1 Distributed Generation Task Force November 5, 2007.
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Transcript of 1 Distributed Generation Task Force November 5, 2007.
1
Distributed GenerationTask Force
November 5, 2007
2
• ERCOT requires a fifteen (15) minute settlement interval
• Vast majority of Customers do not have this level of granularity
• Profiles are created using adjusted static models• Models estimate customer level interval load based on
• calendar-type data (season, day of week, time of day)
• weather data (temperature, wind-speed, cloud-cover, dew-point)
• Backcasted Profiles are generated the day following a trade day and used for all settlements (initial, final and true-up)
• Load Profiling• Converts monthly kWh reads to fifteen (15) minute
intervals• Enables the accounting of energy usage in settlements
ERCOT Load Profiling
3
• ERCOT Load Profile Models are documented in Appendix E of the Load Profiling Guide on the ERCOT website
http://www.ercot.com/mktrules/guides/loadprofiling/current.html
ERCOT Load Profiling
4
• ESI IDs are linked to Load Profile Models by their Load Profile ID
• Rules for assigning ESI IDs to Load Profile ID are also documented in Appendix D of the Load Profiling
http://www.ercot.com/mktrules/guides/loadprofiling/2007/11/AD001/Appendix_D_-_Profile_Decision_Tree_110107.xls
ERCOT Load Profiling
5
3 Load Profile Groups3 Load Profile Groups 10 Segments 10 Segments
Residential (2)Residential (2)
Low-Winter RatioLow-Winter Ratio (Non-electric Heat)(Non-electric Heat)High-Winter RatioHigh-Winter Ratio (Electric Heat)(Electric Heat)
Business (5)Business (5)
Low Load FactorLow Load FactorMedium Load FactorMedium Load FactorHigh Load FactorHigh Load FactorNon-DemandNon-DemandIDR DefaultIDR DefaultOGFLTOGFLT
Non-Metered (2)Non-Metered (2)
Lighting (Street Lights)Lighting (Street Lights)Flat (Traffic Signals)Flat (Traffic Signals)
6
8 ERCOT Weather Zones8 ERCOT Weather Zones
7
8 8 Weather Weather
ZonesZones
10 Profile10 ProfileSegmentsSegments
80 Load Profiles80 Load Profiles
Total ProfilesTotal Profiles
8
Profiling Example
Application of Backcasted Load Profiles to an ESI ID*Application of Backcasted Load Profiles to an ESI ID*
0.00
0.10
0.20
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0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
11/1
5/03
11/1
6/03
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11/1
8/03
11/1
9/03
11/2
0/03
11/2
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/03
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/03
12/3
/03
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/03
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/03
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/03
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/03
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/03
12/9
/03
12/1
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12/1
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12/1
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12/1
3/03
12/1
4/03
kWh
(15-
min
ute)
Published RESLOWR_SCENT backcasted load profiles for 11/15/03 thru 12/14/03: 729.53 Total kWh
RESLOWR_SCENT ESI ID Meter Read: 1,460 kWh from 11/15/03 thru 12/14/03.Each published backcasted load profile value is multiplied by a scalar of approx. 2.0
** Actually applied to groups of ESI IDs with similar characteristiActually applied to groups of ESI IDs with similar characteristics.cs.
Application of Backcasted Load Profiles to an ESI ID*Application of Backcasted Load Profiles to an ESI ID*
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
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0.90
11/1
5/03
11/1
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11/1
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11/1
8/03
11/1
9/03
11/2
0/03
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3/03
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/03
12/2
/03
12/3
/03
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/03
12/5
/03
12/6
/03
12/7
/03
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/03
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/03
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1/03
12/1
2/03
12/1
3/03
12/1
4/03
kWh
(15-
min
ute)
Published RESLOWR_SCENT backcasted load profiles for 11/15/03 thru 12/14/03: 729.53 Total kWh
RESLOWR_SCENT ESI ID Meter Read: 1,460 kWh from 11/15/03 thru 12/14/03.Each published backcasted load profile value is multiplied by a scalar of approx. 2.0
** Actually applied to groups of ESI IDs with similar characteristiActually applied to groups of ESI IDs with similar characteristics.cs.
9
Profiling ExampleOne Day
ESIID - 1/15/2007
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96Interval
kWh
Actual Load Profile Load
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ESIID - 1/15/2007
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Interval
kWh
ESIID - 1/15/2007
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Interval
kWh
Sunrise Sunset
LoadGeneration
Net Load Load as Profiled
• 105 kWh of load is offset with 24 kWh of photovoltaic generation behind the meter
• Standard RESHIWR profile allocates the 81 kWh of net load for the day without considering the presence of generation behind the meter
Standard Profiles with Distributed Generation
11
ESIID - 8/10/2007
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Interval
kW
h
ESIID - 8/10/2007
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Interval
kWh Load
Generation
Net LoadLoad as Profiled
Sunrise Sunset
Standard Profiles with Distributed Generation
• 58 kWh of load is offset with 34 kWh of generation behind the meter
• Standard RESHIWR profile allocates the 24 kWh of net load for the day without considering the presence of generation behind the meter
• Net load of 24 kWh reflects 5 kWh of reverse registration on the meter
12
ESIID - 8/10/2007
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
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1.50
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Interval
kWh
ESIID - 8/10/2007
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Interval
kWh
Generation
Load Net Load Load as Profiled
Sunrise Sunset
Standard Profiles with Distributed Generation
• 58 kWh of load is offset with 34 kWh of generation behind the meter
• Standard RESHIWR profile allocates the 29 kWh of net load for the day without considering the presence of generation behind the meter
• Meter Detent prevents 5 kWh of reverse registration on the meter
13
Excerpts from the Load Profiling Guide:
16.1.3 Chunking Profiling Methodology Description
The chunking method of Load Profiling for TOU customers means that a standard profile is applied to the customer’s consumption data for a meter reading period. However, the energy for each TOU period in the Load Profile is scaled so that it is equal to the metered energy (kWh) for the TOU period. For each TOU period within a meter read cycle, the metered consumption during the Time-of-Use (TOU) period is allocated to time intervals within the TOU period in proportion to the Load Profile level at each interval in that period.
Time-Of-Use Methodology
14
• Assumed detented meter programmed for 3 time of use periods:-TOU 1 = (Midnight – 7:45 am) & (5:15 pm – Midnight)
-TOU 2 = (7:45 am – 9:45 am) & (3:45 pm – 5:15 pm)
-TOU 3 = (9:45 am – 3:45 pm)
• Careful specification of the TOU periods can allow chunking the standard profile to reasonably approximate the net load of the ESI ID
TOU Profiles with Distributed Generation
ESIID - 1/15/2007
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
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1.00
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1.50
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Interval
kWh
Series3 Series1 TOU 1 TOU 2 TOU 3
Net LoadLoad as Profiled
15
ESIID - 8/10/2007
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Interval
kWh
Series3 Series1 TOU 1 TOU 2 TOU 3
ESIID - 8/10/2007
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
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0.75
1.00
1.25
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1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Interval
kW
h
Series3 Series1 TOU 2 TOU 3
• In- and Out-Meters programmed for 3 time of use periods:-TOU 1 = (Midnight – 7:00 am) & (7:45 pm – Midnight)
-TOU 2 = (7:00 am – 8:15 am) & (6:00 pm – 7:45 pm)
-TOU 3 = (8:15 am – 6:00 pm)
• TOU periods based on anticipated shape of net load during August
• Both meters detented to measure load flow in one direction
• Flow into ERCOT profiled with a flat profile (for this example)
TOU Profiles with Distributed Generation
Net Load
Load as Profiled
Net to ERCOT
Net as Profiled
16
TOU Profiling Considerations
Approval of a new TOU schedule requires Submission of an LPGRR, and Stakeholder Approval Process Up through TAC
Minor ERCOT system changes (table update) provided no more than 4 TOU periods per day type
Flexible TOU periods and day types Periods not necessarily contiguous Up to 7 day types
Flexible definition and number of Seasons TOU periods can be different across seasons
If energy flow into ERCOT is NIDR metered, development of a profiling methodology would be needed to create settlement interval data
Accuracy would be problematic Flat profile would be easiest to create Obtaining higher level of accuracy may not be cost effective
System changes required to accommodate profiling for energy flow into ERCOT (resource data)
TDSP meter limitations may be different than ERCOT limitations
17
Output of a Dallas-area Photovoltaic Array
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
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0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
12:0
0 AM
2:00
AM
4:00
AM
6:00
AM
8:00
AM
10:0
0 AM
12:0
0 PM
2:00
PM
4:00
PM
6:00
PM
8:00
PM
10:0
0 PM
12:0
0 AM
2:00
AM
4:00
AM
6:00
AM
8:00
AM
10:0
0 AM
12:0
0 PM
2:00
PM
4:00
PM
6:00
PM
8:00
PM
10:0
0 PM
kW
August 9, 2007 August 10, 2007
sunrise sunset
18
Wzone Sunrise Sunset Sunrise Sunset
Coast 7:16 17:46 6:23 20:23East 7:19 17:39 6:15 20:27
Fwest 7:50 18:10 6:45 20:57Ncent 7:29 17:47 6:22 20:37North 7:32 17:43 6:18 20:40Scent 7:28 17:56 6:32 20:34South 7:21 18:00 6:38 20:27West 7:39 18:00 6:35 21:03
Jan-08 Jun-08
Sunrise and Sunset Times
19
Excerpts from the Load Profiling Guide:
12.5 Groups of ESI IDs Eligible to Become Profile Segments
For a group of ESI IDs to be a distinct profile segment, the group shall satisfy the following requirements:
• The group is based on readily identifiable parameters, which are not subject to frequent change.
• The group is reasonably homogeneous as defined in Section 12.6.4, “Homogeneity.”
• The group is sufficiently different from other existing profiles as defined in Section 12.6.2, “Difference from Current Profiles.”
• The group is of sufficient size to justify its own profile segment as defined in Section 12.6.3, “Size.”
12.6 Information Required with Request for Change
All requests shall include the following:• Unambiguous Group Identification• Difference from Current Profile Segments• Size• Homogeneity• Quality Assurance Methodology for ESI ID Identification
LPG Requirements for New Profile
Source: InfinitePower.org
Insolation Across Texas
21
Average Windspeed by Hour -- North Central WZ
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
12:00AM
1:00AM
2:00AM
3:00AM
4:00AM
5:00AM
6:00AM
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8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM
11:00AM
12:00PM
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
5:00PM
6:00PM
7:00PM
8:00PM
9:00PM
10:00PM
11:00PM
mp
h
January 2007
+1 sd
-1 sd
22
Average Windspeed by Hour -- North Central WZ
0
2
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12:00AM
1:00AM
2:00AM
3:00AM
4:00AM
5:00AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM
11:00AM
12:00PM
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
5:00PM
6:00PM
7:00PM
8:00PM
9:00PM
10:00PM
11:00PM
mp
h
August 2007
+1 sd
-1 sd
23
Average Windspeed by Hour -- Far West WZ
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
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1:00AM
2:00AM
3:00AM
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9:00AM
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11:00AM
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2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
5:00PM
6:00PM
7:00PM
8:00PM
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11:00PM
mp
h
January 2007
+1 sd
-1 sd
24
Average Windspeed by Hour -- Far West WZ
0
2
4
6
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14
16
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12:00AM
1:00AM
2:00AM
3:00AM
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5:00AM
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8:00AM
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5:00PM
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9:00PM
10:00PM
11:00PM
mp
h
August 2007
+1 sd
-1 sd
25
New Load Profile Considerations
Market Participant submit a request Evaluation Time for request Load Profiling Methodology
Lagged Dynamic Approved for new profiles but system changes needed for
implementation Dynamic sampling required as population increases
Static Models Sample Requirements Collection of Load Research data (18 – 24 months) Sample data analysis and model building Require LPGRR and Stakeholder Approval Process for New Model
150 day Market Notice Required after Stakeholder Approval Process