolemy, Galen)
![Page 61: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
Extromissionism
Euclid’s geometry and optics relates not to rays of light in the physical sense but to extromissionist ‘visual rays’
Galen: the eye’s crystalline lens is a transmitter of visual force
![Page 62: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
Euclid:
rays are sent out of the observer’s eyes to apprehend the object observed
![Page 63: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
Atomist argument for
extromissionismThe effluxes of, say, a camel or a mountain could not very well pass through the tiny pupil of the eye
How could every point on so large a visual surface be transmitted simultaneously to the eye, with its finite compass, via atoms of light?
![Page 64: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
The intromissionist
answerAlhazen:
refraction and the curvature of the lens of the eye work to filter out excess information in the light,
every point on the surface of an object can convey its form to the seat of vision within the eye – in an exact one-for-one, place-for-place proportionate way.
![Page 65: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
Lux gratiae
Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon and John Pecham:
the new optical theories of the transmission of light provide a model of how God spreads the light of grace to his subjects in the world.
![Page 66: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
Physics and physiology are
nowadays thoroughly
intromissionist
![Page 67: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
Yet extromissionism lives
on,
through the arrow of intentionality
in phenomenology
![Page 68: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
Intentionality
![Page 69: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
corrected
content, meaningrepresentations
![Page 70: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
Frege
referent
expression
sense
intentionality Fregeanized
![Page 71: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71
concepts, contents, meanings belong here
they are not isolated
but form complex grids
![Page 72: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72
concepts, contents, meanings belong here
and they are transparent
they form partitions of reality
![Page 73: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73
Intentional directedness
… is effected via partitions/grids
we reach out to objects because partitions are transparent
![Page 74: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74
Foreground/Background
with the help of grids we determine what is foreground, what is background
![Page 75: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75
Transparent partitions
are involved in simple acts of naming, classifying, seeing, recognizing, mapping
![Page 76: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
76
Intentionality can be Many-
Rayed‘people’
‘my three sons’
‘Benelux’
‘die Deutschen’
![Page 77: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
77
1 2 3 4
Counting
with the help of grids weare able to count
![Page 78: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
78
Intentionality is
foregroundedsingle-rayed or many-rayedmediated via partitions of reality
![Page 79: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
79
J. J. Gibson’s Dual
Extromissionist-
Intromissionist ViewThere is information in the light, which comes in from the outside
We are pre-tuned to grasp this information with the help of the grids which we project outwards onto reality
![Page 80: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
80
Partitions of reality can
be good and bad
![Page 81: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
81
The Empty Mask
(Magritte)mama
mouse
milk
Mount Washington
![Page 82: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
82
The DER-DIE-DAS partition
DER
(masculine)
moon
lake
atom
DIE
(feminine)
sea
sun
earth
DAS
(neuter)
girl
firedangerous
thing
![Page 83: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
83
the Spinoza partition
![Page 84: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
84
Universe
![Page 85: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
85
Intentional directedness
… is effected via partitions
we reach out to the objects themselves because partitions are transparent
![Page 86: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
86
A transparent partition is
like an open window
a window on reality
![Page 87: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
87
Panofsky
perspective is not a true theory of the way light is projected by three-dimensional surfaces onto a two-dimensional plane
rather: it is a system of conventions bound to a certain time and culture.
Perspective as Symbolic Form 1927
![Page 88: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
88
Against the veridicality of
intentionality
partitions, concepts, contents are not transparent
Midas-touch epistemology
![Page 89: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
89
Windowless monads
post Duchamp: visual arts are freed from connection to everyday life (and to beauty and harmony)
recontextualized in the museum
![Page 90: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
90
The Domain of Arnheim
![Page 91: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
91
The Fair Captive
![Page 92: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
92
After Duchamp
No place for talk of ‘correct’ perspectival representation, with its implication to the effect that there is some single detached master point of view
no method of painting can be ‘true’ or ‘correct’ for there is no single notion of reality against which its results could be matched
![Page 93: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
93
Pipe
![Page 94: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
94
The realist response to
Panofskyeven granting the simplifying assumptions of geometrical optics, perspective paintings correspond to the way we see the world around us with a very high degree of approximation.
best explanation for this: the mathematical forms captured in the geometry of perspective are out there in the world
![Page 95: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
95
The realist response
the strange fascination which perspective had for the Renaissance mind ‘was the fascination of truth.’ (Pirenne 1952)
![Page 96: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
96
The geometry of
perspective is purely
objectivethe geometrical relationship between an object and its image on the picture plane obtains independently of whether there is an eye at the vanishing point
(cf. laser-guided missiles)
the laws of perspective hold independently of the existence of subjects, observers, artists or cultures
![Page 97: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
97
How to Tell the Truth with
MapsA good map casts a transparent net over the surface of the earth
Alberti’s reticolato casts its transparent net over the array of planes out there in objective reality in such a way as to cast into relief a visual scene.
![Page 98: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
98
Optical Projection
![Page 99: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
99
Cartographic Projection
![Page 100: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
100
EVERY MAP MUST HAVE SOME SCALE
EVERY MAP MUST USE SOME METHOD OF PROJECTION
EVERY MAP MUST INVOLVE SOME SELECTION FROM THE WHOLE OF REALITY
THEREFORE: EVERY MAP IS FALSE
A bad argument
![Page 101: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
101
Therefore: No ‘God’s eye
perspective’ No ‘view from
nowhere’Therefore: every single one of the myriad perspectives we enjoy embodies a false view of reality
This inference from partiality to falsehood would be valid only in a world without windows.
![Page 102: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
102
Grids of Reality (Mercator
1569)
![Page 103: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
103
The railway tracks on the Circle
Line are not in fact yellow:
![Page 104: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
104
Every projection system is
correctthe point is merely to use it properlyintelligence of the projective technique vs. stupidity of the interpreter(maps do not lie)
![Page 105: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
105
Almost all of our
partitionsare transparentintentional directedness
succeeds
fit happens
![Page 106: 1 Partitions of Reality Barry Smith . buffalo.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032521/56649d5a5503460f94a3a849/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
106
THE END
THE END