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Ladders and Stairs

Designed and used with safety in mind

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Section I

Introduction

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Ladders & Stairs

Hazards Rules Inspection Safe use Maintenance Stairways

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Section II

Hazards

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Hazards of ladders

Falls

Slips

Overreaching

Weather

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Hazards of ladders

Oil or grease

Not secured

Electrocution

Falling objects

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Hazards of stairs

Clutter

Slippery surfaces

Damage

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Hazards of stairs

Poor lighting

Unsafe practices

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Section III

OSHA/State of Montana rules for most workplaces

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Different kinds of ladders

Portable wood –

Portable metal –

Fixed –

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OSHA terms

Ladder

Single

Extension

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OSHA terms

Stepladder Type 1 – Industrial

Type 2 – Commercial

Type 3 - Household

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OSHA terms

Fixed

Individual-rung

Rail

Grab bars

Pitch

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OSHA terms

Cage

Well

Ladder safety device

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Design - Portable

Materials

Length

Rung / step spacing

Side rail width

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OSHA design - Portable

Non-skid

Extension ladder overlap

Stepladder spreaders

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OSHA design - Fixed

Materials

Load limits

Rungs and cleats

Rung / step spacing

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OSHA design - Fixed

Rung / step length Clearance Cages / wells Platforms Ladder safety devices

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OSHA design - Fixed

Grab bars

Step-across distance

Pitch

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Section IV

OSHA construction rules

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Construction rules

Part 1926 Subpart X

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Construction terms

Portable ladder

Fixed ladder

Individual-rung/step ladders

Job-made ladder

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Construction terms

Single-cleat ladder

Double cleat ladder

Step stool

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Construction design - Portable Materials

Length

Rung / step spacing

Side rail width

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Construction design - Portable Non-skid

Stepladder spreaders

Load-carrying capacities

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Construction design - Fixed

Load limits

Side rails

Non-skid

Clearance

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Construction design - Fixed

Grab bars

Step-across distance

Pitch or angle of the ladder

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Construction design - Fixed

Use of cages / wells

Ladder safety devices

Self-retracting lifelines

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Section V

Inspection

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Inspection

Frequent

Portable metal - tips over

Construction – competent person

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Inspection

Rungs / steps Side rails Corrosion Tight fit Grease / oil

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Inspection

Splinters

Fittings

Moving parts

Fraying

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Section VI

Safe use

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Safe use

Inspect before use

Length and load limits

No metal by electrical lines

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Safe use

Intended purpose

Firm, solid surface

Secured / barricaded

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Safe use

Clear area

Stepladders locked open

4-to-1 rule

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Safe use

Face the ladder

Both hands

Only one person

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Safe use

Top 2 steps of a stepladder

Top 4 rungs of a straight ladder

Do not move occupied ladder

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Safe use

Hoist material

Work within side rails

Proper storage

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Section VII

Maintenance

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Maintenance

Remove from service

Tag “Do Not Use”

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Maintenance

Repair to original design

Qualified personnel

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Section VIII

Stairways

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General OSHA rule

Fixed industrial stairs – 1910.24

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Construction rule

Stairways – 1926.1052

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Stairways

Slippery conditions

Clean up spills

Snow and ice

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Stairways

No clutter

Proper lighting

Use handrails

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Stairways

Always walk — don’t run

Carrying materials

Report unsafe conditions

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Section VII

Conclusion

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Summary

Hazards Rules Inspection Safe use Maintenance Stairways

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Questions?