1 dr.Boenjamin Setiawan, Ph.D. Future of Industrial Biotechnology dr.Boenjamin Setiawan, Ph.D.,UCSF...

11dr.Boenjamin Setiawan, Ph.D.dr.Boenjamin Setiawan, Ph.D.

Future of Industrial Future of Industrial BiotechnologyBiotechnology

dr.Boenjamin Setiawan, Ph.D.,UCSFdr.Boenjamin Setiawan, Ph.D.,UCSF

1.1. Biotechnology consists of Traditional and Biotechnology consists of Traditional and Modern Biotech: Medical, Agro, Environmental, Modern Biotech: Medical, Agro, Environmental, Chemical, and Food BiotechnologyChemical, and Food Biotechnology

2.2. Third Generation Biotech= Functional Third Generation Biotech= Functional Genomics and ProteomicsGenomics and Proteomics

3.3. Targeted Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Targeted Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Stem cells, should be the Focus for Asia Stem cells, should be the Focus for Asia

4.4. BINASIA should become the Information Hub BINASIA should become the Information Hub for Biotech Asiafor Biotech Asia

5.5. Governments must stimulate Innovation in R&D Governments must stimulate Innovation in R&D through various Incentivesthrough various Incentives

dr.Boenjamin Setiawan, Ph.D.dr.Boenjamin Setiawan, Ph.D. 22


The Central Dogma

of Molecular Biology


• Legend:

Amino acids specified by each codon sequence on mRNA. Key for the above table:

Ala: Alanine Cys: Cysteine Asp: Aspartic acid Glu: Glutamic acidPhe: Phenylalanine Gly: GlycineHis: Histidine Ile: Isoleucine Lys: LysineLeu: Leucine Met: MethionineAsn: AsparaginePro: ProlineGln: GlutamineArg: ArginineSer: SerineThr: ThreonineVal: ValineTrp: TryptophaneTyr: TyrosisneA = adenine G = guanine C = cytosine T = thymine U = uracil

DNA transfers information to mRNA in the form of a code defined by a sequence of nucleotides bases. During protein synthesis, ribosomes move along the mRNA molecule and "read" its sequence three nucleotides at a time (codon) from the 5' end to the 3' end. Each amino acid is specified by the mRNA's codon, and then pairs with a sequence of three complementary nucleotides carried by a particular tRNA (anticodon).

• Since RNA is constructed from four types of nucleotides, there are 64 possible triplet sequences or codons (4x4x4). Three of these possible codons specify the termination of the polypeptide chain. They are called "stop codons". That leaves 61 codons to specify only 20 different amino acids. Therefore, most of the amino acids are represented by more than one codon. The genetic code is said to be degenerate


Functional Genomics Definition

Functional genomics is a field of molecular biology that is attempting to make use of the vast wealth of data produced by genome

sequencing projects to describe genome function. Functional genomics uses high-throuput

techniques like DNA microarrays, proteomics, metabolomics and mutation analysis to describe

the function and interactions of genes.

Because of the large quantity of data and the desire to be able to find patterns and predict gene functions and interactions bioinformatics is crucial

to this type of analysis. Comparative genomic analyses can also held determine gene function.


HUPO Brain Proteome ProjectHUPO Brain Proteome Project

• HUPO BPP is an open international project under the patronage of the Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) that aims:

• . to analyze the brain proteome of human as well as mouse models in healthy, neurodiseased and aged status with focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease· to perform quantitative proteomics as well as complemantary gene expression profiling on disease-related brain areas and bodily fluids· to advance knowledge of neurodiseases and aging in order to push new diagnostic approaches and medications· to exchange knowledge and data with other HUPO projects and national / international initiatives in the neuroproteomic field· to make neuroproteomic research and its results available in the scientific community and society

• http://www.hbpp.org/


The Scientific Development of Biotechnology The Scientific Development of Biotechnology and Its Industrial Applicationsand Its Industrial Applications


Biotechnology Based DrugsBiotechnology Based Drugs

Biomanufacturing, the commercial production of biotechnological products, is poised for tremendous growth in the next decade as a number of new biotechnology products enter the marketplace. To date, 130 biotechnology drugs and vaccines have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States. There are currently 350 biotechnology-derived drugs in clinical trials and more than 1,200 biotechnology-based drugs in preclinical development.

http://www.ncsu.edu/BulletinOnline/06_03/guestcolumn620.htm


• U.S. Leads World in R&D Spending, China Moves to 3rd PlaceThe United States continues to lead the world in R&D witb 38 percent of world R&D spending in 2003 according to data from the OECD. U.S. industry, government and other sectors spend more on R&D than the entire EU combined. The U.S. share has declined only slightly from 40 percent during most of the 1990s, but other nations' shares have changed dramatically. China has increased its R&D investments dramatically in recent years and is now the 3rd largest investor in R&D (adjusted for purchasing power), behind only Japan and the U.S. http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/06pch4.htm


• United States: Over the past ten years, a new informal innovation system evolved in the U.S., with support from government and industry for basic research in universities, nurtured by rapid growth in venture capital, and implemented by industrial firms through strong investments in R&D, capital equipment, and information technology. This highly complex system of innovation is also based on close collaborations and increasing alliances among industry players, universities, and government labs. There are now stresses in this proven formula that must be addressed.


• Asia: The Chinese government views 2005 as a vital year to build its country’s innovation capacity to support a harmonious, well-rounded, and prosperous society. A National Science and Technology Plan for 2006-2020 will be promulgated to: produce proprietary intellectual property by scanning the leading science and technology developments; strengthen national competitiveness by developing key technologies; focus on strategic high-tech products and projects; and build sustainable innovation capacity.

• To support the Plan’s goals, the government will play an active policy role, drastically increasing public expenditure on R&D. It will improve infrastructure and streamline the innovation system. A comprehensive set of national programs has been developed to manage various aspects of the Plan. Implementation of the Plan and supporting programs will be led by the Ministry of Science and Technology.


• The economy of Japan is holding steady, supported by satisfactory exports and increasing domestic consumption. Deflation is a continuing concern. Recovery is being led by digital consumer products and the materials industries, especially steel. Although the National Budget of 2005 fiscal year will show decreased expenditures, the allocation for promoting science and technology will by increased by 2.6 percent to 1.3 trillion yen. This is aligned with the Japanese Government strategy to realize “an advanced science- and technology-oriented nation”.


• In spite of a blurry economic picture, Korean R&D expenditure will increase 22.2 percent in 2005, focusing on telecommunications, electronics, computers, machinery, chemicals, metals, and food & medicines. Over 80 percent of the companies surveyed will increase R&D expenditures in 2005 The National Innovation System will be reworked to improve university research, seek globalization and to concentrate national S&T resources on the development of 10 new growth industries. To facilitate commercialization of public R&D results, the technology transfer budget was more than tripled


The Future of Regenerative The Future of Regenerative Medicine/Stem CellsMedicine/Stem Cells


Nucleus of patient Nucleus of patient transferred to transferred to

enucleated human enucleated human oocyte.oocyte.

Inner cell mass from Inner cell mass from blastocyst cultured and blastocyst cultured and

stimulated to form stimulated to form specific cell types specific cell types

required for required for THERAPY----THERAPY----

Diabetes, Parkinson, Diabetes, Parkinson, Cancer, Stroke etcCancer, Stroke etc,,


The Chemo-The Chemo-attractive attractive homing homing

hypothesis of hypothesis of circulating circulating

STEM CELLS, STEM CELLS, attracted to attracted to injury, in the injury, in the

infarcted areainfarcted area


Biotechnology: Present and FutureBiotechnology: Present and Future


"Biotech's best days are still to come, It is a fundamentally sound and innovative industry creating essential products for improving the health and quality of life of everyone on the planet." http://wistechnology.com/article.php?id=533


RecommendationsRecommendations1. Considering the limited financial and human resources

Indonesia must focus its R&D on MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (Functional Genomics/Proteomics Targeted Therapeutics)and STEM CELL/Regenerative Medicine

2. The Government must STIMULATE INNOVATION by giving TAX INCENTIVES to industries doing R&D

3. Efforts must be made to Facilitate Government-University-Industry cooperation

4. Applied Research in Universities and Government institutions should be done in close cooperation with industries

5. BINASIA should become the communication hub for International Cooperation and Technology Transfer


THANK

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