1. Insects whose immature forms closely resemble the adult insect go through which development process?

Acomplete metamorphosis C pupal stage

Bincomplete metamorphosis D larval stage

2. Beetles, bees, and flies have a larval stage in their development in which the young organisms look very different than their adult counterparts. These insects then enter a pupal stage where marked changes in body form take place after which an adult emerges. This type of development is

Aincomplete metamorphosis B placental

Ccomplete metamorphosis D differentiation

Warm-up Notes- Amphibians and Mammals Amphibian and Mammal Worksheet Plant Booklet Project Clean-Up Cool-down

Guided Notes

Amphibians are animals that are adapted for living on both land and in water.

Examples of Amphibians include: frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians

How are frogs and toads different?

Toads have squat bodies with shorter legs and their skin is dry and bumpy. Frogs have moist skin and longer bodies and legs.

Respiration-Amphibians breathe with lungs but many get more oxygen by getting it directly through the skin-this is called skin breathing or cutaneous respiration

Heart-Amphibians basically have a 3 chamber heart that is connected to a two loop circulatory system. The atrium is divided into left and right sides but the ventricle is not divided. This results in a mixture of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood being delivered to the body’s tissues.

Reproduction-frogs and many other amphibians depend on water to complete their life cycle. Females release their eggs into the water and a male’s sperm fertilizes the eggs externally (outside the body).

After a few days, the fertilized eggs hatch into swimming, fish like organisms called tadpoles. Tadpoles breathe with gills and after a period of growth, the body of the tadpole changes into a frog body. This dramatic physical change in which a frog develops is called metamorphosis.

Nutrition-Most amphibians eat insects or other small animals. The tongue is often used to capture prey and most food is not chewed but swallowed whole.

Salt and water regulation is accomplished by organs called the kidneys.

There are four major characteristics of mammals:

1. Hair-only mammals have hair and its primary function (job) is insulation in order to maintain body temperature. Other jobs include getting sensory information, like whiskers, or for blending into the environment.

2. Diverse and specialized teeth-teeth are used to get and chew food, protection, and to perform tasks. Most mammals have 4 kinds of teeth-incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

A mammal’s diet can also be determined by the type of teeth they have. Carnivores have long, sharp canines for grasping and cutting meat, while herbivores have large, flat teeth for grinding plant material.

3. Endothermic metabolism-mammals break down their food in order to make heat internally and maintain a constant body temperature, which means they are endotherms.

4. Mammary glands that produce milk-mammals are unique in how they nourish and care for their young after birth. The milk contains protein, carbohydrates, fat, and water and the young mammals survive on this until they are weaned.

Mammals are also cared for by their mothers for much longer periods of time than other species for food, shelter, and protection, as most species are left to fend for themselves shortly after birth.

Respiration-mammals have very efficient lungs with a large surface area for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Respiration is helped by a muscle called the diaphragm-which pushes air into and out of the lungs. The lungs also contain alveoli-small grape-shaped chambers that increase surface area

Circulation-mammals have a 4-chambered heart with 2 atriums on the top and 2 ventricles on the bottom. They also have a double-loop circulation system, which allows them to keep the oxygen-rich blood going to the body and the oxygen-poor blood going to the lungs completely separate.

Excretion-mammals have very highly developed kidneys, which allows them to produce concentrated urine that conserves water.

There are 3 large groups of mammals based on how they reproduce, however all mammals use internal fertilization:

1. Placental mammals-these animals develop inside the female’s uterus, where they are nourished by the mother’s blood. An organ called the placenta allows nutrients and oxygen to diffuse from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood. The period of time between fertilization and birth is called gestation, and this is usually pretty long which results in the birth of completely developed young.

2. Marsupials-These animals are born just a few days after fertilization, and then crawl to the mother’s pouch, where they remain while they grow and develop until they are able to leave the pouch. Most of the marsupial species-kangaroos, wombats, wallaroos-live in the Australian region.

3. Monotremes-There are a few mammals that reproduce using eggs, these are called monotremes and include the platypus and the echidna. These species are found in Australia, New Guinea, and South America.

(echidna)

(aardvark)

(armadillo)

(echnida)

1. Name two methods amphibians use to get oxygen.

2. The three large groups of mammals are divided based on how they…?

1. Which would be classified as a virus?A. AIDS and influenzaB. Influenza and strept throatC. Sinus infection and strept throatD. Sinus infection and AIDS

2. Which of the following best describes the main difference between a plant cell and a bacteria cell?

A. Plant cells have a cell wall and bacteria cells do not.B. Plant cells have a nuclear membrane and bacteria

cells do not.C. Plants cells have a plasma membrane and

bacteria cells do not.D. Plant cells have chloroplast and bacteria cells do not.

Warm-up Immune System Textbook Questions Mammal Characteristic Diagram Stations Clean-Up Cool-down

(echidna)

(aardvark)

(armadillo)

(echnida)

1. Draw a mammal (any mammal- use you book, memory, pictures from the next slide, to choose your animal)

2. Label the 4 major characteristics of mammals.

3. Underneath the label, give the function of that characteristic.

1. Which of the following is responsible for maintaining homeostasis inside the cell in an ever-changing external environment?

A. Cell wall B. Plasma membraneC. Ribosome D. Mitochondria

2. If the vascular tissue of a plant was damaged, what process effected most immediately?

A. Transport of water to the leavesB. Absorption of water into the rootsC. Movement of sugar through the stemD. Gas exchange in the leaves

Warm-up GATTACA Clean-Up Cool-down

1. What type of tissue that seedless plants lack forces them to remain small and live in moist environments?

A. Dermal B. Xylem and phloemC. Ground D. Bark

2. Which best describes the differences of DNA of members of different species?

A. Difference in the nucleotide sequenceB. Difference in sugarsC. Difference in phosphate groupD. Difference in bond structure

Warm-up Exam Review Finish GATTACA Clean-Up Cool-down

1. Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disorder. What is the genotype of a female carrier? A. XhXh B. XHYC. XhY D. XHXh

2. Which of the following is used for the long-term storage of energy?

A. Carbohydrate B. LipidC. Protein D. Nucleic Acid

Warm-up Review Exam Holiday Review Packet Clean-Up Cool-down