1 Muscle Tissues Prof. Dr. ASHRAF M. Prof. of Histology.
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Transcript of 1 Muscle Tissues Prof. Dr. ASHRAF M. Prof. of Histology.
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Muscle Muscle TissuesTissues
Prof. Dr. ASHRAF M. Prof. of Histology
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Muscle Muscle TissuesTissuesGeneral
characteristics
• muscle cells called muscle fibers• contractile• three types
• skeletal• smooth• cardiac
Skeletal muscle• attached to bones• striated• voluntary
Smooth muscle• walls of organs• skin• walls of blood vessels• involuntary• not striated
Cardiac muscle • heart wall• involuntary• striated• intercalated discs
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Types of Muscle Types of Muscle TissueTissue
Skeletal•Attach to and move skeleton•40% of body weight•Fibers = multinucleate cells (embryonic cells fuse)•Cells with obvious striations•Contractions are voluntary
Cardiac: only in the wall of the heart
•Cells are striated•Contractions are involuntary (not voluntary)
Smooth: walls of hollow organs
•Lack striations•Contractions are involuntary (not voluntary)
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Muscle Muscle TissuesTissues
Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
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types 0f the types 0f the musclesmuscles
A- Skeletal, Striated and Voluntary.
B- Cardiac, Striated and Involuntary.
C- smooth non-striated &Involuntary
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Connective Tissue Connective Tissue CoveringsCoverings
• epimysium• perimysium• fascicles• endomysium
• muscle• fascicles• muscle fibers• myofibrils• thick and thin filaments
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Type of skeletal muscle Type of skeletal muscle fibresfibres
Red muscle fibres White muscle fibres : Intermediate muscle fibres
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RedRed muscle muscle fibresfibres
•irregular striations . •abundant cytoplasm .•rich in myoglobin , mitochondria . •can contract for long time without fatigue
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WhiteWhite muscle muscle fibres fibres
•regular striations . •less myoglobin , mitochondria . •quick , short contractions , •easily fatigued .
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InterIntermediate mediate muscle muscle fibres fibres ::have intermediate
characters between red and white fibres . *Skeletal muscle contain the 3 type but usually the white fibres predominate . * The diaphragm muscle of mastication contain red fibres only .
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Structure of a Skeletal Structure of a Skeletal MuscleMuscle
Skeletal Muscle
• organ of the muscular system•skeletal muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle is also called voluntary muscle since it is under voluntary control.
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Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle fibersfibers
1-The skeletal muscle is formed of elongated cells with two rounded ends and usually termed muscle fibers.
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Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle fibersfibers
The myofibrils appear as deep acidophilic dots within the fiber. -Each muscle fibers is about 1-40 mm in length and 10-100 um in diameter. -The muscle fiber is surrounded by delicate embrane known as Sarcolemma, which enclose the sarcoplasm of the fiber. -Each muscle fiber contain multiple, flat and peripheral nuclei.
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Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle fibersfibers
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Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle fibersfibers
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The dark bands are The dark bands are Anisotropic Anisotropic
( A-bands ( A-bands ) .) .
The light bands are The light bands are IsotropicIsotropic
( ( I – bands I – bands ) .) .
The ( A ) band show a The ( A ) band show a pale pale areaarea in its center in its center = H- zone = H- zone divided by a dark divided by a dark line = M line = M . .
The ( I ) band show a The ( I ) band show a dark dark line line in its center in its center = Z- line = Z- line . .
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Triad of tubular Triad of tubular system system
It plays an important role in conducting the nerve impulse during muscle contraction . It includes : T-tubule :
Formed by a invagination of thes arcolemma in to sarcoplasm , its cavity is continuous with the extensor . It extends transversely into sarcoplasm at the level between the A and I bands .
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Triad of tubular Triad of tubular system system
Sarcoplasmic reticulum :
Modified longitudinal parts of sarcoplasmic reticulum and continuous slit . Each 2 sarcoplasmic tubules surround one t.v. T . tubule forming a triad . As the nerve impulse reaches the sarcolemma , it passes through T.tubules then sarcoplasmic tubules which pump Ca++ + E , ATP , ADP gliding of actin over myosin Muscle contraction .
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Cardiac Cardiac MuscleMuscle
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Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle• located only in the heart
• muscle fibers joined together by intercalated discs
• fibers branch
• network of fibers contracts as a unit
• self-exciting and rhythmic
• longer refractory period than skeletal muscle
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cardiac sarcoplasmic cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum reticulum
Cardiac T-tubules are present at the Z lines and not at the A band, I band junctions. -The cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum is not well developed, and consequently Diads and not Triads are common in cardiac muscle. -Cardiac T-tubules are associated with only one expanded terminal sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterna.
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Smooth Smooth musclemuscle
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smooth smooth musclemuscle
1-Smooth muscle cells are fusiform or spindle-shaped, large at the middle part and taper towards the ends. 2-Each smooth muscle cell has a centrally located elongated nucleus which becomes cork screw-shaped during contraction. 3-The smooth muscle is surrounded by an external lamina and reticular fibers.
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Sites and functions of Sites and functions of smooth musclesmooth muscle
1-In the walls of hollow viscera such as the uterus, vas deferens and ureters, smooth muscle regulate the size of the lumen.2-In the walls of the intestine, smooth muscle generate rhythmic peristaltic movements 3- In the iris of the eye, smooth muscle produce precise and graded contractions. 4-In the blood vessels, smooth muscle can synthesize collagen, elastin and proteoglycans
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