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Transcript of 1 Increasing Energy Access while mitigating climate change Case for Energy Efficiency PAUL KIRAI...
1
Increasing Energy Access
while mitigating climate change
Case for Energy EfficiencyPAUL KIRAI
National Project Manager, GEF-KAM ENERGY PROJECT - Kenya
At the e-parliament November 2006,
Ol Tukai Lodge - Amboseli
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Accessibility factors
Availability – scarce energy recourses, distance,
Cost, affordability - Prohibitive acquisition and maintenance costs
Awareness – Not knowing options
– Large population in Asia and sub-Sahara
Africa rely primarily on biomass fuel
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Need for “new Power”
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Options for increasing Energy Access
Generate More Energy Improve distributionReduce Demand
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Constraints to Availability
Power sectorInefficient Generation, Distribution Losses – Up to 23%End use Losses – Up to 40%
Wood fuel Sector Poor production efficiency 15-30% (Uncontrolled and illegal operations)Inefficient end use - stovesSame for petroleum Sector
Losses contribute to scarcity and price increase
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Electricity Losses
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
19711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999
Energy Consumption per GDP : MTOE/Million $
China India Japan Kenya United States
`
Energy Intensity Vs GDPEnergy Intensity Vs GDP
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Energy Elasticity
Total Final Energy Consumption & GDP
4.10
4.20
4.30
4.40
4.50
4.60
4.70
4.80
3.05 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.55
log (GDP)
log (Energy)
Energy demand is 1.4 times higher than GDP growthEnergy demand is 1.4 times higher than GDP growth
Energy-GDP Elasticity
Avg.'85-20011998 1999 2000 20011994 1995 1996 19971990 1991 1992 1993
1.401.07Energy Elasticity0.97
1985
1.47 1.08 1.511.24 1.34 1.64 1.94 -3.50 0.58 0.970.47
Source : EIA,DOE, BP Statistic Review of World Energy, EGAT
Energy Elasticity = Energy Elasticity = ∆∆tt Energy Consumption/ Energy Consumption/ ∆∆tt GDPGDP
Ave. Energy Elasticity
1.4 : 1.0
New Target1 : 1
or lower
Thailand
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Kenya Energy Scenario•High Biomass Use
•Dependence on imported petroleum products for Industry and Transport. Represents close to 30 % of Kenya’s total import bill. Meets 90% of commercial energy demand
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Kenya Energy Scenario•Shortfall in hydro
electricity generation resulting in increased thermal generation - Large Commercial and industrial consume 60% of electricity generated.
•Wastage of energy ranges between 10% and 30% of primary energy input
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Energy Saving Potential
Estimated energy saving potential in Kenya for selected sub-sectors
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Introducing energy efficiency in industryThe GEF-KAM Project
.
Awareness
Capacity Building
Financial Mechanisms
Institutional Development and Sustainability
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Adoption in Industry
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Where are the Energy Savings
Technology Upgrade
coupled with attitude change
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Capacity Utilization- Drying Ovens
FiltersAir
Damper
Hot air
Exhaust gas @ 140 DegCFlue gas @ 310 DegCExcess air: 15-20%
The primer drier can accommodate 2 trolleysIf size is reduced, it can accommodate 3
11000 mm
3500 Size of the drier
For the present operation, only one ovenOut of 3 ovens will be sufficient
Savings in IDO: 22%
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Fine tuning – Boiler excess air control
Boiler no.13000 lbs/hr
Furnace oilTemp: Above 120 degC
AirTemp: 30 Deg C
Feed WaterTemp: 85 Deg C
SteamPr: 7 bar. G
Flue GasesTemp: 247 Deg
C%O2; 11.8%CO2: 6.7
CO: 1100 ppm
Boiler efficiency: 75.4%Excess air: 120%
Dry Flue gas losses: 17.8%Moisture losses: 5.2%Radiation losses: 2 %
Blowdown losses: 0
Issues:Very high Excess air (90-100%)Very high flue gas temperature
Very high CO percentageHigh FO temp
Before adjustment
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Technology Upgrade - Waste heat recovery
Boiler-13 TPH
Boiler-23 TPH
Boiler-23 TPH
F.O
Steam to process
Steam to process
Steam to process
Flue gas at 230 to 270 Deg C
Flue gas at 230 to 270 Deg C
Flue gas at 280 to 300 Deg C
RecoverWaste heat from the flue gases• FG temp can be at 170 Deg C• Hot water may be generated
•For use in processSavings potential:
1.2 million KSh per year (6%)Investment: 0.6 million KSh
Pay back: 6 months
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OIL CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS
0.19
0.20
0.18
0.20
0.16
0.14
0.15
0.15 0.14
0.13
0.18
0.23
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MONTH
LTS/KGS PROD.
Energy efficiency measures
Practical energy savings
Lowering of energy intensities in a textile plant in Kenya
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“Realized” Power from GEF-KAM Project
Energy Savings
115,000Toe or 1,198 GWh in 4yrs – worth US$22m
Represents 1/4 of annual electricity consumption or a Equivalent to 140MW generation plant operating for 1 Yr
This available Power!!
CO2 Savings estimates
5 years - 580,000 tonnes @ $5.50 per tonne,
15 years - 5.27 million tonnes @US$ 0.6 per tonne
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“New” Energy from Demand Reduction
25% reduction in energy consumption
Ene
rgy
Uni
ts
Time
25%
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Some Benefits of Energy Efficiency
Availability of energy at 1/3 cost of new generation
Lower environmental impacts Reduce Foreign Exchange
Expenditures Keep and Create Jobs Contribute to Poverty reduction
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Challenges for Policy
Promoting Energy Efficiency at all levelsMaking the “saved” energy available for increasing access to energyManaging Rebound effect (protecting the gains)Up-scaling to all sectors of the economyLack of targets, and standards
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Policy Suggestions
1. Establish legislation to promote and improve efficiency
Generation – Set Targets (Lts/KW) Distribution (low losses) Utilization of Energy
2. Introduce Energy Standards and Labels 3. Introduce incentive schemes4. Mainstream Energy Efficiency into policy and
energy policy and programmes.5. Build capacity
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Engage all stakeholders
public-private partnership
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•Thank You