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Transcript of 1 GEORGIAN EXPERIENCE – and Strategy for Future DAVID NAKANI Environmental Pollution Control...
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GEORGIAN EXPERIENCE – GEORGIAN EXPERIENCE – and Strategy for and Strategy for
FutureFuture
DAVID NAKANIDAVID NAKANI Environmental Pollution Control ProgramEnvironmental Pollution Control Program
DAREJAN KAPANADZEDAREJAN KAPANADZEWorld Bank Office TbilisiWorld Bank Office Tbilisi
GeorgiaGeorgia
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Structure of Presentation: Structure of Presentation:
BackgroundBackground Project objectivesProject objectives Project implementationProject implementation Challenges facedChallenges faced Successful solutionsSuccessful solutions Outputs and impactOutputs and impact Conclusions and future Conclusions and future
perspectivesperspectives
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BackgroundBackground
Main burning issue - soil erosionMain burning issue - soil erosion Pollution of rivers draining into Pollution of rivers draining into
the Black Sea the Black Sea Heavy use of pesticides and Heavy use of pesticides and
fertilizersfertilizers Weak environmental regulationsWeak environmental regulations
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BackgroundBackground continued continued NoNo33 - N concentrations in river waters are - N concentrations in river waters are
several times higher than EU water quality several times higher than EU water quality
standardsstandards Higher chemical concentration in fruits and Higher chemical concentration in fruits and
vegetables limits exports to EC marketsvegetables limits exports to EC markets Farmers lack skills to adopt modern farming Farmers lack skills to adopt modern farming
methods that are environmentally soundmethods that are environmentally sound Destruction of bio-diversity (flora and fauna)Destruction of bio-diversity (flora and fauna) Deforestation for lack of fossil fuelsDeforestation for lack of fossil fuels
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Environment Pollution Control Environment Pollution Control ProgramProgram
Preparation stage: 1999 – 2001Preparation stage: 1999 – 2001
Technologies/best practices selected for Technologies/best practices selected for extension:extension:
Improved storage, handling and utilization of animal wasteImproved storage, handling and utilization of animal waste Recovery of degraded soils and sustainable land Recovery of degraded soils and sustainable land
cultivation cultivation Environment friendly protection of crops and increase of Environment friendly protection of crops and increase of
productivityproductivity Monitoring quality of water and soil Monitoring quality of water and soil
Implementation stage: 2002-2006Implementation stage: 2002-2006 Demonstration and acquisition of the selected Demonstration and acquisition of the selected
technologiestechnologies Assessing their efficiency, impact and sustainabilityAssessing their efficiency, impact and sustainability
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ObjectivesObjectives Promote efficient practices of on-farm
nutrient management in the selected watersheds to reduce river water pollution and meet requirements of the EU Nitrate and Clean Water Directives
Demonstrate and disseminate use of bio-gas digesters to reduce household demand for firewood and cut methane emissions into the atmosphere
Carry out adaptive research, on-farm testing and extension of the advanced farming practices that improve productivity and decrease environmental damage
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Challenges FacedChallenges Faced
Choosing watersheds adequate for Program implementation and farmer education
Picking farmers for adoption of environment friendly agricultural practices
Selecting appropriate technologies/practices for pollution control
Optimizing bio-gas digester design to achieve good performance throughout all seasons
Operating in a setting with poor rural economy and weak infrastructure
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Successful SolutionsSuccessful Solutions Controlling soil erosionControlling soil erosion – – terracing, contouring, buffer strips, reduces terracing, contouring, buffer strips, reduces
tillage, crop rotationtillage, crop rotation Reducing the flow of manure and chemicals Reducing the flow of manure and chemicals
to river watersto river waters – – manure storage facilities, bio-gas digesters, use manure storage facilities, bio-gas digesters, use
of manure as fertilizer and nutrient managementof manure as fertilizer and nutrient management Minimizing the use of pesticidesMinimizing the use of pesticides –– laying basis for the development of organic laying basis for the development of organic
farmingfarming Monitoring river and ground water quality Monitoring river and ground water quality
and assessing impact of the adopted and assessing impact of the adopted practicespractices
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2002-2004 Outputs and Impact2002-2004 Outputs and Impact Bio-gas digesters installed at 120 farms Manure storage facilities arranged at 310 farms Good agricultural practices adopted in 279
farms Individual nutrient management plans
developed for 220 farmers Training in good management practices
delivered to 2500 farmers Comprehensive water monitoring program put
in place for three watersheds
In three years the Ochkhomuri river water quality
improved significantly to meet EU nitrate standard
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ConclusionsConclusions Focusing agricultural research on farmers’
needs and adapting it to the real rural life setting is a single window of opportunity for the national agricultural knowledge system
Extension of advanced technologies to the subsistence, small and medium farmers is a challenging task, taking time and resources for demonstrating, carrying out participatory trails and building awareness
Making tangible change in the quality of environment proved possible through concentration of external and local resources within a focus area
Strong economic incentives are only viable tools for sustaining the present positive trend as well as for exporting it beyond the pilot area
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Challenges Challenges for Scaling up EPC Programfor Scaling up EPC Program
Agricultural non-point sources of pollution have significant impact on water quality at present, with a potential to increase in future
Majority of Georgian farmers do not use environment friendly technologies and are unaware of damage to public health and environment made by their current farming practices
Georgia lacks adequate environmental regulations and economic policies to achieve compliance with EU Nitrate and Clean Water Directives
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Strategy for FutureStrategy for Future
Facilitate compliance with the obligations of EU
membership Develop adequate environmental regulations and Develop adequate environmental regulations and
create economic incentives create economic incentives Set up a viable extension system to rejuvenate Set up a viable extension system to rejuvenate
rural economy and develop export opportunities rural economy and develop export opportunities Establish a reliable and affordable long-term Establish a reliable and affordable long-term
water quality monitoring programwater quality monitoring program Seek opportunities for receiving support from Seek opportunities for receiving support from
GEF, EU, MCG, bilateral donors and other GEF, EU, MCG, bilateral donors and other sources in carrying on the successfully piloted sources in carrying on the successfully piloted activities activities
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Thank YouThank You