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Transcript of 1 GESA GE Substation Automation for the world. 2 Substation Automation > Requirements > Protective...
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1
GESAGE Substation Automation
for the world
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2
Substation Automation
> Requirements
> Protective relay hardware
> Protective relay logic
> Relay to relay data communication
> Local/Bay control
> WAN
> SCADA
Agenda
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Requirements:
• Most up to date CPU’s yet expect 20 to 30 year MTBF.
• Built in programmable controller functionality
• High speed relay to relay data communication
• Expandable:
• I/O
• Multiple CT and VT Modules with the ability to calculate virtual sources
Solution:
•Modularity
Protective Relay
Introduction
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Requirements:
• Reusable code to reduced development time
• Reduce training requirements: family of protective
relays with same touch and feel and common
feel and common hardware components
Solution:
• Design must be based on a Platform
Protective Relay
Protective Relay
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• High speed relay to relay service part of a protocol suite optimized for Utility applications
• Redundant Star fiber configuration:
• elimination of single point failures
• Readily available proven LAN components
• Open Architecture
Relay to Relay Communications
Introduction
Primary
Back-up
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• High speed HMI service part of a protocol suit optimized for Utility applications.
• Standard naming convention
• Direct connection to high speed substation LAN.
• User configurable graphics display.
• Primary graphic, control and monitoring functions
Local / Bay Control
Introduction
Local/Bay control
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WAN Requirements
Substation 1 Substation 2
Substation 3 Substation 4
Redundant fiber WAN
Introduction
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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition - SCADA
Enterprise
• Budget accurately
• Asses cost of service
• Allocate capacity
• Faster service response
Operations
• Remote status and control
• Analyze power quality
• Identify events
• Receive fault records
• Target Maintenance
• Loading trends
Introduction
Information not Data:
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Data Communications Hierarchy
Introduction
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Substation Automation
> Requirements
> Protective relay hardware
> Protective relay logic engine
> Relay to relay data communication
> Local/Bay control
> WAN
> SCADA
Agenda
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“The engine for substation automation”
The ‘Universal Relay’ Family
Protective Relay
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FeederFeederTransformerTransformer
GeneratorGenerator
TransmissionTransmissionLineLine
Cost ($)Cost ($)
PerformancePerformanceUniversal
Relay BusbarBusbar
Feeder Line Transformer Generator
Busbar ControlPowerQuality
The Challenges of the ‘Universal Relay’
Application Software
Protective Relay
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High-Speed Data BusHigh-Speed Data Bus
Po
wer
Su
pp
ly
CP
UM
ain
Pro
ce
ss
or
DS
P &
Mag
net
ics
DS
P p
roce
sso
r +
CT
/VT
s
DIG
ITA
L I/
OSt
atus
Inpu
ts /
Con
trol
Out
puts
AN
AL
OG
I/O
An
alo
g T
ran
sd
uc
er
I/O
CO
MM
UN
ICA
TIO
NS
(Eth
ern
et, H
DL
C, U
AR
T)
DisplayDisplay
KeypadKeypad
LEDModules
LEDModules
LEDModules
LEDModules
LEDModules
LEDModules
Modular HMI Panel
Six BasicModules
Universal Relay Architecture - ‘Modularity’
Protective Relay
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19’’ Chassis(4RU high)
Physical Realization
Po
wer
Su
pp
ly
CP
UM
ain
Pro
cess
or
DSP
& M
agne
tics
DSP
pro
cess
or +
CT/
VTs
DIG
ITA
L I
/OSt
atus
Inpu
ts /
Con
trol
Out
puts
AN
AL
OG
I/O
Ana
log
Tran
sduc
er I/
O
CO
MM
UN
ICA
TIO
NS
(Eth
erne
t, H
DLC
, UA
RT)
ModularHMI
High-Speed Data BusHigh-Speed Data Bus
Modules
Protective Relay
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Modularity... P
ow
er S
up
ply
Power Supply
•Wide input range •24 - 300 VDC•20 - 265 VAC
•High Efficiency SMPS•> 80%
CPU
CP
UM
ain
Pro
cess
or
•High-speed 32-Bit RISC CPU
•> 50 MIPS, up to 120 MIPS
•FLASH memory •Easy firmware upgrades
High-Speed Comms support•10/100Mbps Ethernet LAN•Redundant Fiber
DSP + CT/VT
DS
P &
Mag
net
ics
DS
P p
roce
sso
r +
CT
/VT
s
•Modular CT/VT configurations • up to 8 CT/VTs
•High-speed digital sampling•>16 Bit A/D•> 64 samples / power cycle
•High-speed 16-Bit DSP•> 32 MIPS, up to 80 MIPS
Protective Relay
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•Control outputs •Solid State•Electromechanical - multiple types•Fast activation speeds (< 4ms)
•Status inputs•Dry and Wet contacts•18 - 300 VDC•Fast detection speeds (< 4ms)
DIG
ITA
L I/
OSt
atus
Inpu
ts /
Con
trol
Out
puts
Digital I/O
•Transducer type inputs •± dcmA•±Voltage•Resistive
•Outputs for Legacy SCADA•± dcmA
•Support multiple I/O configurations
Analog I/O
AN
AL
OG
I/O
An
alo
g T
ran
sdu
cer
I/O
Communications
CO
MM
UN
ICA
TIO
NS
(Eth
ern
et, H
DL
C, U
AR
T)
•High-speed Serial•Asynchronous (9600 - 115K Baud)•Synchronous (56K - 256K Bps)•Fiber Optical (Single/Multimode)•Channel Redundancy
Modularity...
Protective Relay
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Inter-Module Communications
High-Speed Data Bus
High-Speed Inter-Processor Serial Data Bus: 16Mbps
High-Speed Serial Communications Bus: 10Mbps
High-Speed Parallel Data Bus: 80 - 100 Mbytes/sec
Multiple buses allow for high-performance:•Protection and communications without bottlenecks
Protective Relay
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Scalability
Minimum
Maximum
Protective Relay
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‘Box’ Capacity
CT/VT (I & V) inputsup to 3 modules
Status (Binary) inputsup to 6 modules
Control (contact) outputsup to 6 modules
Analog (Transducer) I/Oup to 6 modules
24 (max)
8/module
96 (max)
16/module
48 (max)
8/module
48 (max)
8/module
Protective Relay
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Configuration/Flexibility
Sub-Modules
Protective Relay
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Sub-Module Types
Current & Voltage
Control and Status I/O
Analog (Transducer) I/O
CT, VT
Optical, DigitalFuture
Future
Form-AForm-C
Solid-StateWet/Dry Input
Customer - ??
1mA, 4-20mA, 0-5mARTD (Pt, Ni, Cu)5V, Resistive
Future Customer - ??
Protective Relay
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‘Upgradeability’/Serviceability
CT Shorting‘Clips’
Field Wiring Undisturbed
ModuleKeying
‘Plug n Play’
Easy ModuleDraw-out
Protective Relay
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•L60 (Transmission Line: Phase Comparison) •L90 (Transmission Line: Current Differential) •D60 (Transmission Line: Distance) •F3x (Feeder: Multiple Feeders - Basic Protection) •F60 (Feeder: Comprehensive w Hi-Z) •T60 (Transformer: Comprehensive) •C30 (Control IED) •C60 (Breaker Management IED)
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
The UR Family - One Common Architecture
•URPC (Entry Level HMI, Engineering Tool)•PMCS (Full Featured Systems HMI)
•G60 (Generator: Comprehensive > 100MVA)•B30 (Busbar: Basic 6 Feeder ) •B90 (Busbar: Comprehensive up to 30 Feeders)
GENERATION (Available in 2000)
SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
The UR Family
Protective Relay
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The UR Family
Protective Relay
FEATURES
• FlexLogic™
• Distributed FlexLogic™
• Virtual I/O (reduce hardware cost)
• Expandable I/O
• Flash monory for field upgrades
• Drawout modules for serviceability
• Common modules (reduce spares cost)
• Test mode for forcing contact I/O states
• IRiG-B time synchronization
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Substation Automation
> Requirements
> Protective relay hardware
> Protective relay logic engine
> Relay to relay data communication
> Local/Bay control
> WAN
> SCADA
Agenda
![Page 26: 1 GESA GE Substation Automation for the world. 2 Substation Automation > Requirements > Protective relay hardware > Protective relay logic > Relay to.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649db55503460f94aa66ce/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
UR FlexLogic™ Engine
RemoteRemoteInputsInputs
Protective Relay
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Introduction to Flexlogic
AND
Pickup
Forward
Remote Forward
AND
Operate
Assign Virtual
Protective Relay
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Protection Element
Enable
Block
Source
Pickup
Operate
Drop Out
Function Inputs
Function Outputs
Protective Relay
Introduction to Flexlogic
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Introduction to FLEX Logic
AND
Protective Relay
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OUTIN2
IN1
AND OUTIN2
IN1
NAND OUTIN2
IN1
OR
In1 In2 OUT
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
In1 In2 OUT
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
In1 In2 OUT
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Truth Tables
Protective Relay
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OUTIN1
NOR OUTIN2
IN1
XOR OUTIN2
IN1
NOT
In1 In2 OUT
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
In1 In2 OUT
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
In1 OUT
1 0
0 1
Truth Tables
Protective Relay
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Timers
Protective Relay
Timer #
Pickup
Drop out
Pickup Time
Drop out Time
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Counters
Protective Relay
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Counters
Protective Relay
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FlexLogic Demonstration
Protective Relay
FlexLogic Demonstration
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FlexLogic™ Navigation
Protective Relay
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FlexLogic™ Navigation
Protective Relay
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Contact Outputs
Protective Relay
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Substation Automation
> Requirements
> Protective relay hardware
> Protective relay logic engine
> Relay to relay data communication
> Local/Bay control
> WAN
> SCADA
Agenda
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40
LAN: Local area network
WAN: Wide Area Network
Nomenclature
Relay to Relay Com
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Nomenclature
Protocol: A common set of rules to govern the exchange of data
between nodes on a network.
It determines:
• Initialization of data link
• Services that are supported
• flow control
• Frame format and sync
• error control
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Communication Protocols and Standards
Messaging Services
• Provides “Common Services” for communicating information including notification of delivery or non-delivery of a message and the reason why not
• Types of services:-Initiate Communications-Identify-Define Data-Write Data-Program Invocation-Etc.
• Existing Standards: FMS, MMS, DNP, IEC
Data Communication Hierarchy
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Communication Protocols and Standards
Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) • Internationally standardized messaging protocol for real time exchange of data and supervisory and control information between networked devices.
• ISO 9506 standard
• Independents from the application function being performed
• Independents from the developer of the device or application • Generic to be appropriate for a wide variety of devices and applications:
PLC Robot Protective relay
• Based on the OSI model
MMS services and messages are identical
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MMS Service Specification
• Defines a set of objects that can exist within a device.
• Defines a set of communication services to access and manipulate those objects.
• Defines the behavior of the device
to those communication services.
Data Communication Hierarchy
Communication Protocols and Standards
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MMS Services
• Get Object
• Change Object
• Determine Attributes
• Create Object
• Delete Object
Data Communication Hierarchy
Communication Protocols and Standards
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Peer to Peer• Client / Server
• Publisher/ Subscriber
Master / Slave• Request / Response
• Response Only
Basic Communication Relationships
Relay to Relay Com
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47
LAN Topology: Token RING
Relay to Relay Com
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LAN Topology: STAR
IED
IED
IEDIED
IEDSwitch
Active/ Passive
IED
Relay to Relay Com
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Architecture: Token Bus
• TOKEN to gain access to LAN
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LAN Access: Token
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LAN Access: CSMA/CA
1
1
01
0
0
Crash
Relay to Relay Com
• CSMA / CA• Carrier science multiple access with crash detection
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Communications: OSI Model
PHYSICAL
APPLICATION
SESSION
PRESENTATION
NETWORK
TRANSPORT
DATALINK
Data Communication Hierarchy
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AP DATA
MMS MODBUS
PHYSICAL
APPLICATION
SESSION
PRESENTATION
NETWORK
TRANSPORT
DATALINK
Data Communication Hierarchy
Communications: OSI Model
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AP DATA
MMS MODBUS
PHYSICAL
APPLICATION
SESSION
PRESENTATION
NETWORK
TRANSPORT
DATALINK
AP DATA
Data Communication Hierarchy
Communications: OSI Model
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Utility Communication Architecture (UCA) and Substation Automation
Relay to Relay Com
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Utility Communications Architecture Version 2
Objective:
• Establish a suite of protocols to meet utility communications needs
UCA 2.0
Relay to Relay Com
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• GE Power Management
• Basler
• Cooper
• Beckwith
• Tasnet
• SEL
• GE Harris
• Siemens (HMI)
• L&G
• Doble
• Dranetz / BMI
• Modicon / Square D
• ABB
• Alston
Participating UCA Vendors
Relay to Relay Com
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• American Electric Power (AEP)
• Indianapolis Power & Light
• Ontario Hydro
• Northern States Power
• Tampa Electric
• ComEd
• Cinergy
• Baltimore Gas & Electric
• GPU
• Nuon
• Enetergy
• TVA
• Duke
• Boston Edison
• Union Electric
• Florida Power Corp
• Southern California Electric
• Wisconsin Electric
• ESKOM
• Polish Power Grid
Utilities Participating in UCA
Relay to Relay Com
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UCA 2.0 is defined by a set of Documents
• Introduction
• Communication Profiles
- TCP/IP
- OSI
- Serial
• CASM
Common Application Service Models
How MMS Services are used (MMS = Manufacturing Message Specification)
• GOMSFE
Generic Object Models for Substation and Feeder Equipment
UCA 2.0 Defining Documents
Relay to Relay Com
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UCA Features
• Client/Server Multiple Connections
• Common Data Objects that can be extended by each vendor
• File Services
• Time Sync
• Reporting
• GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event)
• Peer to Peer Communication (Remote I/O is a cast message)
Data Communication Hierarchy
Utility Communication Architecture - UCA 2.0
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7-LAYER UCA MODEL
CSMA/CD
(8802/3)
Token Bus
(8802/4)
TokenRing
(8802/5)
MMS
ACSE
FTAM VT DS MMS1988 CMIP
ROSE RTSE
Connection-orientated Presentation
MHS1984
Connection-orientated Session
Connection-orientated Transport 0 4
Connectionless Network
ES - IS Routing X.25 Packet Layer
ISDNQ.931
LLC 1
FDDI
HDLCLAPB
V.35EIA -232-D X.21
ISDNInterfaces
ISDNLAPD
Data Communication Hierarchy
Utility Communication Architecture - UCA 2.0
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UCA Data Access (Name - based)
Data ObjectClass
Functional Component
DataItem
Attributesr/w m/o
IOCSTSG Pu
PuDelTimDoDelTim
COCFDC
To access the Phases IOC 1 PickupRead PhsIOC1.SG.Pu
Data Communication Hierarchy
Utility Communication Architecture - UCA 2.0
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GOMSFE
Generic Object Models for Substation and Feeder Equipment
Models defined for:
Protection Elements - P IOC- PTOC- PDIS- RSYN- etc.
Metering - PXMU
Generic Analog/Digital I/O etc.
Data Communication Hierarchy
Utility Communication Architecture - UCA 2.0
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Trip Message(GOOSE)
Blocking Message(GOOSE)
RELAY #1 RELAY #2 RELAY #3L 9 0L I N E D I F F E R E N T I A L R E L A Y L 9 0L I N E D I F F E R E N T I A L R E L A Y
L 9 0L I N E D I F F E R E N T I A L R E L A Y
UCA 2.0 GOOSE MESSAGE
Relay to Relay Com
BreakerTrip Output
Input delay (4ms at present)+Tx/Rx and processing (Typically < 4ms at present)+Output delay (0.6 ms for Fast Form C)
= 8.6 ms
External Trip Delay:
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UR Communications Profiles
Modbus/TCP/IP/Ethernet UCA 2.0 (MMS/Ethernet)
Modbus/UART/(RS485, RS232, Fiber)
RFC1006 - Presentation
IEEE 802.3 (10BaseFL)
MMS
RFC1006 - Session
TP4
CLNP
IEEE 802.2 (CSMA/CD)Ethernet
RS232, RS485, Fiber
UART - 8 Bits, 1 Stop Bit, No Parity
ModBus
NOT Implemented/Required
MMS, ModBus
TCP/ IP, UDP
IEEE 802.3 (10BaseFL)
NOT Implemented/Required
IEEE 802.2 (CSMA/CD)Ethernet
Telecom: DS0 (64kbps), T1, E1
RS422, G.703, Fiber
HDLC
Proprietary, ModBus,
NOT Implemented/Required
Data Communication Hierarchy
PHYSICAL
DATA LINK
NETWORK
TRANSPORT
SESSION
PRESENTATION
APPLICATION
PHYSICAL
DATA LINK
TRANSPORT
SESSION
PRESENTATION
APPLICATION
NETWORK
PHYSICAL
DATA LINK
NETWORK
TRANSPORT
SESSION
PRESENTATION
APPLICATION
PHYSICAL
DATA LINK
NETWORK
TRANSPORT
SESSION
PRESENTATION
APPLICATION
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Goose Message Demonstration:
Relay to Relay Com
Goose Message Demonstration
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Redundant 10 Base F Bay LAN Topology
Fiber switches
Relay to Relay Com
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Virtual outputContact input
AND
Contact inputAND
Virtual output
FlexLogic: Relay 1
Remote output
Remote I/O lab
Relay 2
Remote Input
Remote input Status Table
ALARM Light
Relay to Relay Com
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Substation Automation
> Requirements
> Protective relay hardware
> Protective relay logic engine
> Relay to relay data communication
> Local/Bay Control
> WAN
> SCADA
Agenda
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Universal Relay Human Machine Interface - HMI
HMIHMI
HMI Demonstration:
• Static Text and Graphics
• Importing bit maps
• Change screens
• Analog signal monitoring
• Push buttons
• Lamps
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Introduction
HMI
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Static text and graphics
HMI
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Static text and graphics
HMI
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Static text and graphics
HMI
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Importing bit maps
HMI
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Importing bit maps
HMI
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Importing bit maps
HMI
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Change Screens
HMI
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Change Screens
HMI
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Change Screens
HMI
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81HMI
Change Screens
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82HMI
Change Screens
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Inserting a Relay
HMI
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Inserting a Relay
HMI
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Analog Signal Monitor
HMI
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86HMI
Analog Signal Monitor
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87HMI
Analog Signal Monitor
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88HMI
Analog Signal Monitor
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Standard Push buttons
HMI
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90HMI
Standard Push buttons
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91HMI
Standard Push buttons
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Standard Lamps
HMI
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Standard Lamps
HMI
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94HMI
Standard Lamps
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Breaker Symbol Animation
HMI
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Breaker Symbol Animation
HMI
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Breaker Symbol Animation
HMI
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QuickPanel jr - Low Cost HMI
•Graphical user interface: single-line, metering, alarms
•Touch Screen: alarms control buttons
•Control multiple devices: Modbus Master via RS485
Modbus/RS485
HMI
QuickPanel jr
HMI
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Substation Automation
> Requirements
> Protective relay hardware
> Protective relay logic engine
> Relay to relay data communication
> Local/Bay Control
> WAN
> SCADA
Agenda
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The UCA Substation
10MbpsDual Ethernet Fiber switch
Interoperable IEDs
Access to:•Enterprise•Internet
Data Communication Hierarchy
SlowerLegacy Devices
use Gateway
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Inter Substation Communications
FSC(Fiber Optic System Communications)
•SONET Technology: 51/155 Mbps•Ethernet LAN ‘Bridging’ capability•Creates single Ethernet WAN•Redundant channels ensure reliability
Data Communication Hierarchy
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InternetInternet
UR + UCA + Internet = New Possibilities
Remote monitoring and diagnostics:•Power Quality monitoring•Equipment Health (Breaker, Transformer) monitoring•Fault Analysis - data retrieval•Events and Alarm annunciation
The IEDs (Relays) are a ‘socket’ for providing information and services.
Data Communication Hierarchy
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Internet Communications NOW!
View/Retrieve:•Metering•Events•Oscillography
Test a UR F60Feeder Management
Relay over the Internet
Data Communication Hierarchy
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Substation Automation
> Requirements
> Protective relay hardware
> Protective relay logic engine
> Relay to relay data communication
> Local/Bay Control
> WAN
> SCADA
Agenda
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GESA 2000
SCADA
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W h y G E
• A Complete System Solution Supplier
• Global Focus With Engineering And Field Support
• Experience Over A Broad Range Of Industries
• A corporate commitment to six sigma quality
• Financial Strength
Dedicated to bringing the best Automation solutions to our customers
• Power system consulting
• Application design
• Project management
• Integration services
• Startup and comissioning
• Project financing
• Asset maintenance
• Remote diagnostics
SCADA
Substation Automation System Solutions
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PLANNING
ENGINEERING
PROTECTION
MAINTENANCE
Real-time Analysis that Avoids Interruptions
Precise and Confident Operator Decisions in Restoring Service
Reduction in the Need for Costly Field Visits
More Effective Long Term Planning & Loading Decisions
Translating data into information at the users fingertips
SCADA
GESA - A System Solution that Delivers Productivity
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The Challenge: Putting Information to Work
“On-Line Information”: Your key competitive advantage
• Fine-tune planning
• Streamline settlements
• Budget accurately
• Asses cost of service
• Allocate capacity
• Faster service response
• Remote status & control
• Analyze power quality
• Identify events, SOE
• Receive fault records
• Target maintenance
• Monitor loading trends
Enterprise Operations
SCADA
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GESA 2000 The competitive solution
Sub-second response for Ethernet connected devices Dual master redundancy with automatic system control transfer Automatic interleaving of events and metering values Ethernet substation UCA 2.0 LAN Peer to peer communications Remote view nodes and web browser compatible HMI Interface Automatic oscillography upload Object oriented system tools for reliable, low cost reconfiguration Real-time system status and control execution
Maximize your Competitive Edge
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Three powerful dimensions to a complete Substation Automation Solution:
• Proven, “off the shelf” components that integrate
today’s IEDs
• Ethernet for data transport in the substation and to
remote sites
• Pre-engineered software, application tools and
device interfaces
GESA 2000
SCADA
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Built Upon a New Generation Substation Architecture
HTML Wizards
HMI Screens
TrendsOscillographyViewer
EventViewer
FacilityDiagnostics
RemoteMonitor
SystemConfigurator
HT
ML
Gra
phic
s
OPC/ DDE/ CORBA
Interface to Corporate WAN/ LAN
UCA - MMSServer
Redundant Substation Ethernet LAN
Lev
el 1
- IE
Ds
Training/Testing
WEB Server - HMI View Nodes
Monitoring Protection & ControlInteroperability
Redundant Substation Ethernet LAN
Control
Interoperability
Lev
el 2
- In
teg
rati
on
Ho
st
U
ser
Open System Solution -- Relays, Software, Communications, Networking
LegacyServer
SCADAProtocols
PowerAnalysis
Tools
Event Logger
OperationalEfficiency/Reliability
ConfigurationTools
SCADA
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Smart Screen “Wizards”• One Line Diagrams
• Event Logger
• IED Faceplate
• IED Tabular Values
• Annunciator Panel
• Alarm List with Sorting Feature
• Trending
Integration Productivity and Reliability
GESA 2000
SCADA
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GESA 2000 Sequence of Event Log
• Time stamped to nearest milli-second• Synchronizable to GPS via IRIG-B• Automatic retrieval from IED to Host• Storage on host disk• Automatically forward to operations PC• Data sort capability included:
– Standard filters•Time•Device Type•Alarm Condition
– Custom filters per
your needs
Monitors and records all system event characteristics
SCADA
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• Configurable alarm conditions
– Any present value can
drive an alarm
– Set range of operation
• Failure Alarms
– Equipment generated
– System generated
– Grouped per IED
• Remote Communication of Critical Alarms
Alarm Annunciator Panel
SCADA
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Integrated Solutions to help you succeed
Interoperability
Peer to peer communications
Reliability of software objects and modules
Modularity of hardware modules and
components
Dynamic reconfiguration
Real-time state analysis and operation
SCADA
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W o r l d w i d e Experience
North AmericaConEdPSE&G
PECO
Salt River
Europe & Africa
ERZ
South America
Electroperu
Inepar
Electronorte
EDENOR
Rio Light
Furnas
Asia Pacific
Aliu Zhou
Zhe Zhang
Guang Xi
SUBSTATION AUTOMATION INSTALATIONS AROUND THE WORLD
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What our Customers Require:That GE is Committed to Deliver
Critical to Quality Metrics
• Access to system application experts -- before, during and after a sale
• Open architecture solutions, built on industry standards - future upgrade path
• Thorough specification of the system to be delivered - fully understood by the user
• Deliver and commission on schedule; within budget - supplier and customer
• Effective operator training - establishing basic user competency
• Return on investment - work together to obtain the expected benefits
C u s t o m e r F o c u s e d
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Ordering On-line