1 Crisis and Rebirth in Europe Late Medieval 1300-1650 Ch 24-25,27 Plagues- Revolts- Wars and Famine...
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Transcript of 1 Crisis and Rebirth in Europe Late Medieval 1300-1650 Ch 24-25,27 Plagues- Revolts- Wars and Famine...
1
Crisis and Rebirth in Europe
Late Medieval 1300-1650 Ch 24-25,27
Plagues- Revolts- Wars and Famine
Religious CrisisReformation and Renaissance
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Economic, Social and HealthCrisis
• A- Famine- partly bad weather• B- Plagues caused havoc(see map p 273)
– types Bubonic (Black Death) Pneumonic– blamed sin, flagellation
• C- Peasant revolts- reduction in pop-– lords still wanted work- not enough serfs– Jaquire in France 1358, English peasants
revolt in 1381 AND then
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Political CrisisHundred Years War 1337-
1453• Begin- fight over Gascony (last English
province in France) Edward III claimed French throne-
• English win stunning victory at Crecy soldiers paid with strong long bow
• France too big too unify under Eng.- Henry V at Agincourt
• Joan of Arc- French loose battles but win the war
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Other Changes
• 1. Feudalism breaking down towns increasing and kings becoming stronger raise own armies- issue right to tax
• 2. England - long struggle to establish Tudor kings (War of Roses)
• 3. Spain - Christians uniting to force out Moors
• 4. Russia forces out the Mongols• 5. Ottoman Turks take Byzantium 1453
5
Holy Roman EmpireRevisited
• still disunity but in 15th century Charles V rules Spain, Germany, Italy
• never able to control Italian city states
• has to deal with reformation in Germany
• Charles breaks up Empire and retires
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Religious Crisis
• Western Church spits with the Eastern orthodox 1054
• Papacy moves to Avignon- French king powerful- resented by others
• Vote for another pope- est Two popes - called another Great Schism
• Corruption, conflict - selling church position and indulgences for sins led to--------------->
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Intellectual ReawakeningCh 25 The Renaissance
• Began in Italy- means “rebirth” some see as beginning of modern age with emphasis of individualism
• 1. rebirth of classics- began to study Aristotle, Plato reconcile antiquity with Christianity
• 2. Humanism- saw potential in humans- belief in education, change and hope
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Philosophy of Renaissance (cont)
• 3. to make people virtuous , see the possibility in improving
• 4. looked to Greeks and Romans- recognized they were superior
• 5. basis for scientific thought• And even your gen Ed classes- try to
make you an “educated, well rounded human i.e. renaissance (wo)man.”
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The Reformation ch 27
• Many movement to reform- John Hus in 1415 had called for end of corruption went to Council at Constance- burned
• Council said they were directly connected to God and everyone had to listen
• popes themselves not the models of virtue- supported arts and relatives
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The Reformers
• Martin Luther- deeply religious priest- never intended break, but would not back down at Worms “Here I stand”– escaped, translated Bible to German-
began a political and religious struggle in Germany- Most of North became Lutheran
• Erasamus 1536t popularized Christian Humanism and inner piety
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More Reformers
• John Calvin 1564t systematic reformer– from France to Geneva- set up theocracy– inspired John Knox- carried reform to
Scotland
• Zwingli 1531t priest in Zurich got rid of relics and images, replaced liturgy with Scripture reading, prayer and sermon, died in battle