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Transcript of 1 Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials Igor S. Golovin Department of Physical Materials...
1
Mechanical Spectroscopy Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materialsof Metallic Materials
Igor S. GolovinIgor S. Golovin
Department of Physical Materials ScienceDepartment of Physical Materials ScienceNational University of Science and TechnologyNational University of Science and Technology
““Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys”Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys”
20102010
2
for “Materials Science” and “Physics of Metals” for “Materials Science” and “Physics of Metals” master studentsmaster students
Content:Content:
IntroductionIntroduction BasicsBasics
ApplicationsApplications
17 lectures, 3 practical works, 2 tests17 lectures, 3 practical works, 2 tests
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
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Introduction
Elasticity: Hooke law in complex form. Theory of elasticity as a background for modern engineering.
Anelasticity vs. Elasticity or Physicists vs. Engineers : Overview from Hooke to our days.
Vibrations and sound from earthquake to violin concert, or how to find a submarine?
Terms and definitions. Rheological approach.
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
Content:
4
Basics 1
Loading: static and dynamic case. Dissipated energy. Internal friction.
Standard anelastic solid. Zener model for “standard solids”.
Thermally activated relaxation processes. Debye equations. Selection rule.
Frequency and temperature dependent damping spectra. Similarities and differences.
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
Content:
5
Basics 2
Point defects relaxations. Selected examples:
The Snoek effect – relaxation due to interstitial atoms “diffusion under stress” in bcc solution;
The Zener effect – relaxation due to reorientation of pairs of substitutional solute atoms.
Gorsky and Finkelstein-Rosin’s effects
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
Content:
6
Basics 3:
Amplitude dependent damping “Dragging” and “break away” models. Contribution from magnetic subsystem.
Relaxation effects caused by interaction of dislocations and point defects: Bordoni, Hasiguti, and Köster effects.
Structural relaxation and relaxation due to phase transitions. Microplasticity. Reversible martensitic transformation.
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
MT
Content:
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Introduction to experimental techniques:
Torsion pendula
Vibrating reeds
Dynamical mechanical analysers
direct inverted compound
Opportunities,advantages anddisadvantages
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
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Applications:
Materials:- Crystalline materials: metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds- Amorphous metallic materials & quasicrystals- Cellular materials (foams, sponges, sintered materials)- High damping materials
Phenomena:
- Diffusion (low temperature)- Solubility - Interatomic interaction- Fatigue, microplasticity - Ageing, cold work . . .
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
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Additionally, a brief overview of scientific contribution to the field made by
Robert Hook
Peter Debye Svante Arrhenius
Clarence ZenerJacobus Snoek Tin Suj Kê
N.N. Davidenkov V.S. Gorsky
will be given
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
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Internal Friction and Mechanical SpectroscopyInternal Friction and Mechanical Spectroscopy
Lectures are based on the recently published book
Several new pc tests and programs are prepared for students
2007
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High damping alloysHigh damping alloys
Internal Friction and Mechanical SpectroscopyInternal Friction and Mechanical Spectroscopy
Selected example
12
Wanted & unwanted vibrations
from earthquakes to high precision cutting tools,from public transport to military needs …
from “yellow submarine” to church bells,from noisy plants to musical concerts …
Wanted & unwanted noise
13
Active and passive damping
High- and low damping materials
Different Material itself constructions
Mechanical Spectroscopy Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materialsof Metallic Materials
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High damping materials (Hidamets):
- Civil engineering: skyscrapers, towers, windmills, bridges
- Transport: tube, trains, cars, aircrafts …
- Machine-building industry: turbines, …
- Military needs: breech-sight, submarines
and much, much more
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
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High damping materials (HDM):
- How to measure damping ?
- How to compare damping capacity of different materials ?
- How to create materials with high damping capacity ?
- How to estimate efficiency and applicability of chosen materials ?
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1 10 100 10000,1
1
10
100
Mg-SiCu-Al-NiMg-Ni
Fe-Mn-XTiNi
Cu-Mn
Fe-Al, Fe-CrMg-Zr
КЧ, ВЧAZ81
SAPferriticsteels
12Cr
C steels18-8
Mg
cast iron
NiFe
AZ31
Al-alloyTi-alloy
BrassBronze
%
B, kg/mm2
PbHDM
Sugimoto diagram:
α = Ψ01σ0.2 × σB
Sp
ecifi
c d
am
pin
g c
ap
acity
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Low damping materials for:
- Musical instruments(tuning forks, drums, timpani, violins …)
- Bells
-Navigation systems, gyroscopes
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Physical mechanismsof high damping and new materials will be discussed
Mechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic MaterialsMechanical Spectroscopy of Metallic Materials
You are welcome at
““Mechanical Spectroscopy Mechanical Spectroscopy
of Metallic Materials”of Metallic Materials”by by
I.S. GolovinI.S. Golovin