1. Identical copies of a chromosome that are attached by a centromere are called ______. A.a...
-
Upload
garey-sanders -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
0
Transcript of 1. Identical copies of a chromosome that are attached by a centromere are called ______. A.a...
1. Identical copies of a chromosome that are attached by a centromere are called ______ .
A. a homologous pairB. sister chromatidsC. CentriolesD. gametes
a homologous p
air
sister c
hromatids
Centrioles
gametes
25% 25%25%25%
2. Sister chromatids are produced during which part of the cell cycle? (In other words, when is the new DNA synthesized/replicated?).
A. InterphaseB. ProphaseC. MetaphaseD. Cytokinesis
Interphase
Prophase
Meta
phase
Cytokinesis
25% 25%25%25%
During interphase, each chromosome is replicated to create two IDENTICAL copies called sister chromatids.
3. The purpose of mitosis is
A. To produce new cells for growthB. To produce new cells for repairing
damage tissueC. To produce the gametes (egg or sperm)D. Both A and BE. A, B and C
To produce
new cells
for..
.
To produce
new cells
for..
.
To produce
the gamete
s...
Both A and B
A, B and C
20% 20% 20%20%20%
4. The chromosomes condense into shorter, thicker bands that are visible under the microscope during which phase?
A. InterphaseB. ProphaseC. MetaphaseD. AnaphaseE. Telophase
Interphase
Prophase
Meta
phase
Anaphase
Telophase
20% 20% 20%20%20%
5. The nuclear membrane breaks down during which phase?
A. InterphaseB. ProphaseC. MetaphaseD. AnaphaseE. Telophase
Interphase
Prophase
Meta
phase
Anaphase
Telophase
20% 20% 20%20%20%
6. During interphase the DNA is unwound in a very long, thin strand because
A. The cell is inactiveB. Proteins are being producedC. The DNA is replicated prior to the cell
divisionD. B and C
The cell i
s inacti
ve
Proteins a
re being pro
...
The DNA is re
plicated pr..
.
B and C
25% 25%25%25%
7. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the spindle.
A. ProphaseB. MetaphaseC. AnaphaseD. Telophase /
Cytokinesis
Prophase
Meta
phase
Anaphase
Telophase /
Cytokinesis
25% 25%25%25%
8. During which phase does the cell divide into two new cells?
A. ProphaseB. MetaphaseC. AnaphaseD. Telophase / Cytokinesis
Prophase
Meta
phase
Anaphase
Telophase /
Cytokinesis
25% 25%25%25%
9. During which phase do the sister chromatids separate and begin moving towards the poles of the spindle?
A. ProphaseB. MetaphaseC. AnaphaseD. Telophase / Cytokinesis
Prophase
Meta
phase
Anaphase
Telophase /
Cytokinesis
25% 25%25%25%
10. A piece of DNA that controls one trait / stores the information to produce 1 protein.
A. GeneB. ChromosomesC. ChromatidD. Homologous pair
Gene
Chromoso
mes
Chromatid
Homologous p
air
25% 25%25%25%
11. Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of a ______________ . Cytokinesis in animal cells the involves formation of a _____________ .
A. Cell plate; cleavage furrowB. Cleavage furrow; cell plateC. Cell plate; cell plateD. Cleavage furrow; cleavage furrow
Cell plat
e; cleava
ge furro
w
Cleavage fu
rrow; c
ell plate
Cell plat
e; cell p
late
Cleavage fu
rrow; c
leava..
25% 25%25%25%
Cell plate forms in plant cells due to rigid cell wall.
Animal cells divide by pinching apart, forming cleavage furrow.
12. Which is the correct order of phases for mitosis?
A. Telophase, prophase, anaphase, metaphaseB. Anaphase, metaphase, telophase, prophaseC. Metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophaseD. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseE. Prophase, telophase, anaphase, metaphase
Telophase, p
rophase
, an...
Anaphase, m
etaphase
, t...
Meta
phase, te
lophase, ..
.
Prophase
, meta
phase, a
...
Prophase
, telophase
, an...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
13. A gamete is
A. a body cellB. an egg or spermC. a diploid cellD. A and CE. B and C
a body cell
an egg or s
perm
a diploid cell
A and C
B and C
20% 20% 20%20%20%
14. The purpose of meiosis is
A. To produce new cells for growthB. To produce new cells for repair of
damage tissueC. To produce the gametes (egg or sperm)D. A and BE. A, B and C
To produce
new cells
for..
.
To produce
new cells
for..
.
To produce
the gamete
s...
A and B
A, B and C
20% 20% 20%20%20%
15. Two chromosomes that are the same length and have genes for the same trait, but are not identical (can have different alleles of those traits) are called
A. A homologous pairB. Sister chromatidsC. AnalogsD. Chromatin
A homologous p
air
Sister c
hromatids
Analogs
Chromatin
25% 25%25%25%
16. Sister chromatids are present
A. in all cells, throughout the cell cycleB. only in cells that are undergoing
mitosisC. only in cells that are undergoing
meiosisD. only in cells undergoing cell division
(either mitosis or meiosis)
in all c
ells, th
rough
out t..
only in ce
lls th
at are
un...
only in ce
lls th
at are
un...
only in ce
lls underg
oing ce..
25% 25%25%25%
During normal cell activity (G1 of interphase) there is only one copy of each chromosome- which is very long and thin and therefore not visible under a microscope.When a cell is ready to divide (mitosis or meiosis) the chromosomes are first replicated to make the identical sister chromatids.
17. Different forms of a gene for the same trait (such as the gene forms for bushy vs. thin for eyebrows) may be found on
A. Homologous chromosomes
B. Sister chromatidsC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B
Homologous c
hromoso
mes
Sister c
hromatids
Both A and B
Neither A
nor B
25% 25%25%25%
If “A” represents the arched eyebrows form of the gene and “a” represents the nonarched eyebrows form of the gene, note that both chromosomes in the homologous pair have a form of the eyebrow shape gene in the same position. However, it can be these different forms for the gene.
The sister chromatids have the same form. These two sister chromatids are copies produced by DNA replication and are identical (unless crossing over has occurred during meiosis)
18. Homologous pairs of chromosomes are present in cells that are
A. HaploidB. DiploidC. A gameteD. Both A and BE. A, B and C
Haploid
Diploid
A gamete
Both A and B
A, B and C
20% 20% 20%20%20%
19. Cells that are diploid include
A. Somatic cells (body cells)
B. Gametes (egg and sperm)
C. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B
Somatic cells
(body ce
lls)
Gametes (
egg an
d sperm
)
Both A and B
Neither A
nor B
25% 25%25%25%
Somatic (body ) cells have homologous pairs of chromosomes and are therefore diploid. One of each chromosome comes from each parent. Meiosis divides the cells to separate the homologous pairs so that each egg or sperm only has one of each chromosome and is therefore a haploid cell. In this way, one of each chromosomes is passed down to the offspring from each parent.
Egg and sperm
Body cells
20. In meiosis, the DNA is replicated ___ x, which is followed by ____ cell division(s), resulting in ____ cells.
A. 0; 1; 2B. 1; 1; 2C. 1; 1; 4D. 1; 2; 4E. 2; 2; 4
0; 1; 2
1; 1; 2
1; 1; 4
1; 2; 4
2; 2; 4
20% 20% 20%20%20%
Meiosis
21. Mitosis produces _______ cells and meiosis produces ________ cells.
A. haploid; diploidB. diploid; haploidC. haploid; haploidD. diploid; diploid
haploid; d
iploid
diploid; haploid
haploid; h
aploid
diploid; diploid
25% 25%25%25%
22. During meiosis I ___________ separate, whereas during mitosis _______ separate.
A. Homologous pairs; Sister chromatidsB. Sister chromatids; Homologous pairsC. Homologous pairs separate in both meiosis I
and mitosisD. Sister chromatids separate in both meiosis I
and mitosis
Homologous p
airs; S
ister..
.
Sister c
hromatids;
Homo...
Homologous p
airs se
para..
Sister c
hromatids s
eparat..
.
25% 25%25%25%
In mitosis, each chromosome lines up separately, so that the daughter cells still have pairs of chromosomes.
In meiosis I, the homologous pairs divide, so the daughter cells have only one of each chromosome. (The second division separates the sister chromatid copies.)
23. If a woman inherited the AW combination of allele for two genes from her father and the combination aw from her mother, which of the following processes will allow genetic recombination so that her offspring can inherit the combinations aW or Aw.
A. Independent assortment in meiosisB. Crossing over in meiosisC. A and BD. Recombination does not occur
Independent asso
rtment .
.
Crossi
ng over i
n meiosis
A and B
Recombination does n
ot...
25% 25%25%25%
24. The law of independent assortment means that
A. Homologous chromosomes can exchange segments of DNA
B. Sister chromatids separateC. Homologous chromosomes separateD. Each homologous pair lines up on
the spindle independently of all other pairs.
Homologous c
hromoso
m..
Sister c
hromatids s
eparate
Homologous c
hromoso
m..
Each homologous p
air li...
25% 25%25%25%
If two different genes are on different chromosomes, recombinants (new combinations) are equally likely because there is 50% chance that the chromosomes will line up in either orientation during meiosis.
25. When two genes are on the same chromosome, genetic recombination (new combinations of possible genes)
A. Does not occurB. Can occur due to the law of
independent assortmentC. Can occur due to crossing overD. Can occur due to the law of
segregation
Does not o
ccur
Can occur d
ue to th
e law ..
Can occur d
ue to cr
ossin...
Can occur d
ue to th
e law...
25% 25%25%25%
Parental Combinations: ac and AC
Recombinant Chromosomes: Ac and aC
26. Cancer is caused by
A. Uncontrolled enzyme productionB. Uncontrolled meiotic divisionsC. Uncontrolled mitotic divisionsD. A decrease in enzyme activity
Uncontro
lled enzym
e pr...
Uncontro
lled m
eiotic div.
..
Uncontro
lled m
itotic d
ivi...
A decrease
in enzy
me act...
25% 25%25%25%
27. Match the following words to the blanks.I. Benign A. A spread of cancer cells in the bodyII. Malignant B. A harmful / cancerous tumorIII. Metastasis C. A harmless / noncancerous tumor
A. I – A, II- B, III – CB. I- C, II-A, III-BC. I-C, II-B, III-AD. I-B, II-A, III- C
I – A, II
- B, II
I – C
I- C, II
-A, II
I-B
I-C, II
-B, II
I-A
I-B, II
-A, II
I- C
25% 25%25%25%
28. In cats, the number of chromosomes in body cells is 38. What is the number of chromosomes in their egg or sperm?
A. 19B. 23C. 28D. 76
19 23 28 76
25% 25%25%25%
The number of chromosomes in the body cells is the diploid (2n) number.
The number of chromosomes in the egg or sperm is the haploid (n) number.
If 2n = 38, than the egg or sperm will have half this number (one of each instead of two)
N= 19 for cats.
29. The haploid number of chromosomes for a horse is 32. The diploid number of chromosomes for horses is
A. 16B. 23C. 32D. 46E. 64
16 23 32 46 64
20% 20% 20%20%20%
30. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Of these chromosome pairs, 22 pairs are homologous pairs (same length etc.) in both males and females. These are called the _______________ chromosomes.
A. AutosomalB. Sex chromosomesC. BenignD. X and YE. B and D
Autoso
mal
Sex chro
mosomes
Benign
X and Y
B and D
20% 20% 20%20%20%
Chromosome pairs 1-22 are the autosomal chromosomes that are homologous in both males and females.
31. The chromosomes from the person on the previous page, showed that the 23rd pair (the sex chromosomes) were not homologous with a longer X and a shorter Y. This shows that the chromosomes were from a
A. FemaleB. Male
Female
Male
50%50%
32. Recall that mitochondria have their own DNA which encodes proteins needed within the mitochondria. These mitochondrial genes always come from
A. the father since spermatogenesis (meiosis to produce sperm) produces larger cells
B. the father since only the father has a Y chromosome
C. the mother since oogenesis (meiosis to produce sperm) produces larger eggs
D. the mother since the mother has two X chromosomes th
e fath
er since
sperm
a...
the fa
ther s
ince only
the ...
the m
other s
ince oogenes..
the m
other s
ince th
e mo...
25% 25%25%25%
Extension Question
The egg is much larger than the sperm and provides all of the mitochondria for the developing zygote (fertilized egg). Spermatogenesis produces four equal sized cells that are smaller. This process creates a greater quantity of sperm. Oogenesis produces 1 larger ovum (egg) and three nonfunctional polar bodies. Thus fewer eggs are produced, but they contain the organelles to be passed down to the zygote.
1.B2.A3.D4.B5.B6.D7.B8.D9.C10.A11.A12.D13.B14.C15. A
16. D17. A18. B19. A20. D21. B22. A23. C24. D25. C26. C27. C28. A29. E30. A31. B32. C