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HVACR116 – Trade Skills

Plan ViewsElevationsPlan ViewsElevations

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Plan ViewsPlan Views

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ObjectivesObjectives

• After completing this unit, you will be able to explain the general kinds of information shown on the listed plans:o Site planso Foundation planso Floor plans

• After completing this unit, you will be able to explain the general kinds of information shown on the listed plans:o Site planso Foundation planso Floor plans

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Site PlansSite Plans

• Gives site information and where the building will be constructed

• Boundary is shown with a heavy line or with one or two short dashes between longer line segmento Length is noted next to line symbol

• Symbol indicates compass direction site faces• Indicate where building is positioned on the site

• Gives site information and where the building will be constructed

• Boundary is shown with a heavy line or with one or two short dashes between longer line segmento Length is noted next to line symbol

• Symbol indicates compass direction site faces• Indicate where building is positioned on the site

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Site Plans (cont’d.)Site Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–1. Minimum information shown on a site plan.

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Foundation PlansFoundation Plans

• Shows foundation walls and structural work to be done below living spaceso Footing

Supports foundation walls with a concrete baseo Slab-on-grade foundation

Concrete slab placed directly on soil with little (or no) other support

• Shows foundation walls and structural work to be done below living spaceso Footing

Supports foundation walls with a concrete baseo Slab-on-grade foundation

Concrete slab placed directly on soil with little (or no) other support

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Foundation Plans (cont’d.)Foundation Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–2. Footing and foundation wall.

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Foundation Plans (cont’d.)Foundation Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–3. Slab-on-grade foundation.

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Foundation Plans (cont’d.)Foundation Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–4. A girder provides intermediate support between the foundation walls.

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Foundation Plans (cont’d.)Foundation Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–5. Foundation plan.

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Floor PlansFloor Plans

• Section view taken at a height o Shows placement of walls, windows, doors, cabinets,

and other important featureso A separate floor plan is included for each building flooro Provides more information than any other drawing

• Section view taken at a height o Shows placement of walls, windows, doors, cabinets,

and other important featureso A separate floor plan is included for each building flooro Provides more information than any other drawing

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Building LayoutBuilding Layout

• Floor plans show locations of all walls, doors, windows, how building is divided into rooms and how to get from one room to anothero Familiarize yourself with layout by imagining yourself

walking through the house

• Floor plans show locations of all walls, doors, windows, how building is divided into rooms and how to get from one room to anothero Familiarize yourself with layout by imagining yourself

walking through the house

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DimensionsDimensions

• Given for sizes and locations of all walls, partitions, doors, windows, and other important featureso On frame construction, exterior walls are dimensioned to

outside face of wall framingo If walls are to be covered, material is outside the

dimensioned face of wall frameo Interior partitions may be dimensioned to centerlines or

face of studs

• Given for sizes and locations of all walls, partitions, doors, windows, and other important featureso On frame construction, exterior walls are dimensioned to

outside face of wall framingo If walls are to be covered, material is outside the

dimensioned face of wall frameo Interior partitions may be dimensioned to centerlines or

face of studs

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Dimensions (cont’d.)Dimensions (cont’d.)

• Windows and doors may be dimensioned about their centerlines, or edges of openings

• Solid masonry construction is dimensioned entirely to face of masonry

• Masonry openings for doors and windows are dimensioned to the edge of openings

• Windows and doors may be dimensioned about their centerlines, or edges of openings

• Solid masonry construction is dimensioned entirely to face of masonry

• Masonry openings for doors and windows are dimensioned to the edge of openings

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Dimensions (cont’d.)Dimensions (cont’d.)

Figure 6–6. Frame construction dimensioning.

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Dimensions (cont’d.)Dimensions (cont’d.)

Figure 6–7. Masonry construction dimensioning.

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Other Features of Floor PlansOther Features of Floor Plans

• Floor plans include as much information as possible without making it cluttered and hard to reado Doors and windows are shown by their symbolso Cabinets are shown in proper positions

Explained further by elevations and detailso Stairs are showno Overhead construction is indicated

• Floor plans include as much information as possible without making it cluttered and hard to reado Doors and windows are shown by their symbolso Cabinets are shown in proper positions

Explained further by elevations and detailso Stairs are showno Overhead construction is indicated

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Other Features of Floor Plans (cont’d.)Other Features of Floor Plans (cont’d.)

• If the ceiling is framed with joists, their size, direction, and spacing are shown

• Architectural features (e.g., exposed beams, arches in doorways, or unusual roof lines) may be shown by phantom lines

• If the ceiling is framed with joists, their size, direction, and spacing are shown

• Architectural features (e.g., exposed beams, arches in doorways, or unusual roof lines) may be shown by phantom lines

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ElevationsElevations

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ObjectivesObjectives

• After completing this unit, you will be able to perform the following tasks:o Orient building elevations to building planso Explain the kinds of information shown on elevations

• After completing this unit, you will be able to perform the following tasks:o Orient building elevations to building planso Explain the kinds of information shown on elevations

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IntroductionIntroduction

• Elevations are drawings that show object height o When builders and architects refer to building elevations,

they mean exterior elevation drawingso A working drawing set includes elevation of the buildings

four sides A complex building may have more A simple building may have less

• Elevations are drawings that show object height o When builders and architects refer to building elevations,

they mean exterior elevation drawingso A working drawing set includes elevation of the buildings

four sides A complex building may have more A simple building may have less

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Figure 7–1. Building elevations.

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Orienting ElevationsOrienting Elevations

• Helps to determine the relationship of one drawing to another

• Elevations are named according to compass directions (e.g., side that faces north is the north elevation)o Allows them to be oriented to other plans

• Helps to determine the relationship of one drawing to another

• Elevations are named according to compass directions (e.g., side that faces north is the north elevation)o Allows them to be oriented to other plans

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Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–2. Elevations are usually named according to their compass directions.

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Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–3. Plan labeled to help orientation to north arrow.

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Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)

• Sometimes compass directions cannot be used (e.g., when drawings are for use on several sites)o Elevations are then named according to their position

when facing the building

• Sometimes compass directions cannot be used (e.g., when drawings are for use on several sites)o Elevations are then named according to their position

when facing the building

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Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–4. Elevations can be named according to their relative positions.

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Information on Building ElevationsInformation on Building Elevations

• Building elevations do not include a lot of detailso Shows finished appearance of building better than other

viewso Shows most of the building, as it will actually appear,

with solid lineso Underground portion is shown with hidden lines

• Building elevations do not include a lot of detailso Shows finished appearance of building better than other

viewso Shows most of the building, as it will actually appear,

with solid lineso Underground portion is shown with hidden lines

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Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–5. Underground portion of the building is shown with dashed lines.

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Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)

• Footing is shown as a rectangle of dashed lines at the bottom of foundation walls

• Ground surface is shown by a heavy solid line (i.e., grade line)

• May include notes to indicate elevation above sea level or reference point (altitude or height)

• Footing is shown as a rectangle of dashed lines at the bottom of foundation walls

• Ground surface is shown by a heavy solid line (i.e., grade line)

• May include notes to indicate elevation above sea level or reference point (altitude or height)

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Figure 7–6. The elevation of this site is 150 feet.

Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)

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Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)

• Dimensions include:o Thickness of footingo Height of foundation wallso Top of foundation to finished first flooro Finished floor to ceiling or top of plate o Finished floor to bottom of window headerso Roof overhang at eaves

• Dimensions include:o Thickness of footingo Height of foundation wallso Top of foundation to finished first flooro Finished floor to ceiling or top of plate o Finished floor to bottom of window headerso Roof overhang at eaves

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Figure 7–7. Dimensions on an elevation.

Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)