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Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference

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Lloyd GeorgeLloyd George (Br)

Wilson (USA)

Georges ClemenceauGeorges Clemenceau(Fr)

Orlando (Ita)

(1) (1) Decision-makers and their ObjectivesDecision-makers and their Objectives

3威爾遜威爾遜 (Woodrow Wilson)(Woodrow Wilson)威爾遜威爾遜 (Woodrow Wilson)(Woodrow Wilson)

Wilson’s Objectives:

1. carry out the Fourteen Points to maintain peace and justice

2. win the support of other countries to set up the League of Nations

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克里孟梭 (Georges Clemenceau)Georges Clemenceau)克里孟梭 (Georges Clemenceau)Georges Clemenceau)

Clemenceau’s objectives

1. Take revenge on Germany

2. undermine the German strength forever

5 勞萊喬治勞萊喬治 (David Lloyd George)(David Lloyd George) 勞萊喬治勞萊喬治 (David Lloyd George)(David Lloyd George)

Lloyd George’s objectives

1. Take over German colonies

2. Maintain British supreme position in naval strength

3. maintain balance of power in Europe

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A cartoon showing the attitude of the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference.

GermanyGermanyGermanyGermany

BritainBritainBritainBritain

FranceFranceFranceFranceItalyItalyItalyItaly

USAUSAUSAUSA

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(2)(2) Final ResolutionsFinal Resolutions

The following was imposed by the victorious countries on the defeated countries in the treaties between 1919 and 1920:

Disarmament

Indemnity

Cession of land

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The Defeated countries were not The Defeated countries were not invited to attend the conference.invited to attend the conference.

The representatives had to wait outside the conference venues.

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Territorial changes in Germany after the Paris Peace Conference

Germany after 1919Germany in 1914

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(1) (1) Loss of TerritoriesLoss of Territories《《 Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles 》》

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Alsace and Lorraine would be returned to France. East Prussia was to be separated from the mainland

Germany. The Saar Coalfied was to be under the control of the

League of Nations for 15 years. German colonies would be divided between Belgium, Great Britain, France, and Japan.

The Rhineland would be occupied by Allied troops for a period of 15 years

Austria would not be permitted to integrate into Germany.

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German colonies in Africa

German colonies in Africa

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(2) (2) DisarmamentDisarmamentArmed forces would be reduced to no more than 100,000 men.Conscription was to be abolishedArmed forces were prohibited from entering or fortifying the Rhineland.Poison gas, armed aircraft, tanks, submarines and armoured cars would be prohibited.Naval forces would be reduced to 15000 men.

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(3) War Indemnity(3) War Indemnity

Germany had to pay an indemnity of £6,600 million Germany had to pay an indemnity of £6,600 million for the damage caused by her during the First World for the damage caused by her during the First World War.War.

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(4) War Guilt Clause/ Article 231(4) War Guilt Clause/ Article 231• The Allied and Associated Governments

affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.

• Germany was responsible for causing all the loss and damage to the people of the Allies during the First World War.

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The following German cartoons were drawn in 1919. What messages can you read?

Germany was buried by the Allies Germany was guillotined by

the Allies

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A 1920 German cartoon showing British and French people were engulfing Germany.

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The German crowd protested The German crowd protested against the Treaty of Versailles against the Treaty of Versailles

at the Reichstag.at the Reichstag.

Germany shall be compelled to give 140,000 milch cows to the victors.

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2199

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This is not peace. This is an armistice for twenty years.

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Treaty of Saint-Germain, 1919:Treaty of Saint-Germain, 1919:

Austria had to1. recognize the independence of Hungary,

Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia.

2. pay an indemnity.

3. reduce the armed force to 30,000 men.

4. be forbidden from uniting with Germany.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVRsHdtn-SI

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Other Treaties:Other Treaties:•Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria, 1919Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria, 1919

•Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, 1920Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, 1920

•Treaties of Sèvres with Turkey, 1920Treaties of Sèvres with Turkey, 1920

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Dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire

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