11

EDUCATION System in EDUCATION System in PakistanPakistan

11

5 December , 20085 December , 2008

PART - I

• Constitution of Pakistan

• Organization & Functions

PART – II

• Education Scenario

• Financing

• Education Policy

• Other Programmes

PART - I

• Constitution of Pakistan

• Organization & Functions

PART – II

• Education Scenario

• Financing

• Education Policy

• Other Programmes

ContentsContents

22

Constitution of Pakistan

Constitution of Pakistan

33

Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b

“The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary

education within minimum possible period”

Concurrent Legislative List:Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy,

centres of excellence, standard of education & Islamic education

44

Functions and OrganizationsFunctions and Organizations

55

Major Functions of Ministry of Education

Under Rules of Business 1973

• National policies, plans and programmes in education. Development of curricula and textbooks.

• International aspects of education.• External examinations. Equivalence of degrees and

diplomas.• Education in the Capital, Federally Administered Areas

and AJ&K.• Financial assistance to educationists and men of

letters.• National libraries.• Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.• Welfare of Pakistani students abroad and foreign

students in Pakistan.

• National policies, plans and programmes in education. Development of curricula and textbooks.

• International aspects of education.• External examinations. Equivalence of degrees and

diplomas.• Education in the Capital, Federally Administered Areas

and AJ&K.• Financial assistance to educationists and men of

letters.• National libraries.• Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.• Welfare of Pakistani students abroad and foreign

students in Pakistan. Continue… 66

• International exchange of students and teachers.• Foreign studies and training. International

assistance.• Administration of Selective Federal educational

institutions.

• International exchange of students and teachers.• Foreign studies and training. International

assistance.• Administration of Selective Federal educational

institutions.

Act No. X of 1976 provides for Federal supervision of curricula, textbooks and maintenance of standards of education.

Act No. X of 1976 provides for Federal supervision of curricula, textbooks and maintenance of standards of education.

77

Millennium Development Goals(2001)

1. Ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in difficult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality

2. Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring girls’ full and equal access to and achievement in basic education of good quality

88

Functions of Administration Wing

Recruitment / appointments / promotions / transfers / grant of leave and pension to employees of main Ministry.

Rules and regulations for appointments, promotions, transfers etc. in main Ministry.

Maintenance of CR dossiers / ICP Charts / declaration of assets of officers of Ministry.

Disciplinary cases, Courts and Wafaqi Mohtasib cases. Administrative and financial matters of Federal Board of

Intermediate and Secondary Education and Pakistan National Commission for UNESCO, Inter Board Committee of Chairmen, Islamabad.

Administrative matters / budget of Education Division. Processing of release of funds and reconciliation of

expenditure.

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Functions of Administration Wing

Public Accounts Committee, Departmental Accounts Committee, Audit observations and Internal Audits.

Business relating to the Parliament / Cabinet and other organs of State.

Follow-up of President’s and Prime Minister’s Directives. Inter-Ministerial and Intra-Ministerial Coordination. Redressal of public grievances relating to Ministry and its

organizations. Matters pertaining to Pakistan Boys Scouts Association

and Pakistan Girls Guides Association. Presidential Awards i.e. Izaz-i-Kamal, Izaz-i-Fazeelat and

Izaz-i-Sabqat etc.

1010

Functions of Policy & Planning Wing

Formulation of National Policies, Plans and Programs. Process all development schemes (DDWP, CDWP,

ECNEC). Organize Inter-Provincial Education

Secretaries/Ministers' meetings. Prepare and monitor implementation of PSDP, Medium

Term Plan (MTP) and Perspective Plan (PP). Coordinate release of funds with Finance Div., Planning

& Development Div. and AGPR. Monitoring and evaluating education sector

expenditures. Assist and coordinate with Provincial Education, Finance

and Planning Departments and District Governments to develop education sector plans.

Collection of statistics. 1111Continue…

Functions of Policy & Planning Wing

Surveys and research studies. Laison with development partners, within

government and foreign donors and institutions. Negotiate external economic assistance. Prepare reports for media, budget speech, Economic

Survey, year book etc. Disseminate government policies, plans, and

programs among all development partners and stakeholders.

Develop and Maintain Ministry’s website. Oversee functioning of Academy for Educational

Planning and Management.

1212

Functions of Curriculum Wing

1313

Curriculum Wing has been empowered through Federal Supervision of Curricula, Textbooks and Maintenance of Standards of Education Act, 1976:

To prepare or cause to be prepared [1] schemes of studies, [2] curricula, [3] manuscripts of textbooks and [4] schedules or strategy for their introduction in accordance with the education policy..

To approve manuscripts of textbooks produced by other agencies before they are prescribed.

To direct any person or agency to delete, amend or withdraw any portion, or the whole, of the curriculum, textbook or reference material.

Functions of Projects Wing

Monitoring of projects.

Collaboration between FIUs & PIUs.

Interact with donor

agencies/partners/stakeholders.

Evaluation of projects.

Management and release of project funds.

Implementation of various projects (GoP and

foreign funded).

1414

Functions of Training Wing Teacher Training and Education-In-service and Pre-service Training Programmes in collaboration with donors agencies. Science Olympiads and fairs in collaboration with Intel and

universities etc. Foreign and local scholarships. International Cooperation and Cultural Exchange Programs. Coordination / NOC to foreign students for admission in

Pakistan on self finance. Management of educational institutions in ICT. Administrative, financial and legal matters of following

institutions: National Institute of Science and Technical Education,

Islamabad Federal Directorate of Education, Islamabad Federal College of Education, Islamabad Polytechnic Institute for Women, Islamabad

1515Continue…

Functions of Training Wing

National Education Foundation, Islamabad National Museum of Science and Technical Education,

Lahore Colombo Plan Staff College, Manila, Philippine Technical Panel on Teacher Education, Islamabad Dawood College of Engineering and Technology, Karachi National College of Arts, Lahore Sindh Madressah-tul-Islam, Karachi Department of Libraries

1616

Functions of Monitoring & Evaluation Cell

To monitor induction of modern education in Madaris and the working of NGO’s.

To improve working of various organizations by suggesting measures based on performance.

To identify areas in which performance has been unsatisfactory, alongwith suggestions for improvement.

Keep Secretary / Minister informed on proper observance and implementation of procedures in various departments, particularly financial discipline.

Monitor and prevent losses due to fraud, misappropriation, pilferage, misuse and theft.

Keep Secretary / Minister informed of any activities prejudicial to the public interest and state of discipline and morale of students and employees.

1717

Functions of PMUPMU will closely oversee all stages and aspects of planning, resource mobilization, monitoring and coordination of all development projects including ESR Programme at Federal, Provincial and District level.

Main Functions of PMU Ensure timely release of funds to line departments. Evolve Monitoring mechanism to gauge the out-puts/out-

comes of development Projects. To collect quarterly monitoring reports containing physical as

well as financial achievements. To ensure optimum and efficient utilization of the budget. To evaluate achievement of programme objectives and

targets. To suggest and supervise remedial measures to improve

effectiveness and efficiency of the programme.

1818

Pakistan Chairs Abroad1. Quaid-e-Azam Distinguished Professorship at Columbia

University, USA.

2. Quaid-e-Azam Studies Chair, University of California, Berkeley, USA.

3. Quaid-e-Azam Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK.

4. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK.

5. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Humboldt University, Germany.

6. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

7. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

8. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Kazakh Albai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages, Almaty, Kazakhistan.

1919Continue…

9. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ankara University, Turkey.

10. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tehran University, Iran.

11. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tribhuvan University, Katmandu, Nepal.

12. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Jordan University, Amman.

13. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Peking University, Beijing, China.

14. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Bapist University, Hong Kong.

15. Allama Iqbal Research chair in Urdu and Arabic, King Saudi University, Saudi Arabia.

Pakistan Chairs Abroad

2020

2121

1. Central Asia, University of Peshawar, Peshawar.

2. South Asia, University of the Punjab, Lahore.

3. Far East and South East Asia, University of Sindh.

4. Europe, University of Karachi, Karachi.

5. Middle East and Arab Countries, University of Balochistan, Quetta.

6. Africa, North and South America, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.

Area Study Centres For:

Pakistan Study Centres at Universities of Punjab,Sindh, Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta & Q. A. University

Shaikh Zayed Islamic Centres, University of Punjab, Karachi & Peshawar.

1. Psychology – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. 2. Mineralogy – University of Balochistan, Quetta.3. Analytical Chemistry – University of Sindh, Jamshoro.4. Water Resources Engineering – University of Engineering

and Technology, Lahore.5. Arts & Design – Mehran University of Engineering and

Technology, Jamshoro.6. Marine Biology – University of Karachi, Karachi.7. History and Culture – Quaid-e-Azam University,

Islamabad. 8. Molecular Biology – University of the Punjab, Lahore.9. Gender Studies – Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. 10. Geology – University of Peshawar, Peshawar.11. Physical Chemistry – University of Peshawar, Peshawar.12. Solid State Physics – University of the Punjab, Lahore.

Centres of Excellence

2222

PART – IIEDUCATION SCENARIO

2323

Country

Ranking(out of 177 countries)

2005 2006 2007

Iran 99 96 94

Sri Lanka 93 93 99

Maldives 96 98 100

India 127 126 128

Bhutan 134 135 133

Pakistan 135 134 136

Bangladesh 139 137 140

Nepal 136 138 142

Human Development IndexHuman Development Index

Source: Human Development Reports, 2005-06 & 2007-08, UNDP

Source: Human Development Reports, 2005-06 & 2007-08, UNDP 2424

Sources: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2006-07

67%

48%

67%

42%

22%

58%

28%

67%

58%

47%

42%

55%

Literacy Rates

Pakistan: 55%Male: 67%Female: 42%

“The ability of a person who can read a

newspaper and write a simple letter in any

language”

Literacy Definition(As in 1998

Census)

Literacy Definition(As in 1998

Census)

2525

Educational Institutions by Level

Level Total Public PrivatePre-primary 1,081 287 794

Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88

Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823

Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115

Secondary 25,090 10,550 14,540

British System 281 11 270

NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823

Inter & Degree Colleges 1,882 1,025 857

Universities 116 59 57

Technical/ Professional 1257 426 831

Vocational 3,059 916 2,143

Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799

Others 3,120 2,241 879

TOTAL 227,791 151,772(67%)

76,019(33%)

Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP2626

Institutions by Medium of Instruction

Type# of

Institutions

Urdu English Sindhi

Others

Total 227,791 148065(65%)

22779(10%)

34168(15%)

22779(10%)

Public 151,744 103,186

(68%)

3,035(2%)

33,384

(22%)

12,139(8%)

Private 76,047 43,347(57%)

21,293(28%)

1,521(2%)

9,886(13%)

Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP2727

No. of Institutions, Enrolment, Teaching Staff

Area

Educational

Institutions Covered

Non-Function

al

Enrolment

(Million)

Teaching Staff

Pakistan 227,791 12,737 33.51,356,80

2

Punjab 110,459 2,742 18.3 716,768

Sindh 51,006 3442 6.6 290,749

NWFP 37,761 1,781 5.2 198,893

Balochistan

10,986 306 1.1 50,893

ICT 1,189 23 0.4 19,387

FATA 5,145 123 0.6 22,079

Northern Area

3,977 128 0.4 15,196

AJK 7,268 192 0.9 42,837Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006

2828

Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006

Enrolment (Million)Enrolment (Million)Province/

Area Total Male Female Rural Urban

Pakistan 33.379 18.98157%

14.39843%

19.15957%

14.21943%

Punjab 18.298 9.79554%

8.50346%

10.37457%

7.92443%

Sindh 6.552 3.84459%

2.70741%

2.55139%

4.00161%

NWFP 5.206 3.32264%

1.88436%

3.93676%

1.27024%

Balochistan 1.110 0.713 64%

0.39636%

0.66260%

0.44740%

ICT 0.390 0.208 53%

0.18147%

0.09023%

0.30077%

FATA 0.605 0.440 73%

0.16527%

0.605100% -

Northern Area 0.354 0.190

54%0.16446%

0.28881%

0.06619%

AJK 0.859 0.464 54%

0.39546%

0.65076%

0.20924%

2929

Deeni Madaris (Enrolment and Teaching Staff)

Area No.

Covered

No. of Refusal

s

No. for which Data Collected

EnrolmentTeaching

Staff

Pakistan 12,979 826 12,153 1,549,242 58,391

Punjab 5,459 159 5,300 674,281 24,977

Sindh 1,935 119 1,816 312,693 11,951

NWFP 2,843 275 2,568 336,983 12,058

Balochistan

769 99 670 65,597 2,891

ICT 77 15 62 10,557 657

FATA 135 43 92 14,162 481

FANA 1,193 39 1,154 88,540 3,160

AJK 568 77 491 46,429 2,216

Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006

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Drop-out Rates

Class 11-12

Class 9-10

Class 6- 8

Class 1-5

0.076

1.311

3.074

12.480

Enrolment1999-2000

Dropouts 1999-2000

Dropouts 2004-05

0.708

1.479

3.323

14.829

30.14%

22.41%

24.5%

53.0%

0.023

0.294

0.753

6.614

15.7%

15.68%

15.9%

31.3%

0.111

0.232

0.528

4.641

Total: 16.941 Million Total: 7.684 Million Total: 5.512 MillionTotal: 20.339 Million

Total children eligible for enrolment (5-16): 44.340 millionChildren who did not enroll (5-16): 24.001 million

Enrolment2004-05

Class 11-12

Class 9-10

Class 6- 8

Class 1-5

Source: 1. National Institute of Population Studies, 2004-05, 2. NEMIS, M/o Education. 3131

No Boundary Wall

No DrinkingWater

No Electricity No Toilet No Building

53,481(33%)

46,766(29%)

81,633(50%) 9,776

(6%)

57,216(35%)

PAKISTANMissing Facilities

Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006

Total schools upto Middle level160,798

Total schools upto Middle level160,798

3232

Public Schools in Union CouncilsPublic Schools in Union Councils

Pakistan Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch. AJK FANA

Number of Union Councils

6,438 3,446 1,108 998 567 196 111

No. of Union Councils without Boys High School

2,080(32%)

1,170(34%)

386(35%)

247(25%)

225(40%)

20(10%)

32(29%)

No. of Union Councils without Girls High School

3,919(61%)

2,014(58%)

780(70%)

619(62%)

374(66%)

45(23%)

87(78%)

No. of Union Councils without Boys Higher Sec. School

5,880(91%)

3,215(93%)

993(90%)

816(82%)

567(100%)

178(91%)

111(100%)

No. of Union Council without Girls Higher Sec. School

6,053(94%)

3,243(94%)

1,046(94%)

911(91%)

567(100%)

175(89%)

111(100%)

3333

Computer and Science Labs in High SchoolsComputer and Science Labs in High Schools

Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch.Total

Pakistan

Total number of high schools

13,152 4,608 2,723 670 21,153

Without Computer Labs

4,030(31%)

1,362(29%)

1,256(46%)

476(71%)

7,124(34%)

Without Science labs

1,527(12%)

832(18%)

511(19%)

356(53%)

3,226(15%)

Without Science Teachers

1,143(9%)

---247(9%)

86(13%)

1,476(7%)

3434

FinancingFinancing

3535

Financing

YearRecurrin

g Developme

ntTotal

% of GDP

Private

Sector

% of GDP*

2000-01 69.5 6.4 75.9 1.82% 16.8 2.22%

2001-02 70.4 8.5 78.9 1.79% 22.0 2.28%

2002-03 79.5 10.4 89.9 1.86% 26.3 2.41%

2003-04 94.3 30.0 124.3 2.20% 31.1 2.75%

2004-05 106.6 33.3 139.9 2.13% 36.0 2.67%

2005-06 128.9 41.9 170.8 2.21% 40.7 2.74%

2006-07 160.0 56.6 216.6 2.48% 45.5 2.96%

2007-08 191.0 65.0 256.0 2.44%

(Rs. billion)

* % of GDP including Private sector budget.Source: Demands for grants, Budget books of Govt. of Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, Balochistan & AJ&K. Federal Ministries/Divisions, District Governments.

3636

EDUCATION BUDGET AS % AGE OF GDP (2005-06): SOUTH ASIA

Country Percentage

Iran 4.7

India 3.8

Bangladesh 2.4

Maldives 7.5

Nepal 3.4

Pakistan 2.21 (05-06)2.44(07-08)

Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008

3737

Education PolicyEducation Policy

3838

Challenges Weakened Governance

Fragmentation Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships

Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams Low level of literacy Out of school children Dropouts Public Private Partnership In-adequate financing Gender Equity Poor monitoring & evaluation Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary

schools Inconvenient school location

3939

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY

• Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education• Promotion of Equity• Minimum National Standards• Relevance to Labour Market• Sector Planning• Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018• Encourage Private sector• Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education• Improve Planning, Management and Implementation

Capacity• Donor Harmonisation• Overcoming Fragmented Governance

4040Continue…

• Bridging the Public Private Divide• Improved Examination System• Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5

years) & inclusive education.• Achieve the MDG goals. • All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle

level• Well developed plan for expanding school

facilities.• High priority to reducing drop out rates • Improved school environment• Career Counselling at higher secondary level• Develop national literacy curriculum • Enhance qualifications for employment as

teachers4141Continue…

• Pre-service & in-service teacher training• Accreditation and certification of teachers • Merit based teacher recruitment, professional

development, promotions & postings• Curriculum development • Competitive publishing of textbooks and learning

materials• District Education Boards to be established for

managing schools• Separate management & academic cadres

4242

i. Highlights of New Scheme of Studies:

a.a. ‘‘Islamiat’ as an integrated subject in Classes I-II. Full-fledged subject from Classes III to XII. ‘Ethics’ for non-Muslims.

b. Advanced ‘Islamic Studies’ in Classes IX-XII as an elective subject.

c. General Science compulsory from Classes IV-VIII.

d. Pakistan Studies compulsory upto Class-X. Advance Pakistan Studies as Elective for Classes XI & XII.

1. Policy Reforms Undertaken

4343Continue…

Highlights of New Scheme of Studies

e. History, Geography compulsory in Classes VI-VIII. Includes history of sub-continent upto 1947. Post 1947 in Pak Studies.

f. Computer Literacy compulsory for Classes VI-VIII. ‘Computer Science’ elective subject in Classes IX-X and a Group in Class XI-XII.

g. Choice of Arabic / Other Languages, Drawing, Technology, Home Economics, Agriculture in Classes VI to VIII.

h. Medical Technology Group (6 subjects) in Classes XI & XII.

4444

ii. Review of Curriculum:

a. Curriculum being updated in view of new Scheme of Studies, challenges of modern world and job market.

b. Curriculum for 24 core subjects notified. Implementation from 2009. Total subjects 81.

4545

iii. New Textbook Policy:

Main features are: improved quality of education through

quality textbooks at affordable prices, competitive publishing of textbooks by

public & private publishers, textbook boards will become facilitating

& regulating authorities. Will approve textbooks.

controversial material (cultural, religious, ethnic) shall not be included in textbooks.

4646

to improve quality of education at elementary level.

to develop capacity in education assessment.

to measure learning achievements of students in grades IV and VIII.

Based on test results, education system being rehashed.

iv. National Education Assessment System (NEAS)

iv. National Education Assessment System (NEAS)

4747

v. Examination System:

a. Centralized Examination System.b. Question papers will have 3 parts:

i. 20% objective. ii. 50% short answers. iii. 30% descriptive answers. Choice reduced to 33%. Papers based on curriculum, not

textbooks. Teachers being trained to prepare

children for new pattern.c.c. Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max

of 2 subjects.of 2 subjects.c.c. Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max

of 2 subjects.of 2 subjects.4848

vi. Access to Education

a. Free education and textbooks up to secondary level.

b. To promote girls' education, future primary schools to be co-education with female teachers only.

c. Stipends to girl students at Middle level.

4949

vii. Governance Reforms

a. Inter-Provincial Education Ministers' (IPEM) Conference, for uniformity at national level.

b. Colleges & Technical education schools withdrawn from Districts and placed under Provinces.

c. Introduction of Prep (ECE) Class.

d. Regulatory Authority for private educational institutions in Islamabad.

e. Uniform academic session from 2009.

5050Continue…

f. All schools Bilingual. English and Urdu compulsory from Class-1 onwards.

g. English as medium of instruction for Science, Math and Computer Science. Islamiat, Pak Studies in Urdu in all schools.

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5252

Thank youThank you