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MARPOL – Annex VIMARPOL – Annex VI

Control of Air PollutionControl of Air Pollution from Ships from Ships

and its Current Revision and its Current Revision processprocess

Dr. Tim Gunner, Technical Consultant, IntertankoDr. Tim Gunner, Technical Consultant, Intertanko

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Why MARPOL Annex VI?Why MARPOL Annex VI?• Emission Gases from ShipsEmission Gases from Ships

– Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) – create OzoneOxides of Nitrogen (NOx) – create Ozone– Sulphur Oxides (SOx) – create acidificationSulphur Oxides (SOx) – create acidification– Hydrocarbons (HC) – gas, soot and some Hydrocarbons (HC) – gas, soot and some

particulatesparticulates– Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)– Refrigerant GasesRefrigerant Gases

• Non Annex VINon Annex VI– Carbon Dioxide (COCarbon Dioxide (CO22) – is a GHG) – is a GHG– Carbon Monoxide (CO)Carbon Monoxide (CO)

• The concentration of exhaust gases is The concentration of exhaust gases is variable according to the variable according to the engine typeengine type, , engine settingsengine settings and and fuel typefuel type..

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IMO & REGIONALIMO & REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS DEVELOPMENTS

• Annex VI entered into force in 2005 Annex VI entered into force in 2005 • Baltic Sea - SECA from May 2006Baltic Sea - SECA from May 2006 • North Sea/English Channel - SECA from November 2007North Sea/English Channel - SECA from November 2007

– EU Directive – from August 2007EU Directive – from August 2007

• Major Revision of MARPOL Annex VI – Commenced 2006 Major Revision of MARPOL Annex VI – Commenced 2006 and due for completion 2007/8and due for completion 2007/8

• European Sulphur Directive governs emissions in port European Sulphur Directive governs emissions in port (0.1% S at berth)(0.1% S at berth)

• California (CARB) new regulations (0.5% S) which take California (CARB) new regulations (0.5% S) which take effect in 2007 effect in 2007

• Various ports are facing new local regulations on Ship Various ports are facing new local regulations on Ship Emissions, which are governing future expansion and Emissions, which are governing future expansion and developmentdevelopment    

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The Regulations inThe Regulations inAnnex VIAnnex VI

• There are 19 Regulations but the following There are 19 Regulations but the following Regulations will impact Vessel operationRegulations will impact Vessel operation

– Regulation 12 – Ozone Depleting SubstancesRegulation 12 – Ozone Depleting Substances– Regulation 13 – NOx emissionsRegulation 13 – NOx emissions– Regulation 14 – Sulphur Oxide emissionsRegulation 14 – Sulphur Oxide emissions– Regulation 15 – VOC emissionsRegulation 15 – VOC emissions– Regulation 16 – Shipboard IncineratorsRegulation 16 – Shipboard Incinerators– Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality controlRegulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality control

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Regulation 13 – NOx Regulation 13 – NOx

• For all Engines (except emergency engines) For all Engines (except emergency engines) installed on ships after 1st January 2000 of installed on ships after 1st January 2000 of more than 130 kW must comply to this more than 130 kW must comply to this Regulation.Regulation.

• The NOx emission is limited to 17 g/kW h for The NOx emission is limited to 17 g/kW h for engines operating at 130 rpm but reducing engines operating at 130 rpm but reducing to 9.8 g/kW h for 2000 rpm. Between these to 9.8 g/kW h for 2000 rpm. Between these revs the limit is designated by equation:revs the limit is designated by equation:

45 * n45 * n(-0.2)(-0.2) g/kW h g/kW h• Existing engines can become a “new” Existing engines can become a “new”

engine if substantially modified. engine if substantially modified.

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Proposed Revisions of Proposed Revisions of Regulation 13 - NOxRegulation 13 - NOx

• Tiered approach to further NOx reductions Tiered approach to further NOx reductions – Tier 2 from date of revisions coming into – Tier 2 from date of revisions coming into force - 2010, and Tier 3 from 2015 force - 2010, and Tier 3 from 2015

• Lower limit NOx emissions (30 - 40% Lower limit NOx emissions (30 - 40% reduction discussed for first tier – 2010)reduction discussed for first tier – 2010)

• Further NOx emission limitation on all Further NOx emission limitation on all existing engines, particularly those existing engines, particularly those installed after Jan. 2000installed after Jan. 2000

• NECAs – NOx emission control areas (Tier NECAs – NOx emission control areas (Tier 3 levels for these areas?)3 levels for these areas?)

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Regulation 14 - SOxRegulation 14 - SOx

• The Worldwide Sulphur cap on fuel oil is The Worldwide Sulphur cap on fuel oil is set at 4.5%.set at 4.5%.

• Sulphur Emission Control areas (SECAs)Sulphur Emission Control areas (SECAs)– Areas – Baltic, North Sea and English Areas – Baltic, North Sea and English

ChannelChannel– Sulphur Level of fuel – 1.5% or;Sulphur Level of fuel – 1.5% or;– Alternatively use an exhaust gas cleaning Alternatively use an exhaust gas cleaning

systemsystem– Ship must have cleared all pipe systems and Ship must have cleared all pipe systems and

tanks and be using low sulphur fuel on entry tanks and be using low sulphur fuel on entry

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Sulphur Emission Control Areas Sulphur Emission Control Areas - SECAs- SECAs

May 2006

Nov. 2007

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Proposed Revisions of Proposed Revisions of Regulation 14 - SOxRegulation 14 - SOx

• Reduction of SOx emissionsReduction of SOx emissions– Reduction of the Global Cap – e.g. to 3.00%Reduction of the Global Cap – e.g. to 3.00%– Reduction of the SECA Cap – e.g. to 1.00% Reduction of the SECA Cap – e.g. to 1.00%

or 0.50%or 0.50%

• Correction for the reporting and Correction for the reporting and measurement standard to two decimal measurement standard to two decimal places for Sulphur content (Bunker places for Sulphur content (Bunker Delivery Note criterion).Delivery Note criterion).

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Future Revision of Future Revision of Regulation 14 - Additional Regulation 14 - Additional

SECAs?SECAs?

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New Parameter forNew Parameter for Air Pollution Control Air Pollution Control

• Particulate Matter Emission controlParticulate Matter Emission control• What are these Particulates?What are these Particulates?

– Sulphates from SOxSulphates from SOx– Nitrates from NOxNitrates from NOx– VOC from uncombusted hydrocarbonsVOC from uncombusted hydrocarbons– Heavy Metals e.g. Vanadium, Nickel, Heavy Metals e.g. Vanadium, Nickel,

Aluminium, Sodium, Calcium, Zinc; from Aluminium, Sodium, Calcium, Zinc; from Heavy Fuel oil and Lube OilHeavy Fuel oil and Lube Oil

– Soot – from the aromatics in heavy fuel oilSoot – from the aromatics in heavy fuel oil

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Particulate Matter Regulation Particulate Matter Regulation and Control Methodsand Control Methods

• At present this subject matter has not At present this subject matter has not been fully debated within the working been fully debated within the working groupgroup

• Issues to be confronted:Issues to be confronted:– Size of the Particulate to be regulated – 10 Size of the Particulate to be regulated – 10

micron or 2.5 micronmicron or 2.5 micron– Extent of limitation of Particulate emissionExtent of limitation of Particulate emission– Methods for control of Particulate emissions – Methods for control of Particulate emissions –

e.g. Scrubbers and/or Filterse.g. Scrubbers and/or Filters– Storage and Disposal of ParticulatesStorage and Disposal of Particulates– Control and verification of reduced emissionsControl and verification of reduced emissions

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Current Regulation 18Current Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality – Fuel Oil Quality

• ““Fuel oil shall be blends of hydrocarbons Fuel oil shall be blends of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining”derived from petroleum refining”

• ““Fuel oil shall be free from inorganic acid”Fuel oil shall be free from inorganic acid”

• ““Fuel oil shall not include any added Fuel oil shall not include any added substance or chemical waste which either:substance or chemical waste which either:– Jeopardises the safety of ships or adversely Jeopardises the safety of ships or adversely

affects the performance of the machinery, oraffects the performance of the machinery, or– Is harmful to personnel, orIs harmful to personnel, or– Contributes overall to additional air pollution” Contributes overall to additional air pollution”

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Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil QualityQuality

• Bunker Delivery Note (BDN)Bunker Delivery Note (BDN)– Becomes a Statutory documentBecomes a Statutory document– Must be kept on board for 3 years for inspection Must be kept on board for 3 years for inspection

and a copy taken for further examination.and a copy taken for further examination.– Must contain all data required by appendix VMust contain all data required by appendix V

• Name and IMO number of vesselName and IMO number of vessel

• PortPort

• Date of Commencement of deliveryDate of Commencement of delivery

• Details of fuel oil supplierDetails of fuel oil supplier

• Product name, quantity , Density at 15 Product name, quantity , Density at 15 00C and Sulphur C and Sulphur content % m/mcontent % m/m

• A declaration that fuel supplied meets Regulation 14 and A declaration that fuel supplied meets Regulation 14 and 18.18.

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Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil QualityQuality• Fuel Oil SamplingFuel Oil Sampling• A sealed sample meeting the requirements in associated A sealed sample meeting the requirements in associated

guidelines has to given to the ship by the bunker supplierguidelines has to given to the ship by the bunker supplier• For each individual BDN a sample has to be taken at the For each individual BDN a sample has to be taken at the

vessel’s bunker receiving manifold. (see procedure in vessel’s bunker receiving manifold. (see procedure in associated guidelines)associated guidelines)

• The sample label has to be signed by both the bunker The sample label has to be signed by both the bunker supplier’s representative and the vessel’s Chief Engineer.supplier’s representative and the vessel’s Chief Engineer.

• The sample size shall be not less than 400 mlsThe sample size shall be not less than 400 mls• The sample is not to be used for any commercial purposeThe sample is not to be used for any commercial purpose• The sample is to be retained on board for at least 1 year The sample is to be retained on board for at least 1 year

for inspection by PSC as requiredfor inspection by PSC as required

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INTERTANKO’s suggestions to INTERTANKO’s suggestions to IMO BLG working GroupIMO BLG working Group

• The use of distillate fuels, with a global Sulphur The use of distillate fuels, with a global Sulphur content cap introduced using a two tiered content cap introduced using a two tiered programme, as follows:programme, as follows:– from [2010], a maximum of 1.00% S content from [2010], a maximum of 1.00% S content – for ships’ engines installed on and after [2015], a for ships’ engines installed on and after [2015], a

maximum [0.50]% Sulphur content maximum [0.50]% Sulphur content

• A Global Sulphur Emission Control Area A Global Sulphur Emission Control Area • If the above two issues were considered If the above two issues were considered

feasible, then the provisions for checking and feasible, then the provisions for checking and monitoring compliance with Regulation 14 and monitoring compliance with Regulation 14 and 18 should be revised accordingly18 should be revised accordingly..

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INTERTANKO’s SuggestionsINTERTANKO’s SuggestionsSolutions for the RevisionSolutions for the Revision

• Automatic reduction of NOx due to fuel quality by Automatic reduction of NOx due to fuel quality by 10 – 15% and allows engine manufacturers to 10 – 15% and allows engine manufacturers to develop more “in engine” technologies.develop more “in engine” technologies.

• Removes the requirement for storage of three fuels Removes the requirement for storage of three fuels and the changeover safety problems for SECA entryand the changeover safety problems for SECA entry

• Removes the requirement to regulate Particulate Removes the requirement to regulate Particulate MatterMatter

• Removes the risk of Regional RegulationRemoves the risk of Regional Regulation• Regulates one type of acceptable fuel quality for all Regulates one type of acceptable fuel quality for all

ships and aligns shipping with other forms of ships and aligns shipping with other forms of transporttransport

• Simplifies verification and controlSimplifies verification and control

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Thank you for your Thank you for your attentionattention

Any Questions?Any Questions?