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Transcript of 1. Kabul, Afghanistan 2. Islamabad, Pakistan 3. New Delhi, India 4. Kathmandu, Nepal 5. Beijing,...
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1.1. Kabul, Kabul, AfghanistanAfghanistan
2.2. Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanPakistan
3.3. New Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaIndia
4.4. Kathmandu, Kathmandu, NepalNepal
5.5. Beijing, ChinaBeijing, China
6.6. Thimpu, Thimpu, BhutanBhutan
7.7. Dhaka, Dhaka, BangladeshBangladesh
8.8. Colombo, Sri Colombo, Sri LankaLanka
9.9. Male, Male, MaldivesMaldives
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Kabul,Kabul, AfghanistanAfghanistan
Islamabad,Islamabad, PakistanPakistan
New Delhi,New Delhi, IndiaIndia
Kathmandu, Kathmandu, NepalNepal
Beijing, Beijing, ChinaChina
Thimpu, Thimpu, BhutanBhutan
Dhaka, Dhaka, BangladeshBangladesh
Male, Male, MaldivesMaldives
Colombo, Sri Colombo, Sri LankaLanka
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Ch. 23: The Physical Ch. 23: The Physical Geography of South AsiaGeography of South Asia
23-1 Notes: The Land23-1 Notes: The Land
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A Separate LandA Separate Land S. Asia=1/2 the size of the cont. U.S.S. Asia=1/2 the size of the cont. U.S.
India = 1/3 the size of the U.S. (but more than 3x India = 1/3 the size of the U.S. (but more than 3x the population!)the population!)
S. Asia is a peninsula surrounded by the Arabian S. Asia is a peninsula surrounded by the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean.Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean.
India is a subcontinentIndia is a subcontinent
Sri Lanka & other islands are part of South AsiaSri Lanka & other islands are part of South Asia
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The Himalayas The Himalayas
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The HimalayasThe Himalayas
Indian subcontinent was Indian subcontinent was part of Africa and part of Africa and drifted and smashed drifted and smashed into Asia.into Asia.
Collision created the Collision created the HimalayasHimalayas
Mt. EverestMt. Everest29,035 ft. 29,035 ft. (world’s tallest) is part (world’s tallest) is part of the Himalayasof the Himalayas
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More on Everest……More on Everest……Number of people to attempt to Number of people to attempt to
climb Mt. Everest: climb Mt. Everest: approximately 4,000. approximately 4,000.
Number of people to Number of people to successfully climb Mt. successfully climb Mt. Everest: 660. Everest: 660.
Number of people who have Number of people who have died trying to climb Mt. died trying to climb Mt. Everest: 142. Everest: 142.
Height: 29,035 feet, or 5 and Height: 29,035 feet, or 5 and a half miles above sea level. a half miles above sea level. This is equivalent to the size This is equivalent to the size of almost 20 Empire State of almost 20 Empire State Buildings.Buildings.
19241924 — British explorers — British explorers George Mallory and Andrew George Mallory and Andrew Irvine disappear near the Irvine disappear near the summit, along the Northeast summit, along the Northeast Ridge. It is possible that they Ridge. It is possible that they may have actually been the may have actually been the first to reach the summit, but first to reach the summit, but they never returned.they never returned.
19491949 — Nepal opens its — Nepal opens its borders, making access to the borders, making access to the mountain's southern peak mountain's southern peak possiblepossible
19531953 — Hillary and Norgay — Hillary and Norgay reach summitreach summit
19631963 — First Americans reach — First Americans reach the summitthe summit
19891989 — First two women, both — First two women, both American, reach the summit.American, reach the summit.
19961996 — Eleven people die — Eleven people die during spring expeditions.during spring expeditions.
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Sir Edmund HillarySir Edmund Hillary
11stst to climb Everest to climb Everest Assisted by Sherpa Assisted by Sherpa
Tenzing NorgayTenzing Norgay 19531953
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Other Northern LandformsOther Northern Landforms Himalayas, Karakoram, & Hindu Kush Himalayas, Karakoram, & Hindu Kush
form barrier between the form barrier between the subcontinent and the rest of Asiasubcontinent and the rest of Asia
Khyber PassKhyber Pass Ganges Plain—at the foot of the Ganges Plain—at the foot of the
HimalayasHimalayas1/10 of the world’s 1/10 of the world’s populationpopulation
3 rivers water the plain: Indus, 3 rivers water the plain: Indus, Ganges, & BrahmaputraGanges, & Brahmaputra
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Central & Southern LandformsCentral & Southern Landforms
Vindhya Range divides India into Vindhya Range divides India into Northern & Southern regionsNorthern & Southern regions
Southern IndiaSouthern Indiaeroded mtns. eroded mtns. Eastern & Western GhatsEastern & Western Ghats
Forms a triangle with the Deccan Forms a triangle with the Deccan PlateauPlateau
Rich soil, but arid (leeward effect)Rich soil, but arid (leeward effect)
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MaldivesMaldivescoral coral atoll islands (coral atoll islands (coral developed on top developed on top of submerged of submerged volcano)volcano)
Sri LankaSri Lankawas was once part of India, once part of India, broke away from broke away from subcontinentsubcontinent
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The development of a coral atoll The development of a coral atoll island:island:
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Indus & Brahmaputra RiversIndus & Brahmaputra Rivers
Indus RiverIndus River Flows through Flows through
PakistanPakistan ““cradle” of ancient cradle” of ancient
IndiaIndia Supplied world’s Supplied world’s
earliest civilizationsearliest civilizations
Brahmaputra RiverBrahmaputra River Flows east through Flows east through
the Himalayas & the Himalayas & then west into then west into BangladeshBangladesh
Merges with Merges with Ganges R.Ganges R.
Major waterwayMajor waterway
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Ganges RiverGanges River S. Asia’s most important S. Asia’s most important riverriver
Source in the Himalayas Source in the Himalayas (does not dry up during (does not dry up during dry season)dry season)
Floods during rainy Floods during rainy seasonseason
Hindus consider it Hindus consider it sacredsacred
““Mythically pure”Mythically pure” Extremely pollutedExtremely polluted World’s largest alluvial World’s largest alluvial
plainplain India’s most densely India’s most densely
populated areapopulated area
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Natural ResourcesNatural Resources
Water: Hydroelectric power; Water: Hydroelectric power; transportationtransportation
S. Asia has some oil/nat. gasS. Asia has some oil/nat. gas Uses imported oilUses imported oil Becoming more dependent on Becoming more dependent on
nuclear sourcesnuclear sources
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Ch. 23: The Physical Ch. 23: The Physical Geography of South AsiaGeography of South Asia
23-2 Notes: Climate & 23-2 Notes: Climate & VegetationVegetation
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South Asia’s ClimatesSouth Asia’s Climates
Much of India is south of the Tropic of Much of India is south of the Tropic of CancerCancer & has a & has a tropicaltropical climate climate
Northern & Western climates vary Northern & Western climates vary from from highlandshighlands to to desertdesert
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Tropical & Subtropical ClimatesTropical & Subtropical Climates West coast of India, West coast of India, GangesGanges Delta, & Delta, &
southern Sri Lanka=tropical rainforest southern Sri Lanka=tropical rainforest climatesclimates– Seasonal rains from the southwest bring much Seasonal rains from the southwest bring much
rain to this arearain to this area
The central Indian steppe & eastern Sri The central Indian steppe & eastern Sri Lanka have a tropical Lanka have a tropical savannasavanna climate climate (wet & dry seasons, grasslands, & (wet & dry seasons, grasslands, & deciduous forests)deciduous forests)
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, NE India have Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, NE India have a humid subtropical climatea humid subtropical climate
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Highlands ClimateHighlands Climate
The coldest areas of The coldest areas of South Asia are on the South Asia are on the northernnorthern edges edges
Snow never melts in the Snow never melts in the HimalayanHimalayan highlands highlands
Forests on the lower Forests on the lower slopesslopes
Grasslands & Grasslands & bamboobamboo are are found in the foothillsfound in the foothills
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Dry ClimatesDry Climates
Dry climates are found Dry climates are found along the lower along the lower IndusIndus RiverRiver
The Great Indian The Great Indian Desert & steppe areas Desert & steppe areas are found here; most are found here; most of this area is of this area is wastelandwasteland
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MonsoonsMonsoons
South Asia has 3 main South Asia has 3 main seasons—hot, seasons—hot, cool, &cool, & wetwet—that depend on the —that depend on the seasonal monsoons (winds)seasonal monsoons (winds)– Hot (late Feb.-June) warm temperaturesHot (late Feb.-June) warm temperatures
—brings —brings drydry air air– Wet (June-Sept.) Moist ocean air comes Wet (June-Sept.) Moist ocean air comes
from the south & SW with from the south & SW with monsoonmonsoon rainsrains
– Cool (Oct-Late Feb) dry monsoons winds Cool (Oct-Late Feb) dry monsoons winds blow from the north & NWblow from the north & NW
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Monsoon RainsMonsoon Rains
Heaviest in Heaviest in easterneastern South AsiaSouth Asia
When rain blows When rain blows over the Ganges over the Ganges delta, the delta, the HimalayasHimalayas block block them from moving them from moving north. north.
Rain then falls on Rain then falls on the Ganges Plainthe Ganges Plain
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Natural DisastersNatural Disasters The The highhigh temperatures of the temperatures of the
hot season are good & badhot season are good & bad Extremely high temps & lack of Extremely high temps & lack of
rain can dry out the soil, rain can dry out the soil, causing causing droughtsdroughts
Too much rain caused by Too much rain caused by monsoons brings monsoons brings floodsfloods & can & can cause great damage & cause great damage & mudslidesmudslides
Cyclones—(like a hurricane) Cyclones—(like a hurricane) high winds, heavy rains, & high winds, heavy rains, & tidaltidal waves waves
Tsunamis—huge wage caused Tsunamis—huge wage caused by an underwater by an underwater earthquakeearthquake (can happen anytime of year)(can happen anytime of year)
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Ch. 24: The Cultural Ch. 24: The Cultural Geography of South AsiaGeography of South Asia
24-1 Notes: Population 24-1 Notes: Population PatternsPatterns
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Human CharacteristicsHuman Characteristics
Over 1.3 billion Over 1.3 billion people live in people live in S.AsiaS.Asia
>>1/51/5 of the world’s of the world’s populationpopulation
Speak hundreds of Speak hundreds of languageslanguages
Practice several Practice several major religionsmajor religions
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IndiaIndia Many Indians Many Indians
identify identify themselves by themselves by their their religionsreligions as Hindus, as Hindus, Muslims, Muslims, BuddhistsBuddhists, , Sikhs, Jains, or Sikhs, Jains, or ChristiansChristians
Others identify Others identify with their with their jatijati——a group that a group that defines their defines their occupation & occupation & social positionsocial position
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Pakistan & BangladeshPakistan & Bangladesh They were once They were once
part of British part of British IndiaIndia Most practice IslamMost practice Islam Later became Later became
separate countriesseparate countries Most people in Most people in
Bangladesh are Bangladesh are BengaliBengali
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Sri Lanka’s Sinhalese & TamilsSri Lanka’s Sinhalese & Tamils The The BuddhistBuddhist Sinhalese are Sinhalese are
the majority & control the the majority & control the gov’tgov’t
HinduHindu Tamils have been Tamils have been fighting for an independent fighting for an independent state in northern Sri Lanka state in northern Sri Lanka since the 1980’ssince the 1980’s
Thousands of deaths, Thousands of deaths, disrupted economy, many disrupted economy, many refugeesrefugees
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Bhutan & NepalBhutan & Nepal The Bhote & The Bhote & TibetanTibetan
people of Bhutan & people of Bhutan & the various ethnic the various ethnic groups of Nepal are groups of Nepal are descended from the descended from the MongoliansMongolians
Most familiar group Most familiar group to outsiders—to outsiders—SherpasSherpas—are known for their —are known for their mountaineering skillsmountaineering skills
A sherpa (Tenzing A sherpa (Tenzing Norgay) made the Norgay) made the first successful first successful ascent of Everest ascent of Everest with Sir with Sir Edmund Edmund HillaryHillary in 1953. in 1953.
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Population Density & DistributionPopulation Density & Distribution
780 people/sq. mile= 780 people/sq. mile= 77 times the world avg.times the world avg.
At present rates, South At present rates, South Asia will nearly double Asia will nearly double its current population by its current population by 2050.2050.
Educational & economic Educational & economic improvements are improvements are helping to slow the ratehelping to slow the rate
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Regional VariationsRegional Variations Most people in the Most people in the
region live in agricultural region live in agricultural areas, like the areas, like the GangesGanges Plain or on the coasts Plain or on the coasts (>2,000 ppl/sq mi)(>2,000 ppl/sq mi)
The tiny Maldives have The tiny Maldives have 2,495 ppl/sq mi—making 2,495 ppl/sq mi—making it the world’s most it the world’s most crowdedcrowded country country
Desert & mtn areas in Desert & mtn areas in western western PakistanPakistan are are thinly populatedthinly populated
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Bangladesh Slows Its GrowthBangladesh Slows Its Growth 22ndnd most populous most populous
country in S. Asiacountry in S. Asia Trouble Trouble feedingfeeding its its
populationpopulation Programs have Programs have
encouraged women to encouraged women to have fewer children & have fewer children & get involved in get involved in businessbusiness
Number of children per Number of children per woman decreased from woman decreased from 4 to 2.8 in the 1990’s4 to 2.8 in the 1990’s
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Urban & Rural LifeUrban & Rural Life
Most of S. Asia’s population is Most of S. Asia’s population is ruralrural Pakistan, most urbanized, but 2/3 Pakistan, most urbanized, but 2/3
ruralrural
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Rural LifeRural Life Rural life has Rural life has
changed littlechanged little Farming, Farming,
villagesvillages, , struggles to struggles to grow enough grow enough cropscrops
Nomadic Nomadic groups that groups that heard camels heard camels & goats& goats
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Growing UrbanizationGrowing Urbanization
Many S. Asians Many S. Asians have moved to have moved to citiescities (better (better jobs)jobs)
Overpopulation—Overpopulation—shortages in shortages in housing, health housing, health care, education, care, education, & serious & serious pollutionpollution
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South Asia’s CitiesSouth Asia’s Cities S. Asian cities are among S. Asian cities are among
the world’s most densely the world’s most densely populated urban areaspopulated urban areas
Mumbai (Mumbai (BombayBombay), a ), a major port city on the major port city on the Arabian Sea, is India’s Arabian Sea, is India’s largest with >18 million largest with >18 million pplppl
Kolkata Kolkata (Calcutta) is a (Calcutta) is a major port city on the major port city on the GangesGanges
5 of the world’s 13 5 of the world’s 13 largest cities are in largest cities are in South AsiaSouth Asia
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9 South South Asia Asia Map Map QuizQuiz
Write the Write the capital capital and and country country name for name for each each number. number.
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9South Asia South Asia
Map QuizMap Quiz
Write the capital Write the capital and country and country name for each name for each number. number.
+2 each for +2 each for naming naming capitals of capitals of countries with countries with squares. squares.
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South Asia South Asia Map QuizMap Quiz
Write the capital Write the capital and country and country name for each name for each number. number.
+2 each for +2 each for naming naming capitals of capitals of countries with countries with squares. squares.
8
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Today’s assignment:Today’s assignment:
Answer all the “Map Study”, “Graph Answer all the “Map Study”, “Graph Study” and picture caption questions Study” and picture caption questions from pg561-578from pg561-578
561 (2), 563 (2), 571 (2), 572 (1), 573 (1), 574 (1), 576 (2), 561 (2), 563 (2), 571 (2), 572 (1), 573 (1), 574 (1), 576 (2), 577 (2), 578 (2)577 (2), 578 (2)
15 questions15 questions
You do not have to write the You do not have to write the questions.questions.