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Transcript of 1 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized...
1 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
2 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Ditching and Survival
Ditching and Survival
Proprietary Information All Rights Reserved Rev 1.0
3 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Fundamentals of Survival
Flotation in sea survival situations
Protection from the elements
Rescue signaling
Medical care of the injured
Sustenance
- and the most important element:
POSITIVE MENTAL ATTITUDE
Flotation in sea survival situations
Protection from the elements
Rescue signaling
Medical care of the injured
Sustenance
- and the most important element:
POSITIVE MENTAL ATTITUDE
4 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Body Core Temperature
The core temperature, normally 98.6 F / 37C, is the temperature essential to maintaining the body’s metabolism
Water conducts heat away from the body 25+ times faster than air
50% of body heat is lost through the head. The next greatest loss is from the hands
The core temperature, normally 98.6 F / 37C, is the temperature essential to maintaining the body’s metabolism
Water conducts heat away from the body 25+ times faster than air
50% of body heat is lost through the head. The next greatest loss is from the hands
Core
Hypothermia is the second greatest threat after the accident.
5 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Signs of Hypothermia
Exhaustion
Shivering
Slurred speech
Memory lapses
Incoherence
Mental Deterioration
Muscular Rigidity
Loss of Coordination
Drowsiness
When the body core temperature drops to 95F (35C) or below.
6 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
In-water risk
7 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
The basic principles for re-warming a hypothermic victim are:
Conserve the body heat that the victim has
Supplement the heat the body is producing
The basic principles for re-warming a hypothermic victim are:
Conserve the body heat that the victim has
Supplement the heat the body is producing
8 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Corrective MeasuresMild/Moderate Hypothermia
Get the victim out of the elements
Treat for shock as necessary
Remove wet clothing and replace with dry clothing. Add layers of clothing.
Keep the head warmly covered
If required, share body heat
Do not rub the arms and legs
Get the victim out of the elements
Treat for shock as necessary
Remove wet clothing and replace with dry clothing. Add layers of clothing.
Keep the head warmly covered
If required, share body heat
Do not rub the arms and legs
9 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
S – Size up the situation. Any emergency first aid required? Inventory all usable items.
U – Undue haste makes waste. Energy is precious.
R – Remember where you are. Remain at the site if possible.
V – Vanquish fear and panic from the group.
I – Improvise. Devise uses for the things around you.
V - Value living. The will to survive is paramount.
A - Act like the natives would in the environment you are in.
L - Learn basic survival skills before you need them
- from the US Army Survival Manual
SURVIVAL
10 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
– the primary elements of survival.
Their order of importance will vary based on the type of area you are in.
Food, Fire, Shelter, Water
11 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
The Group should Choose the Leader This will help to ensure compliance
Fear, for many reasons, is a real and active danger. It must be controlled.
Organize group survival activities; give everyone able a task and rotate the duties.
Develop mutual dependence within the group.
Never Give Up - maintain a positive mental attitude.
12 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Assess your surroundings for anything that you can use to improve the situation. Determine if moving to another area is required.
For all types environments, your life raft will provide:
Shelter Fire (flare) Water Purifier
Food Signaling Devices Knife
Fishing Gear Survival manual
Signaling for rescue – build a smoky fire, arrange rocks, seaweed, etc. in an open area
Survival on Land
13 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Utilize the life raft Shelter – utilize the life raft.
Fire – the flares can ignite a smoky signal fire.
Water - look for water sources nearby. If none are available, build a solar still or place plastic bags over vegetation to collect moisture
Food – survival kit bars
Be aware that there can be extremes
in temperature Conserve energy, do not travel during the day
Maintain a signal fire
Desert Survival
14 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Locating Water in the Desert
15 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Shelter – life raft or build a shelter
Fire – utilize a flare to ignite a fire
Water– utilize water purifier with water from puddles and streams. Many plants catch and hold water. Coconut milk can be taken in small quantities
Food – generally abundant but use caution as some forms are poisonous.Plants eaten by primates considered safe. Most reptiles and mammals that have been skinned are considered safe
Try to remain as dry as possible, especially your feet
Be aware of your surroundings There are dangerous insects, reptiles, etc. Always shake out any clothing before donning.
Jungle Survival
16 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Shelter - Utilize the life raft and also build a snow shelter.
Fire - for signaling and comfort.
Water – melt snow in frequent small quantities.
Food – survival kit food bars. Also attempt hunting and fishing.
If frostbite is suspected do not rub or attempt to defrost; protect affected area.
If travel is required in the Arctic, take several compass readings and average them together.
Arctic Survival
17 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Ditching Equipment and
Procedures Ditching Equipment and
Procedures
18 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Life Raft
FSI DITCHING video
19 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Ditching Procedures
121.5 / 243.0 military/USCG
2182 maritime distress AMVERS
Satcom, AirCell,
VOIP and cell phones
121.5 / 243.0 military/USCG
2182 maritime distress AMVERS
Satcom, AirCell,
VOIP and cell phones
Emergency Communications
20 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Aircraft Landing Procedure
Pilots will attempt to land parallel and between the waves. The aircraft may touch the water several times before coming to a complete stop.
Pilots will attempt to land parallel and between the waves. The aircraft may touch the water several times before coming to a complete stop.
21 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Life Vest
G450
Know the location and the operation of the life vests on your aircraft. Hawker
22 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Life Vests
Remove life vest from plastic pouch and place over your head
Secure snugly with black strap around your waist The greatest security is gained by wrapping strap around 1 leg
and fastening in front, especially for children, pregnant women, obese persons or adults under 5’4”
Do Not inflate inside aircraft; inflate on wing
Only pull one tab to inflate
Flight crew should don vests during
preparation for ditching
Remove life vest from plastic pouch and place over your head
Secure snugly with black strap around your waist The greatest security is gained by wrapping strap around 1 leg
and fastening in front, especially for children, pregnant women, obese persons or adults under 5’4”
Do Not inflate inside aircraft; inflate on wing
Only pull one tab to inflate
Flight crew should don vests during
preparation for ditching
Hawker 800
“Life vest in base of seat”…
Demonstrate to the passengers as you don your own life vest.
23 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Hoover Infant/Child Life Vest Child Life Vest
The Hoover is designed to protect a child from the elements
35 lb. (15.9k) weight limit
Parents must be thoroughly briefed on the procedures involved to ensure compliance
24 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
HELP and Huddle Positions
H - Heat
E - Escape
L - Lessening
P - Position
H - Heat
E - Escape
L - Lessening
P - Position
HELP Position
Huddle Method
Positions that aid in reducing the body heat lost while in the water.
25 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Provide flotation and protection from the elements - on water or on land.
Life Raft
26 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Life Rafts
Life rafts are often stored under a divan but may be in a closet or the baggage area
Deploy all rafts from the same side of the aircraft
Life rafts are often stored under a divan but may be in a closet or the baggage area
Deploy all rafts from the same side of the aircraft
Raft in Falcon baggage
Covered raft in Falcon cabin
Gulfstream divan
27 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Life Raft Features
Mooring Line
Auxilliary inflation Ring
28 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Mooring Line
Remove the line from the end only Pull out only as much line that is needed
to secure the raft Pulling from the wrong area may cause
the raft to inflate prematurely
EAM
Winslow
Winslow
29 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Winslow Mooring / Inflation Line Connection
Most Life rafts have 1 line that secures and also inflates the life raft
Winslow has an additional inflation ring for rapid inflation
30 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Winslow Survival Kit
All rafts have an inventory inspection list in a small pocket on the raft valise.
Know the operation of all items included in the raft and it’s survival kit.
31 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Sea Anchor
Important for the stability of all rafts
The sea anchor should drag freely in the water behind the raft
Maybe white or black
Important for the stability of all rafts
The sea anchor should drag freely in the water behind the raft
Maybe white or black
32 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
A Ditched Aircraft Should Float Nose Up
33 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
After Evacuating into the Raft
It is important to get off the aircraft as soon as possible and into the raft
Stay with the aircraft as long as possible but be alert to cut the raft line, as needed
Advise passengers that swimming or excessive activity will reduce energy, increase heat loss, and can lead to dehydration
It is important to get off the aircraft as soon as possible and into the raft
Stay with the aircraft as long as possible but be alert to cut the raft line, as needed
Advise passengers that swimming or excessive activity will reduce energy, increase heat loss, and can lead to dehydration
34 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Additional Survival Measures
Count the survivors and assess injuries
Remind all to keep their head out of the water to help maintain body heat. Maintain an upright position
If the rafts were not deployed, utilize HUDDLE position to provide flotation for survivors without a life vest
Count the survivors and assess injuries
Remind all to keep their head out of the water to help maintain body heat. Maintain an upright position
If the rafts were not deployed, utilize HUDDLE position to provide flotation for survivors without a life vest
Air Sunshine ditching – Key West
35 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Survival Measures
For those without a flotation device, assign those with vests to assist
Keep everyone, groups, rafts, and individuals close, preferably tied together
For those without a flotation device, assign those with vests to assist
Keep everyone, groups, rafts, and individuals close, preferably tied together
36 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Be Familiar with Raft
Become familiar with the features of the raft, its survival kit, and the method of deployment – before you need it ! Become familiar with the features of the raft, its survival kit, and the method of deployment – before you need it !
37 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Goodrich Mooring/Inflation Line
Goodrich Life Raft
38 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Eastern Aero Marine (EAM)2006 and newer
39 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Eastern Aero Marine
Canopy spreads over stakesand center paddle mast.
pre 2006
40 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
EAM Survival Kit
41 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Survival Kit Signaling Devices
ELT Mirror Whistle Sea dye marker / SEE
Rescue Ribbon Strobe light, flashlight Hand held flares
ELT Mirror Whistle Sea dye marker / SEE
Rescue Ribbon Strobe light, flashlight Hand held flares
42 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
(ELT) Emergency Locator Transmitter
A satellite signaling device
Most operate on 121.5, 243 (military) and 406 Mhz
Battery lasts approx. 50 hours
A satellite signaling device
Most operate on 121.5, 243 (military) and 406 Mhz
Battery lasts approx. 50 hours
All aircraft ELTs must be upgraded to 406 Mhz
43 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
ELT’s and
EPIRBs
An EPIRB is the marine
equivalent of an ELT
44 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
1. Signal is activated by impact or by a manual switch.2. Satellite receives signal and relays it to a land receiving station.3. Land station sends the information to a Search and Rescue unit.4. Rescue aircraft receive information.
How an ELT Works
45 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
121.5/243 Mhz - 25 square miles 406 Mhz - 2 square miles or less
Initial Search Areas
46 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Signal Mirrors (Acrylic Type)
Range over 40 miles / 64 km
Easy to use, can be used on hazy days
Can be used at night with strobe light
CDs, DVDs, etc. can also be effective
Range over 40 miles / 64 km
Easy to use, can be used on hazy days
Can be used at night with strobe light
CDs, DVDs, etc. can also be effective
47 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Whistles
Typically 120 decibels - can be heard ½ mile away
Especially useful in fog or at night
Typically 120 decibels - can be heard ½ mile away
Especially useful in fog or at night
48 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Sea Dye Marker
May be used to mark the ground to alert rescue aircraft
Will dye 1 square acre of calm water green for approximately 1 hour. May be visible for 6 to 10 miles from 25000 feet
May be used to mark the ground to alert rescue aircraft
Will dye 1 square acre of calm water green for approximately 1 hour. May be visible for 6 to 10 miles from 25000 feet
49 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
See Rescue RibbonAn optional item seen in some survival kits
50 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Raft and Life Vest Lights
One waterproof flashlight with extra bulb and batteries
Water activated raft canopy light Water activated canopy interior light Water activated raft lights should burn approximately
10 hours
One waterproof flashlight with extra bulb and batteries
Water activated raft canopy light Water activated canopy interior light Water activated raft lights should burn approximately
10 hours
51 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Strobe Lights
Kit includes one waterproof strobe light
Must be manually activated
Will last 9 hours continuously or 18 hours with
intermittent use
Kit includes one waterproof strobe light
Must be manually activated
Will last 9 hours continuously or 18 hours with
intermittent use
52 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Winslow Hand Held Flares
Skyblazer Hand Held (Roman Candle Style) : Produces 2 minutes of red flare.
Skyblazer Hand Held (Roman Candle Style) : Produces 2 minutes of red flare.
Skyblazer XLT Aerial : Up to 500 foot altitude, 10 second burn time, visible for 28 miles (45k).
53 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Flare Use
Flares must always be held overboard and at an angle to avoid dripping the hot compound into the raft.
Use caution when firing a flare at night. The glow may temporarily blind the rescue aircraft pilot using night vision goggles.
54 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Scenario
You are landing at the home airport with 4 passengers including a 2 year old child. The aircraft suddenly lurches to the right. You hear something yelled from the cockpit but you can’t understand what was said.
The aircraft slides off the runway into a lake.
What do you do?
You are landing at the home airport with 4 passengers including a 2 year old child. The aircraft suddenly lurches to the right. You hear something yelled from the cockpit but you can’t understand what was said.
The aircraft slides off the runway into a lake.
What do you do?
55 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
Summary
Ditchings are highly survivable.
The #1 requirement in any survival situation
is a positive mental attitude.
Ditchings are highly survivable.
The #1 requirement in any survival situation
is a positive mental attitude.
56 FLA-FI-DITCHING-CP-CP-Rev1_0 Copyright © 2011 FlightSafety International, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.