1 GE Consumer & Industrial Multilin 10-Aug-15 Digital Meters - Power Quality Monitoring and Analysis...
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Transcript of 1 GE Consumer & Industrial Multilin 10-Aug-15 Digital Meters - Power Quality Monitoring and Analysis...
1GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Digital Meters - Power Quality Monitoring and AnalysisBala VinayagamMar 21, 2006
2GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Contents
• Effects of power quality • Power Quality definitions revisited• What is needed for PQ monitoring ?• GE Multilin’s solution
o PQMIIo EPM9000 series
• Summary
Monitor and Analyze Power Disturbances, Disruptions & Harmonics
3GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ is a Business Problem
Power Quality issues cause business problems such as:
• Lost productivity, idle people and equipment
• Lost orders, good will, customers and profits
• Lost transactions and orders not being processed
• Revenue and accounting problems
• Customer and/or management dissatisfaction
• Overtime required to make up for lost work time
According to Electric Light and Power Magazine, 30 to 40 Percent of All Business Downtime Is Related to Power Quality Problems.
4GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Is Power Quality Such a Big Problem?
5GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Why PQ is such a Big Problem?
• The sensitivity of today’s electronic equipment makes it susceptible to power disturbances
• For some devices, a momentary disturbance can cause
o scrambled datao interrupted communicationso a frozen mouse o system crashes and equipment failure
6GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Problems are Expensive
• Berkeley Lab Study Estimates $80 Billion Annual Cost of Power Interruptions … Research News, Berkeley Lab, February 2, 2005
• $50 billon per year in the USA is lost as a results of power quality breakdowns …. Bank of America Report
• A manufacturing company lost more than $3 million one day last summer in Silicon Valley when the “lights went out.” … New York Times January 2000
• “A voltage sag in a paper mill can waste a whole day of production - $250,000 loss” … Business Week, June 17,, 1996
• Half of all computer problems and one-third of all data loss can be traced back to the power line … Contingency Planning Research, LAN Times
7GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Who is Affected?
• Lost production• Scrap• Costs to restart• Labor costs• Equipment damage and repair• Other costs
• High Cost Facilitieso Semiconductor plantso Pharmaceuticalso Data centers
• Medium Cost FacilitiesoAutomotive
manufacturingoGlass plantsoPlastics & ChemicalsoTextiles
8GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Definitions RevisitedIEEE CategoriesStd 1159-1995
Short Duration Variations
Typical Duration
Instantaneous Sag 0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Sag 30 cycles – 3 sec
Temporary Sag 3 sec – 1 min
9GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Definitions RevisitedIEEE CategoriesStd 1159-1995
Short Duration Variations
Typical Duration
Instantaneous Sag 0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Sag 30 cycles – 3 sec.
Temporary Sag 3 sec – 1 min.
Instantaneous Swell 0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Swell 30 cycles – 3 sec.
Temporary Swell 3 sec – 1 min.
10GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Definitions RevisitedIEEE CategoriesStd 1159-1995
Short Duration Variations
Typical Duration
Instantaneous Sag 0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Sag 30 cycles – 3 sec.
Temporary Sag 3 sec – 1 min.
Instantaneous Swell 0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Swell 30 cycles – 3 sec.
Temporary Swell 3 sec – 1 min.
Momentary Interruptions
0.5 – 30 cycles
Temporary Interruptions
30 cycles – 3 sec.
11GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Definitions RevisitedIEEE CategoriesStd 1159-1995
Long Duration Variations
Typical Duration
Sustained interruptions
> 1 min
Under voltages > 1 min
Over voltages > 1 min
12GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Definitions RevisitedIEEE CategoriesStd 1159-1995
Long Duration Variations
Typical Duration
Sustained interruptions
> 1 min
Under voltages > 1 min
Over voltages > 1 min
Voltage imbalance Steady state
Waveform Distortion
13GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Definitions RevisitedIEEE CategoriesStd 1159-1995
Long Duration Variations
Typical Duration
Sustained interruptions
> 1 min
Under voltages > 1 min
Over voltages > 1 min
Voltage imbalance Steady state
Waveform Distortion
DC offset Steady state
Harmonics Steady state
Inter harmonics Steady state
For Electric Utilities Control of Voltage and Prevention of Outages is Power Quality
14GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Sources of PQ ProblemsUtility Sources
• Lightning
• PF Correction Equipment
• Faults
• Switching
Internal Sources
•Individual Loads –Lighting, Elevators, Coolers, HVAC
•Uninterruptible Power Supplies
•Variable Frequency Drives
•Battery Chargers
•Large Motors During Startup
•Electronic Dimming Systems
•Lighting Ballasts (esp. Electronic)
•Arc Welders, and Other Arc Devices
•Medical Equipment, e.g. MRIs and X-Ray Machines
•Office Equipment and Computers
•Wiring
15GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Problems and Possible CausesTypical problems Disturbance Type Possible Causes
Overheated neutralIntermittent lock-upsFrequency deviations
Steady-state Shared neutralsImproper or inadequate wiringHigh source impedanceSCR/Rectifiers and notchingHarmonics
16GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Problems and Possible CausesTypical problems Disturbance Type Possible Causes
Overheated neutralIntermittent lock-upsFrequency deviations
Steady-state Shared neutralsImproper or inadequate wiringHigh source impedanceSCR/Rectifiers and notchingHarmonics
InterruptionGarbled dataRandom increase in harmonics levels
Utility faultsInrush currentsInadequate wiring
17GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Problems and Possible CausesTypical problems Disturbance Type Possible Causes
Overheated neutralIntermittent lock-upsFrequency deviations
Steady-state Shared neutralsImproper or inadequate wiringHigh source impedanceSCR/Rectifiers and notchingHarmonics
InterruptionGarbled dataRandom increase in harmonics levels
Utility faultsInrush currentsInadequate wiring
Intermittent lock-upsLights flickerGarbled data
Sags/Swell Source voltage variationsInrush/surge currentsInadequate wiring
18GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Problems and Possible CausesTypical problems Disturbance Type Possible Causes
Overheated neutralIntermittent lock-upsFrequency deviations
Steady-state Shared neutralsImproper or inadequate wiringHigh source impedanceSCR/Rectifiers and notchingHarmonics
InterruptionGarbled dataRandom increase in harmonics levels
Utility faultsInrush currentsInadequate wiring
Intermittent lock-upsLights flickerGarbled data
Sags/Swell Source voltage variationsInrush/surge currentsInadequate wiring
Component failureDielectric breakdownLock-upsGarbled dataWavy CRTs
ImpulsesEMI/RFI
LightningLoad switchingCapacitor switchingStatic dischargeHand-held radiosLoose wiring/arcing
19GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Problems and Possible CausesTypical problems Disturbance Type Possible Causes
Overheated neutralIntermittent lock-upsFrequency deviations
Steady-state Shared neutralsImproper or inadequate wiringHigh source impedanceSCR/Rectifiers and notchingHarmonics
InterruptionGarbled dataRandom increase in harmonics levels
Utility faultsInrush currentsInadequate wiring
Intermittent lock-upsLights flickerGarbled data
Sags/Swell Source voltage variationsInrush/surge currentsInadequate wiring
Component failureDielectric breakdownLock-upsGarbled dataWavy CRTs
ImpulsesEMI/RFI
LightningLoad switchingCapacitor switchingStatic dischargeHand-held radiosLoose wiring/arcing
Overheated transformers and motorsVoltage and current distortionsGarbled dataLock-ups
Harmonics Electronic loadsSCR/rectifier
20GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Major PQ Problems
Source: EPRI, 1994
Spikes, 7%
Sags, 56%
Outages,
6%
Swells,
31%
Sags (Dips)
Associated with system faults
Switching of heavy loads
Starting of large motors
Swells
System fault conditions
Switching on a large capacitor bank
Switching off a large load
21GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Cost of Voltage Sags
Textile Industry
Plastics Industry
Glass Industry
Process Industry
Semiconductors
$1k $10k
$100k $1M $10M
Losses per Voltage Sag Event
Source: EPRI “The Economics of Custom Power”, IEEE T&D Show 2003
22GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Cost of Momentary Outages
Momentary Outages create problems when computers and clocks reset, equipment stalls, and work stops.
Category Minimum MaximumIndustrialSemiconductor Manufacturing $20.0 $60.0Electronics $8.0 $12.0Automobile Manufacturing $5.0 $7.5Pharmaceutical $5.0 $50.0Glass $4.0 $6.0Rubber and Plastics $3.0 $4.5Petrochemical $3.0 $5.0Food Processing $3.0 $5.0Textile $2.0 $4.0Metal Fabrication $2.0 $4.0Mining $2.0 $4.0Paper $1.5 $2.5Printing(Newspapers) $1.0 $2.0
CommercialHospitals, banks, civil service $2.0 $3.0Communications, information processing $1.0 $10.0Resturants, bars, hotels $0.5 $1.0
Commercial shops $0.1 $0.5Source: EPRI “The Economics of Custom Power”, IEEE T&D 2003
Cost of Momentary Interuption($/kW Demand)
23GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
High Speed Waveform Capture
High Speed Waveform Capture Is the Most Important PQ Troubleshooting Tool
24GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Benefits of Continuous PQ Monitoring
Continuous PQ Monitoring Detects, Records, and Leads to the Prevention of PQ Problems
• Power Quality monitoring provides a continuous “Health Check” of a facility’s power system … for example:
o Harmonic interaction between loads and power conditioning equipment spotted
o High Inrush currents from equipment startup detected
o Transients from load switching are seen
• It provides data to see, diagnose and avert looming problems – “like squeaky brakes on a car”
o Trends can be detected
o JIT equipment maintenance programs can be established
• It acts like a “Black Box” on an airplane to tell you what, when, and where a Power Quality event occurred … to prevent it from reoccurring
25GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
What is needed for PQ Monitoring?PQ Monitors must detect and record the 7 types of PQ problems
•Transients•Interruptions•Sag/Under Voltage•Swell/Over Voltage•Waveform Distortion•Voltage Fluctuations•Frequency Variations
These include Flicker and Compliance to ITI(CBEMA), IEEE and ISO Standards
Plus they must …
• Be easy to use• Be Suitable for continuously
monitoring indoors and outdoors
• Interface with standard PQ analysis Software…PQDif format
• Be fast enough to capture high speed events that produce equipment problems
• Have enough storage to save the waveforms you need
• Have PQ analysis tools that produce usable, actionable recommendations
ITI: Information Technology Industry Council (Computer & Business Equipment Manufacturer’s Association)
26GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
26
EPM 9000 / 9800• Up to 512 samples / cycle• Web server•.02 accuracy•Flicker and transients recording
High Range PQ • Transients Flicker• High Sampling Rate• Utility Hardened• Web Server• Ladder Logic I/O
PQM II• Power Quality parameters• Data logging• Control options
Mid Range PQ• Waveform• Events/Alarms• Data Logging • I/Os
EPM 60000.2 revenue class accuracyNew Additions: THD and KYZ pulse option
EPM 2000Low cost – panel mountSingle P/N PL2000
Basic Metering• 50+ Parameters• 0.3% Accuracy• I/Os• THD, F, PF…..
EPM 1000 / EPM 4000•Wall/Panel mountable enclosure•Power line carrier capability•Modbus communication•Multi-Point monitoring capability•Energy Aggregator support
Sub Metering• Tenant Metering• 10-20 Parameters• .5 % Accuracy
Sub Meter Basic Metering Mid Range PQ High Range PQ
Basic PQ Monitoring to Advanced PQ Monitoring, Detection & Analysis
Power & Power Quality Metering System
27GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
GE Power Quality Meters
High End PQ Meters• Power professionals world-wide
rely on GE’s products for their power monitoring and communication applications.
• GE’s meters provide high speed waveform capture, advanced power quality, multiport communications and control.
PQMII EPM9800 EPM9450/9650
28GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
•All basic electrical parameters
•Data logging and waveform
•Voltage disturbance analyzer
•Analog outputs, digital inputs
•Control relays and KYZ pulses
•Multiple communication ports
•Easy to program and set-up… EnerVista
•Replaces multiple analog meters
GE Product Application Product Features
PQM II Power Quality Waveform, Data Logging, I/Os
Power Quality Meter – PQM II
29GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Power Quality with Advanced Voltage Disturbance Recorder
Key Features
• High accuracy, mid range Power Quality with many advanced features.
• Waveform capture using set-points for PQ analysis. Waveform can be triggered by external equipment (motors) through digital inputs for capturing start-up current etc….
• Control Relays can open and close at the pre-programmed (min, max etc) set-points for alarms and notifications.
• Analog outputs for power information to PLCs, RTU and other non digital communication devices.
• VERY EASY to use , program and set-up – comes with free set-up and monitoring software (launch pad).
• Voltage Disturbance Recording for electrical up to 500 sag & swell events
• Open Modbus and DNP 3.0 protocol over RS 485 with multi port communication capability
Target Applications/Industries
• Ideal for circuit monitoring for control panels, switchboards, Motor Control Centers, Power Distribution Panels.
• Primary Monitoring of low and medium voltage application, requiring full metering with over 100 different electrical parameters with data logging and oscillograph (waveform).
• Applications requiring Control Relays with set-point activation, Analog and digital I/Os.
• Heavy power users for need of clean power - Data Centers, Pulp and Paper, Oil & Gas…….
• OEMs, Electrical Panel Manufacturers, Switchgear manufacturers, Motor Control manufacturers…..
Power Quality Meter – PQM II
30GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
GE Product
Application Product Features
9450Advanced Power Quality Metering
512K Memory for Data-Logging, waveform; Measures all Electrical Values
9650Advanced Power Quality Metering with Flicker
2 or 4 Meg Memory for Data-Logging and Waveform capture
9800Socket Design - Advanced Power Quality Metering with Flicker
2 or 4 Meg Memory for Data-Logging and Waveform capture, local display
• Advance Power Quality with Revenue Metering
• Highest Grade Revenue Accuracy - 0.06% Energy
• Advanced Waveform Recording and Analysis – 512 samples /cycle
• Built Ethernet 100 Base T – Total Web Solutions
• Advanced Control for Load Shedding and Demand Control
Advanced PQ Meter – EPM 9000/9800
31GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Advance PQ Analysis with Revenue Class Accuracy
Advanced PQ Meter – EPM 9000/9800Key Features:
• High Speed Waveform Recording - With up to 16 to 512 samples per cycle resolution. The unit records magnitude and duration of events including the captured waveform. All information is stored in the on-board mass memory.
• Software and Hardware Triggers - The meters provides both software and hardware triggers to record waveform events. This allows the unit to be used for fault analysis, system apparatus monitoring and many other applications.
• Extensive Harmonics Analysis – This meter provides a real- time harmonic analysis to the 128th order for every channel. This advanced harmonic recording capability has been traditionally available only in high-end power quality recorders. Records THD to the 255th order peak.
• Real Time Phasor Analyzer - The unit monitors phase angles between the voltage and the currents.
•Web Server Capability – Data from meters is viewable over the web. Data from the ModBus devices connected to the meter can also be viewed.
•Expandable I/O Modules for Analysis and Control
Target Applications/Industries:
• Primary Monitoring of low medium and high voltage application, requiring full metering, with data logging, controls and high speed oscillography (waveform).
• Remote monitoring over the web using web pages
• Applications requiring Control Relays with set-point activation, Analog and digital I/Os.
• Heavy power users for need of clean power - Data Centers, Microprocessor Chip Manufacturers Pulp and Paper, Oil & Gas…….
• OEMs, Electrical Panel Manufacturers, Switchgear manufacturers, Motor Control manufacturers…..
32GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Advance PQ Analysis with Revenue Class Accuracy
Advanced PQ Meter – EPM 9000/9800
Key Features:
• High Speed Waveform Recording - With up to 16 to 512 samples per cycle resolution. The unit records magnitude and duration of events including the captured waveform. All information is stored in the on-board mass memory.
• Software and Hardware Triggers - The meters provides both software and hardware triggers to record waveform events. This allows the unit to be used for fault analysis, system apparatus monitoring and many other applications.
• Extensive Harmonics Analysis – This meter provides a real- time harmonic analysis to the 128th order for every channel. This advanced harmonic recording capability has been traditionally available only in high-end power quality recorders. Records THD to the 255th order peak.
• Real Time Phasor Analyzer - The unit monitors phase angles between the voltage and the currents.
•Web Server Capability – Data from meters is viewable over the web. Data from the ModBus devices connected to the meter can also be viewed.
•Expandable I/O Modules for Analysis and Control
Target Applications/Industries:
• Primary Monitoring of low medium and high
voltage application, requiring full metering,
with data logging, controls and high speed
oscillography (waveform).
• Remote monitoring over the web using web
pages
• Applications requiring Control Relays with
set-point activation, Analog and digital I/Os.
• Heavy power users for need of clean power
- Data Centers, Microprocessor Chip
Manufacturers Pulp and Paper, Oil &
Gas…….
• OEMs, Electrical Panel Manufacturers,
Switchgear manufacturers, Motor Control
manufacturers…..
33GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Real Time Field Recorded Events
Source: AGA Brazil
Meter: EPM9650
Period: Jan 2005 – Dec 2005
Continuous Monitoring of the Station for PQ Problems
34GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
PQ Meter ITI Capture
Equipment Interrupting Voltage Sags as Recorded
Damage Inducing Voltage Surges as Recorded
ITI Acceptable Power Disturbance Envelope
ITI: Information Technology Industry Council (Computer & Business Equipment Manufacturer’s Association)
35GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Instantaneous Sag Event
36GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Instantaneous Swell Event
37GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Harmonic & Interharmonic Spectrum
38GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Flicker Recording
39GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Flicker Recording
40GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Summary
GE Multilin provides the necessary tools for a successful PQ disturbance analysis and allows users to take remedial actions
Accurate Measurement to determine actual
state
Examinations
Remedial actionsRemedy
Feels the pulse of the power system network
Symptoms
High resolution recordings for longer
durationsGE Communicator
software
Diagnosis
41GE Consumer & Industrial
MultilinApr 19, 2023
Finally…
If You Can’t Measure it You Can’t Manage it
If You Can Measure it You Can Manage it