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GAPGAPGenerally Accepted Principles Generally Accepted Principles

(GAP) (GAP) ……for reporting waste generation and for reporting waste generation and

diversiondiversion

Presentation to:Presentation to:

BC Environment StaffBC Environment Staff

2020thth April, 2010 April, 2010

Maria Kelleher, Maria Kelleher, M. Eng., P. Eng.M. Eng., P. Eng.

Kelleher EnvironmentalKelleher Environmental

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The origins of GAPThe origins of GAP

Strathroy, Ontario - contract awarded on Strathroy, Ontario - contract awarded on basis of very high diversion percentage basis of very high diversion percentage (>90%)(>90%)

Contractor who did not win launched suitContractor who did not win launched suit Key question became “what does a Key question became “what does a

particular diversion percentage mean?particular diversion percentage mean? CSR - volunteered to set up a committee CSR - volunteered to set up a committee

to address issueto address issue

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Why CSR Spearheaded Why CSR Spearheaded Development of GAPDevelopment of GAP

CSR objective - develop and promote cost CSR objective - develop and promote cost effective recycling and waste management effective recycling and waste management systemssystems

Good data is the key to optimizing waste Good data is the key to optimizing waste diversion systemsdiversion systems

CSR recognized the need for a national CSR recognized the need for a national approach to data reportingapproach to data reporting

GAP was established to identify a good GAP was established to identify a good method to collect good waste diversion method to collect good waste diversion and disposal dataand disposal data

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GAP VisionGAP Vision

GAP stands for Generally Agreed GAP stands for Generally Agreed PrinciplesPrinciples

Purpose of GAP for waste flow is to Purpose of GAP for waste flow is to develop a develop a common reporting common reporting frameworkframework which allows municipalities which allows municipalities across Canada to compare diversionacross Canada to compare diversion of of residentialresidential waste management systems waste management systems

GAP sGAP sttarted with RESIDENTIAL waste, arted with RESIDENTIAL waste, moved on to ALL MUNICIPAL WASTE at moved on to ALL MUNICIPAL WASTE at request of Kootenay Boundaryrequest of Kootenay Boundary

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Why GAP?Why GAP?

Locally defined rules – diversion reporting Locally defined rules – diversion reporting was often politically or economically driven was often politically or economically driven

Municipal search for higher diversion/ lower Municipal search for higher diversion/ lower cost systems requires high quality cost systems requires high quality informationinformation

Needed Needed consistentconsistent reporting approach reporting approach No ‘right or wrong’ methods- but need No ‘right or wrong’ methods- but need

consistencyconsistency Needed a consensus approach to a common Needed a consensus approach to a common

methodology that everyone would buy intomethodology that everyone would buy into

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Benefits of GAP To UsersBenefits of GAP To Users

Debunks ‘myths’ about other Debunks ‘myths’ about other municipalmunicipalities are ities are doing better than youdoing better than you

If municipal reports do not usIf municipal reports do not usee GAP, you GAP, you do not know if their numbers are ‘real’ do not know if their numbers are ‘real’ or notor not

Require others to use GAP to compare Require others to use GAP to compare to your municipalityto your municipality

““Apples to Apples” is essential for Apples to Apples” is essential for transparencytransparency

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Some GAP Comparisons Some GAP Comparisons 2003/20042003/2004

Trois Rivieres, Trois Rivieres, PQ 12%PQ 12%

Regina, Sask Regina, Sask 16%16%

Winnipeg 18%Winnipeg 18% Calgary 19%Calgary 19% Banff 24%Banff 24% Toronto 31% Toronto 31% Whitehorse 32% Whitehorse 32%

(all municipal)(all municipal)

Guelph 38%Guelph 38% Kootenay Bdy Kootenay Bdy

39% (all munic) 39% (all munic) St. Thomas 45%St. Thomas 45% Seattle, Seattle,

Washington 46%Washington 46% Ottawa Valley Ottawa Valley

54%54% Halifax 56%Halifax 56%

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Benefits of GAP To UsersBenefits of GAP To Users

Common framework to collect, report and Common framework to collect, report and summarize waste management informationsummarize waste management information

Good guide to putting simple data collection Good guide to putting simple data collection systems in placesystems in place– After systems in place, easy to do annual updatesAfter systems in place, easy to do annual updates

Good Good monitoring tool to measure performance monitoring tool to measure performance of diversion systems from one year to the nextof diversion systems from one year to the next

Good method to keep your neigGood method to keep your neighbours honesthbours honest (apples to apples)(apples to apples)

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The GAP Team - National The GAP Team - National and Multi-Stakeholderand Multi-Stakeholder

MunicipalMunicipal– KKootenay, ootenay, Calgary, Winnipeg, Toronto, Guelph, Calgary, Winnipeg, Toronto, Guelph,

HaliHalifaxfax Provincial and Federal Government Provincial and Federal Government

– BC, Alberta, Ontario, NSBC, Alberta, Ontario, NS– Env Can, Statscan, NRCANEnv Can, Statscan, NRCAN

Industry and StewardIndustry and Stewardship Organizationsship Organizations– MPSC, CSQMPSC, CSQ, Clorox, Clorox

NGOs and AssociationsNGOs and Associations– AOMGMRAOMGMR ( (QuebecQuebec)) RCA RCA, , Canada Composting Canada Composting

CouncilCouncil

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Concept and ApproachConcept and Approach

Keep it simpleKeep it simple Collect minimal amount of dataCollect minimal amount of data ““Entry level” data collection toolEntry level” data collection tool Put all summary municipal data on Put all summary municipal data on

one page; GAP data creates a GAP one page; GAP data creates a GAP ChartChart

Started with faxed forms in 2000; Started with faxed forms in 2000; moved to Excel format by 2001moved to Excel format by 2001

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GAP household Waste Flow ChartGAP household Waste Flow Chart

Summary Statistics

A.1 In-Property Managment

A.2 Household Waste Generation

C.1 Stewardship System Processing

Diversion

B.4 Kerbside household source separated organics collection

B.5 Bulky & Special Waste collection

B.6 Drop Off at Depots, Transfer, & Disposal Site

B.7 Kerbside household Garbage Collection

C.4 Diversion at Landfill or Transfer Sites

C.5 HSW Treatment/ Re-use / Recycling

C.6 Incineration & EFW

C.7 Mixed Waste Processing

D.4 Recyclables Diverted

D.5 Organics Diverted

D.6 EFW Mass Reduction

D.8 Hazardous Waste Landfill

D.9 Landfill

D.10 Other Disposal

Collection Processing Final Destination

Recovery

Disposal

B.1 household Component of Deposit, Return & Stewardship Programmes

B.2 Household Re-use

B.3 Kerbside household recyclables collection

C.2 Recyclables Processing

C.3 Organics Processing

D.1 Deposit, Return and Stewardship Programmes

D.2 Re-use

D.3 On Property Managment

D.7 HHW Re-use / Recycling

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Data Needed For GAPData Needed For GAP Population, householdsPopulation, households On-site management:On-site management:

Backyard composters;Backyard composters; Policies on grass-cycling;Policies on grass-cycling; Organic waste collected in aerated carts; Organic waste collected in aerated carts; Estimates of open burning/burning in fireplacesEstimates of open burning/burning in fireplaces

Curbside recyclables, organics, garbageCurbside recyclables, organics, garbage Drop off recyclables, organics, garbageDrop off recyclables, organics, garbage Residue rates at MRF and composting Residue rates at MRF and composting

sitesite

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Special Collection and Special Collection and Drop-Off Data CategoriesDrop-Off Data Categories

Recyclables Recyclables just one categoryjust one category

Xmas treesXmas trees Source separated Source separated

organicsorganics Leaf and yard Leaf and yard

wastewaste BulkyBulky white goodswhite goods

Scrap metalsScrap metals TiresTires HHW(HSW)HHW(HSW) C&DC&D OtherOther GarbageGarbage

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““Default” values in GAPDefault” values in GAP 100 kg per backyard composter per year100 kg per backyard composter per year 36kg/cap for garburators per year36kg/cap for garburators per year Diversion in GAP is “net of residue” – an Diversion in GAP is “net of residue” – an

incentive to reduce residuesincentive to reduce residues– Residue default values set at rate to encourage Residue default values set at rate to encourage

better measurementbetter measurement– Municipality can use their own data, but must Municipality can use their own data, but must

show sourceshow source 5% for MRF residue rate (2-stream)5% for MRF residue rate (2-stream)

– Increased to 12% to 15% for single stream Increased to 12% to 15% for single stream recyclingrecycling

20% for composting residue rate20% for composting residue rate

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DiversionDiversion in GAP in GAP

DDeposit, return and stewardship programs eposit, return and stewardship programs automatically calculated per capita for automatically calculated per capita for each provinceeach province

RRe-use (managed by municipality)e-use (managed by municipality) BBackyard composting, grass-cycling, ackyard composting, grass-cycling, EEvapotranspiration (aerated carts only)vapotranspiration (aerated carts only) GGarburators (if biosolids diverted)arburators (if biosolids diverted) HSW re-use and recyclingHSW re-use and recycling RRecyclables diverted ecyclables diverted OOrganics divertedrganics diverted

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RRecovery and ecovery and DDisposal in isposal in GAPGAP

EFW mass reduction is defined as EFW mass reduction is defined as recoveryrecovery– Allows juriAllows jurisdictions which track recovery sdictions which track recovery

separate from disposal to show separate from disposal to show separatelyseparately

– Most Canadian jurisdictions count EFW Most Canadian jurisdictions count EFW mass reduction as disposalmass reduction as disposal

Solid and hazardous waste landfill is Solid and hazardous waste landfill is counted as disposalcounted as disposal

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Beneficial Use in GAPBeneficial Use in GAP Benefical Use CommBenefical Use Committee 2004 tackled a ittee 2004 tackled a

number of issues number of issues Definition of “beneficial use”; Definition of “beneficial use”;

– Applied mostly to tires, glass, low quality compost, Applied mostly to tires, glass, low quality compost, chipped woodchipped wood

How to address material use within landfill How to address material use within landfill boundariesboundaries– Should gShould glass for roadbed construction, etc.lass for roadbed construction, etc. be be

counted as a lower value than glass returned to counted as a lower value than glass returned to glass manufactureglass manufacture

AAre all “beneficial uses” considered diversionre all “beneficial uses” considered diversion

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GGAPAP Status in 2004 Status in 2004 Decisions on GAP approach and rules made by Decisions on GAP approach and rules made by

National multi-stakeholder teamNational multi-stakeholder team– Rules change over timeRules change over time– Meetings every tMeetings every threehree months by conference months by conference

callcall 40 communities in Canada had GAP charts on 40 communities in Canada had GAP charts on

CSR websiteCSR website 15 UK GAPs on website15 UK GAPs on website Designed process to generate GAP chart Designed process to generate GAP chart

automatically from Ontario “Datacall” processautomatically from Ontario “Datacall” process GAP envisioned as pGAP envisioned as permanent ‘work in progress’, ermanent ‘work in progress’,

– would continue to evolve with more municipal would continue to evolve with more municipal inputinput

2020

GAP Status in 2010GAP Status in 2010 Statistics Canada added GAP to bi-annual reporting Statistics Canada added GAP to bi-annual reporting

2006 2006 National GAP Committee no longer active as of 2004National GAP Committee no longer active as of 2004 Ontario adopted GAP for municipal benchmarking Ontario adopted GAP for municipal benchmarking

and performance reporting 2001and performance reporting 2001 WDO adopted GAP for diversion and disposal WDO adopted GAP for diversion and disposal

reporting 2005reporting 2005 2006/2007 WDO developed verification protocols 2006/2007 WDO developed verification protocols

– ““Tests” to ensure reported numbers reasonableTests” to ensure reported numbers reasonable– ““default values” for cases where data not default values” for cases where data not

measuredmeasured GAP diversion value for 200 municipalities posted on GAP diversion value for 200 municipalities posted on

WDO website annually based on Datacall resultsWDO website annually based on Datacall results

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Questions?Questions?

mkelleher@kelleherenvironmental.comkelleher@kelleherenvironmental.comm