1. Methods of Social 1. Methods of Social StudiesStudies

I. GeographyI. GeographyA. INTRODUCTIONA. INTRODUCTION -Cultures have adapted (or changed) their environment in order-Cultures have adapted (or changed) their environment in order

to meet their needs/wantsto meet their needs/wants

(Monsoons, Terrace Farming)(Monsoons, Terrace Farming)

- Certain Geographic Features can act as natural barriers that- Certain Geographic Features can act as natural barriers that

isolate cultures from other cultures isolate cultures from other cultures

(Deserts, Mountains, Oceans, Islands)(Deserts, Mountains, Oceans, Islands)

-Others can help advance trade-Others can help advance trade

(Navigable Rivers, Natural Resources, Irregular Coastlines)(Navigable Rivers, Natural Resources, Irregular Coastlines)

-Others can hurt a culture-Others can hurt a culture

(Lack of Natural Resources )(Lack of Natural Resources )

II. Geographic ThemesII. Geographic Themes1)Location1)Location

2) Place2) Place

3)Interactions3)Interactions

4) Movement4) Movement

5) Region5) Region

II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMESII. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES1) LOCATION

DEFINITION : EXACTLY WHERE A PLACE IS

LOCATED IN THE WORLD

A) How Do You Find Your Location

1) LATITUDE LINES

- MEASURE DISTANCE NORTH AND SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR

(RUN HORIZONTAL OR ACROSS A MAP)

- EQUATOR ( 0 DEGREES LATITUDE)

- STARTING POINT WHEN DETERMINING LATITUDE

- LINES ABOVE THE EQUATOR ARE NORTH

- LINES BELOW THE EQUATOR ARE SOUTH

II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMESII. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES ( Pg. 2) ( Pg. 2)

2) LONGITUDE LINES

-MEASURE DISTANCE EAST AND WEST OF THE PRIME MERIDIAN

(RUN VERTICAL OR UP/DOWN

- PRIME MERIDIAN ( O DEGREES LONGITIUDE)

- STARTING POINT WHEN DETERMINING LONGITUDE

- LINES THAT ARE LEFT OF THE P.M. ARE WEST

-LINES THAT ARE RIGHT OF THE P.M. ARE EAST

B. Types of Maps B. Types of Maps

WHEN LOOKING AT A MAP, YOU SHOULD FOCUS ON WHEN LOOKING AT A MAP, YOU SHOULD FOCUS ON TWO ITEMSTWO ITEMS

1) TITLE OF THE MAP1) TITLE OF THE MAP

-Usually located on the top of the Map-Usually located on the top of the Map

2) THE MAP KEY2) THE MAP KEY

- DISPLAYS IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING DISPLAYS IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING THE MAPTHE MAP

- WILL HELP TELL WHAT TYPE OF MAP IT IS- WILL HELP TELL WHAT TYPE OF MAP IT IS

B. TYPES OF MAPS (Pg.2)B. TYPES OF MAPS (Pg.2)

1) PHYSICAL MAP1) PHYSICAL MAP

ILLUSTRATES THE PHYSICAL ILLUSTRATES THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF AN AREA SUCH AS FEATURES OF AN AREA SUCH AS THE MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES, THE MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES, AND ELEVATIONAND ELEVATION..

Physical MapPhysical Map

B. TYPES OF MAPS (Pg. 3)B. TYPES OF MAPS (Pg. 3)

2) THEMATIC MAP2) THEMATIC MAP

Designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area

Examples of a Thematic map: Examples of a Thematic map:

Economic Map, Climatic MapEconomic Map, Climatic Map

Economic MapEconomic Map

Thematic MapThematic Map

B. TYPES OF MAPS (Pg.4)B. TYPES OF MAPS (Pg.4)

3) POLITICAL MAP3) POLITICAL MAP

SHOWS STATE AND NATIONAL SHOWS STATE AND NATIONAL BOUNDARIES, NATIONAL BOUNDARIES, NATIONAL CAPITALS AND MAJOR CITIES CAPITALS AND MAJOR CITIES

Political MapPolitical Map

II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMESII. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES (Pg.3) (Pg.3)

2) PLACE

DEFINITION: PHYSICAL FEATURES OF A SPECIFIC LOCATION

PHYSICAL FEATURES- LANDFORMS ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE

EXAMPLES: MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DESERTS,

PLAINS

II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES (Pg.4)(Pg.4)

3) INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE 3) INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTSAND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS

HOW PEOPLE HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY HOW PEOPLE HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND HOW HAVE THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND HOW HAVE THEY MODIFIED IT OR ADAPTED TO FITTHEY MODIFIED IT OR ADAPTED TO FIT THEIR NEEDSTHEIR NEEDS

EXAMPLES: BUILDING DAMS, BRIDGES, EXAMPLES: BUILDING DAMS, BRIDGES, CANALS, CANALS,

ROADSROADS

II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES (Pg.5)(Pg.5)

4) MOVEMENT4) MOVEMENT

PEOPLE MOVING TO DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN ORDER PEOPLE MOVING TO DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN ORDER TO FULFILL THEIR BASIC NEEDS TO FULFILL THEIR BASIC NEEDS BETTERBETTER

POSITIVES: POSITIVES: SPREAD OF CULTURE, IDEAS AND TRADESPREAD OF CULTURE, IDEAS AND TRADE NEGATIVESNEGATIVES: SPREAD OF DISEASES: SPREAD OF DISEASES

5) REGIONS5) REGIONS AREAS IN THE WORLD WITH SIMILAR GEOGRAPICAREAS IN THE WORLD WITH SIMILAR GEOGRAPIC FEATURES FEATURES EXAMPLES: MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS, DESERTS EXAMPLES: MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS, DESERTS

AND AND CLIMATES CLIMATES

III. IMPORTANT CAREERS IN III. IMPORTANT CAREERS IN SOCIAL STUDIESSOCIAL STUDIES

1) GEOGRAPHER 1) GEOGRAPHER (GEOGRAPHY)(GEOGRAPHY)

2) CARTOGRAPHER2) CARTOGRAPHER (CARTOGRAPHY) (CARTOGRAPHY)

3) ARCHEOLOGIST3) ARCHEOLOGIST (ARCHEOLOGY) (ARCHEOLOGY)

4) ANTHROPOLOGIST4) ANTHROPOLOGIST (ANTHROPOLOGY) (ANTHROPOLOGY)

5) ECONOMIST5) ECONOMIST (ECONOMICS) (ECONOMICS)

6)6) POLITICAL SCIENTIST POLITICAL SCIENTIST (POLITICAL SYSTEMS)(POLITICAL SYSTEMS)

7)7) SOCIOLOGISTS SOCIOLOGISTS (SOCIOLOGY)(SOCIOLOGY)

IV) RESOURCES TO LOCATE IV) RESOURCES TO LOCATE INFORMATIONINFORMATION

1)Primary Sources - FIRST-HAND ACCOUNT OF SOMETHING

THAT HAPPENED (ORIGINAL DOCUMENT)

EXAMPLES : MEMOIRS, LETTERS, INTERVIEWS, AUTOBIOGRAPHIES, DIARIES,

POLITICAL CARTOONS, CHARTS, LINE

GRAPHS, BAR GRAPHS, MANUALS, ALMANACS

Ex: Political CartoonEx: Political Cartoon

Ex: ChartEx: Chart

Ex: Line GraphEx: Line Graph

Ex: Bar GraphEx: Bar Graph

IV) RESOURCES TO LOCATE IV) RESOURCES TO LOCATE INFORMATION ( Pg 2)INFORMATION ( Pg 2)

2) Secondary Sources2) Secondary Sources -Created by someone who was not -Created by someone who was not

directly directly involved in the event involved in the event (Description of a Primary (Description of a Primary

Source)Source)

EXAMPLES: ENCYCLOPEDIA, JOURNAL EXAMPLES: ENCYCLOPEDIA, JOURNAL ARTICLES, ARTICLES,

TEXTBOOKS, PERIODICALS TEXTBOOKS, PERIODICALS

V. Types of EconomiesV. Types of Economies

1) 1) Traditional EconomiesTraditional Economies

-Early Civilizations based on agriculture -Early Civilizations based on agriculture and theand the

barter systembarter system

2) Market Economies2) Market Economies

-Free of Government Control -Free of Government Control (Supply/Demand)(Supply/Demand)

3) Command Economies3) Command Economies

-Controlled by the Government-Controlled by the Government

4) Mixed Economies4) Mixed Economies

-Mixture of Market/Command-Mixture of Market/Command

VI. Types of VI. Types of GovernmentsGovernments

1) Theocracy1) Theocracy

-Controlled by religious individuals (Early -Controlled by religious individuals (Early Civilizations)Civilizations)

2) Oligarchy (Aristocracy2) Oligarchy (Aristocracy))

-Controlled by small groups of people (Early -Controlled by small groups of people (Early Civilizations)Civilizations)

3) Direct Democracy3) Direct Democracy

-Citizens vote on all laws (Greece)-Citizens vote on all laws (Greece)

4) Republic4) Republic

-Citizens elect Representatives (Rome)-Citizens elect Representatives (Rome)

VI. Types of VI. Types of Governments (Pg.2)Governments (Pg.2)

5)Feudalism5)Feudalism

-Contract between Lord/Vassals -Contract between Lord/Vassals

(European Middle Ages/Feudal Japan)(European Middle Ages/Feudal Japan)

6)Absolute Monarchies6)Absolute Monarchies

-Total Control of their Citizens lives (Western -Total Control of their Citizens lives (Western Europe)Europe)

7)Limited Monarchies7)Limited Monarchies

-Government controls that limit a monarch’s -Government controls that limit a monarch’s power power

(England)(England)