1 Computer Software

7/25/2019 1 Computer Software

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Session - 1Session - 1

Basics Of ComputersBasics Of Computers

Syed Waqar Azeem


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 22

A Desktop MachineA Desktop Machine


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A Computer SystemA Computer System

Hardware

Software

User

Hardware

Software

User


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A Computer System (Contd.)A Computer System (Contd.)

In genera! a computer is a mac"ine w"ic"

accepts data! processes it and returns new

information as output#

Data Information

Processing


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers $$

SoftwareSoftware

Software is set of programs %w"ic" are step &'step instructions( teing t"e computer "ow toprocess data#

Software needs to &e instaed on a computer!usua' from a C)#

Softwares can &e di*ided into two groups+

, S'stem S-

, .ppication S-


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Software (Contd.)Software (Contd.)

S'stem Software

It contros t"e o*era operation of t"e s'stem#

It is stored in t"e computers memor' and

instructs t"e computer to oad! store! and

eecute an appication#

ampes+ perating S'stem %S(! ransators

)S! -indows! Uni etc#


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Software (Contd..)Software (Contd..)

.ppication Software

"e' are Softwares written to perform specific

tass#

"e &asic t'pes of appication software are+

word processing! data&ase! spreads"eet!

destop pu&is"ing! and communication#ampes+ 5Sffice! a'! 5Sutoo!

ISS! 5).89 .8S:


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers ;;

Advantages of sing ComputersAdvantages of sing Computers

Speed:Computers can carr' out instructions in esst"an a miiont" of a second#

Accuracy:Computers can do t"e cacuations wit"outerrors and *er' accurate'#

Diligence:Computers are capa&e of performing an'tas gi*en to t"em repetiti*e'#

Storage Capacity:Computers can store arge*oume of data and information on magnetic media#


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers


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$ypes of Computers$ypes of Computers

n t"e &asis of Computing ?ower @ SiAe+

Baptop / ?amtop

5icro Computer / )estop

5ini Computer / 5ainframe Super Computer


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%anguage of Computers%anguage of Computers

Computers on' understand t"e eectronicsignas#

it"er Current is fowing or not#

Current :owing +

Current ot :owing + ::

inar' Banguage

+ 1

:: + 0

it! 'te! 8! 5! =


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Computer &etworkComputer &etwork

. Computer etwor is interconnection ofComputers to s"are resources#

9esources can &e + Information! Boad!)e*ices etc#


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$ypes Of Computer &etworks$ypes Of Computer &etworks

n t"e &asis of SiAe+

Boca .rea etwor %B.(

Its a networ of t"e computers oca' i#e# in

one room! one &uiding#

-ide .rea etwor %-.(

Its a networ of t"e computers spread wide'

geograp"ica'#


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Benefits of Computer &etworksBenefits of Computer &etworks

Information S"aring

)e*ice S"aring

Boad S"aring

5o&iit'

:ast Communication

.n'w"ere .n'time aning


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 1$1$

'nternet'nternet

Internet is a "uge networ of computer networs#

Internet pro*ides man' ser*ices+

> mai

> -ord -ide -e& %www(

> 9emote Bogin %enet(

> :ie ransfer %:?(


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End Of Session #1

ANY Queries ??????


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C ( Centra# rocessing nit)C ( Centra# rocessing nit)

"e centra processing unit %C?U(! aso

nown as ust a DprocessorE! is t"e D&rainD

of 'our computer#

It contains *arious eectronic circuits#


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 1;1;

D (Monitor)D (Monitor)

"is is t"e tee*ision,ie screen w"ere t"e resuts

of a computers tass are dispa'ed#

5onitors come in a siAes! &ut most common't"e' are eit"er 1$ or 17 inc"es

%measured diagona' from one corner of t"e

screen to t"e opposite corner(#


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Its a de*ice t"at is used to contro t"e computer#

. ca&e connects t"e mouse to t"e computer#

-"en t"e mouse is mo*ed on a pad! caed a mouse pad! t"e cursor on t"e screen mo*es#

. cursor is a sma s'm&o dispa'ed on t"e

computer screen %norma' a diagona arrow t"atis used as a pointer( t"at s"ows 'ou w"at t"e

mouse is referencing on t"e screen#

MouseMouse


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rinterrinter

. printer is designed to output information

from a computer onto a piece of paper#

"ere are t"ree inds of printers+

dot matri! aser! and inet#


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ScannerScanner

. scanner is a de*ice used to cop' an image off

paper and con*ert it into a digita image! w"ic"

can &e sa*ed as a computer fie and stored on a

"ard dri*e#

Scanners can aso use a specia ind of

tec"noog' caed ptica C"aracter 9ecognition

%C9( to read tet from paper and sa*e it as an

edita&e document fie


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Session # 2Session # 2

'nside $he C Ca+inet'nside $he C Ca+inet


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A %ook 'nside.A %ook 'nside.

Floppy

CD


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power

supply

hard

drive

motherboard

A %ook 'nside ..

CD-ROM

drive

floppydrive

cards


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A %ook 'nside,A %ook 'nside,

Identif' a t"e maor components+

> ?ower Supp'

> 5ot"er&oard

> 5emor'> Card Sots

> Cards %sound! *ideo! networ(

> C?U! "eatsin and fan> )ri*es %fopp'! "ard and C),95(


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-hat these components do.-hat these components do.

?ower Supp'> %"eart( suppies power to a t"e circuitr'and de*ices#

5ot"er&oard> %&od'( acts as a manager for e*er't"ing

on t"e computer > connects a t"e ot"er componentstoget"er#

C?U> Centra ?rocessing Unit > %&rain( t"is does a t"e

wor of computing#


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 2 9andom .ccess 5emor' > %s"ort,termmemor'( "ods data and program instructionst"at t"e computer is current' using#

Hard )ri*e> %ong,term memor'( "ods a of t"einformation t"at needs to &e stored &etweenuses of t"e computer#

:opp' and C),95 dri*es> %mout"/ears( aow'ou to gi*e data to t"e computer and tae dataawa' from t"e computer#

h h d


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-hat these components do,-hat these components do,

Card Sots> %fingers( .ows ot"er components to

&e added to t"e computer#

Fideo card> %face( )oes a of t"e processing

necessar' to get stuff ooing nice on screen!

Guic'#

Sound card> %*oca cords( .ows sounds from H)

or C),95 to &e pa'ed#

etwor Card> %teep"one( aows computer to

ta to ot"er computers o*er a wire#


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ower Supp#yower Supp#y

S5?S > Switc" 5ode ?ower Supp' Switc"ing ransistors

utputs $F! ,$F! 12 F! ,12 F

'pica Costs are+. > 9s#700

on . > 9s#300

Usua'! S5?S comes wit" t"e C?U Ca&inet#


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Mother+oardMother+oard


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CC

ampes+ Inte:ami' > ?entium 4! 3! 2! ?entium!

! Itanium .5) ,, .t"on! 862

I5 ,, C'ri

5otoroa ,, 6;000 Series

CU

.BU

5emor'9egisters

. Singe C"ip


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AMAM


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!ard Drive!ard Drive

We wont remove this.


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/#oppy Drive/#oppy Drive


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CD0OM Drive


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i++on Ca+#esi++on Ca+#es

polarized


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Sound Card


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Back ofBack of

ComputerComputer

Remove these screws


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End of Session # 2End of Session # 2

Queries???Queries???


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CC

"e centra processing unit or %C?U( is t"e D&rainDof 'our computer# It contains t"e eectronic circuitst"at cause t"e computer to foow instructionsfrom memor'#

"e C?U contains t"ree main parts! a "oused

in a singe pacage %C"ip(+

> Contro Unit %CU(

>.rit"metic Bogic Unit %.BU(

> 5emor'

AC!


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Session # 3

Computer Peripherals


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Major PeripheralsMajor Peripherals

8e'&oard

5ouse

Hard )is

:opp' )is C) 95

?rinter

Scanner

Jo'stic


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KeyboardKeyboard 8e'pad contains+

>.p"a&ets> um&ers

> Specia S'm&os

>:unction 8e's

Gwert8e'&oard %'pewriter 8e'&oard(#

n e' press it sends a code %.SCII Code( to t"e C?U#

?ug ?a' de*ice#

'pica Cost is 9s#300 > 9s#1200


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MouseMouse

?ointing @ Cic )e*ice# wo / "ree uttons

-"ee / ptica 5ouse

NormallyBeft Cic > Seect/ 9un

9ig"t Cic > ?opup 5enu

'pica Cost is 9s#100 > 9s1000


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers 4 9s6000

Cost/it is Bow#


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers $0$0

Floppy DiskFloppy Disk

5agnetic 5emor' )e*ice#

9emo*a&e storage#

. singe circuar m'ar pastic dis! coated wit" magnetic

materia is paced in a protecti*e pastic casing#

'pica siAe is 3#$E @ Capacit' is 1#445

'pica Costs are+

:opp' )ri*e ,, 9s#300

:opp' )is ,, 9s#10

CD ROMCD ROM


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CD ROMCD ROM

ptica )e*ice#

9emo*a&e Storage#

9ead n' 5emor'#

'pica Capacit' is $$0 5& > ;005

'pica Costs are+

)ri*e ,, 9s#1000 )is 9s10 > 9s#3$

9eated erms+

C) -riter -95

C) 9-


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PrinterPrinter

utput )e*ice! ?roduces Hard Cop'

'pes+> )ot 5atri

> Inet

> Baser 'pica Cost 9anges from 9s#3$00 > 9s#2 acs

9eated erms+

> Impact > on Impact

> 9i&&on! Cartridge! oner! )ut' C'ce

5aor Fendors in India+

> H?! Cannon! Samsung! FS! pson etc#


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ScannerScanner

Input )e*ice! Con*erts a "ard cop' into acomputer fie#

Used to Scan Signatures! ?"otograp"s etc#

ptica )e*ice#

'pica Cost 9s#4000 > 9s#7$000

5aor Fendors in India+

> H?! Uma! Cannon

owada's Scanners wit" C9 produces

edita&e documents#


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End o Session !"End o Session !"

KueriesLLL


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Session - 4Session -4

O#er#ie$ o Operatin% SystemO#er#ie$ o Operatin% System


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What is Operating SystemWhat is Operating System

O is system software! which may be viewed ascollection of software consistin" of procedures foroperatin" the computer.

#t provides an environment for e$ecution of pro"rams%application software&.

#ts an interface between user ' computer.


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Computer Machine

(Hardware)

User / Programmer

Operating System

Human UnderstandableLanguage (High Level

Language)

Machine Language(Low Level Language)


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers $;$;

Types of OSTypes of OS

Multipro"rammin" O

Multitas(in")Multiprocessin"

Multiuser O

*ime harin" O

Real *ime O

Distributed O


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers $


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"unctions of OS"unctions of OS

"i!e Management

Memory Management

Process Management

#e$ice Management


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Types of ProcessingTypes of Processing

erial 3rocessin"

*he 1ob is processed at the time when

it is submitted.

7atch 3rocessin"

*he similar 1obs are bunched to"ether andare (ept for processin" at an later time.


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MS%#OS O$er$iewMS%#OS O$er$iew

M-DO is an acronym for Microoft Dis( Operatin" ystem

#t is a C+# based operatin" system.

#t provides user with a command prompt %"enerally called as C89& wherevarious command could be typed.

When one operates in the DO environment! one interacts with thecommand interpreter! which interprets the commands "iven by user.

#t provides an environment for e$ecution of various application pro"ramsli(e M-Word! MOD7:;,R! #7 etc.


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What is CommandWhat is Command

#t is a strin" of characters which tells the computer what to do.

When one types commands to a computer! one is conversin"with the operatin" system-?)4@floppy drive to the hard drive! one could type

C89A copy a89file.t$t c89

*he word @copy@ is a DO command which causes files to becopied from one location to another


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&ntering the #OS &n$ironment&ntering the #OS &n$ironment

#f the O is DO then the system will directly show prompt %C89A&

#f the O is windows one must either terminate the Windows environment! oropen a DO shell within the Windows environment.

'stMethod*erminatin" Windows ,nvironment

elect BRestart in M-DO Mode from hut Down in tartMenu.

#'ndMethodOpenin" DO hell in Windows

elect tartA3ro"ramsA:ccessoriesACommand 3rompt %3&tartA3ro"ramsA:ccessoriesAM-DO 3rompt %2&


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"i!es and #irectory"i!es and #irectory

"i!es

: file is a collection of Records. #t is the smallest unit of =ile ystem %tora"e& in a computer. :ny document created usin" computer is a file. *his document could either be a

letter! any e$cel sheet! any ima"e or even a database.

#irectory : collection of files is directory %in DO& or folder %in Windows& #t is analo"ous to the Office =older which contains various documents. : directory)folder eases the mana"ement of related files) documents! li(e the

various circulars related to personnel could be placed in a directory calledBpersonnel and all the circulars related to loans could be placed in a directory

called Bloans.


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"i!enames in #OS"i!enames in #OS

*he filename in DO have the followin" format.

EnameA.Ee$tA

#t has two parts the name and the e$tension.

*he name could be of characters and the e$tension of >characters.

*he filename can contain alphabets and numbers. #t cannotcontain any special character other than underscore %F& and alsono spaces.


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Organi*ation of fi!es in #OSOrgani*ation of fi!es in #OS

*he DO file system is a hierarchical file system.

=iles are collected into directories! and directories may contain

both files and other directories.

*here is always a directory which is not contained by any

other! called the rootwhich is represented by the bac(slash


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Organi*ation of fi!es in #OS (Contd+)Organi*ation of fi!es in #OS (Contd+)

Concept of Path,very file can be specified by enumeratin"all of the directories between the root and it! separated by the

bac(slash


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Some #OS Commands

dir ,isting of a!! the directories+

C89A dir

c!s C!ears the screen+

C89A cls

copy con Creates a fi!e+

C89A copy con EfilenameA

E Write your Contents 0ereA3ress Ctrl-I %JI& to finish writin".

,$8 C89A copy con test.dat

6ets Ma(e +CO a top class 7an(.

Ctrl-I %JI&

? file%s& copied. %: Messa"e will be shown on the system&

*his will create a file named test.dat havin" some data.


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Some #OS Commands (Contd+)Some #OS Commands (Contd+)

edit &dits a fi!e+

C89A edit EfilenameA

*his will open a editor window where the contents of file can be seen. *hesecontents could also be edited here and on savin"! the contents of file willchan"e.

type #isp!ays the content of a fi!e+

C89A type EfilenameA

*his will display the contents of file on the computer. *he contents of file could

only be viewed but could not be chan"ed! as in the case of edit.


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md Ma-e #irectory+

C89A md %directory nameA

*his will create a directory with the specified name.

cd Change #irectory+

C89A cd %directory nameA

*his will chan"e the directory from current directory to the specified directory.

rd .emo$e #irectory+

C89A rd %directory nameA

#f the directory is needed to be removed permanently from the computer! usethis command. =or this command to be e$ecuted it is necessary that the

directory should be empty and user should be on a directory above it.


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copy Copies a fi!e+

C89A copy EsourceA EdestinationA

*his will copy the file from the source location to the specified destination. *hecommand creates a copy of the file on the destination i.e. the file would befound on both the location.

mo$e Mo$es a fi!e+

C89A move EsourceA EdestinationA

*his will move the file from the source location to the specified destination.*he file from the source location would be removed and would be moved to thedestination.


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ren .enames a fi!e+

C89A ren Eold filenameA Enew filenameA

*his will chan"e the name %rename& of the file to a new name as

specified.

del8 Deletes a file.

C89A del EfilenameA

*his will delete the file permanently from the system.

O$er$iew of WindowsO$er$iew of Windows


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O$er$iew of WindowsO$er$iew of Windows

Windows is an /+# based operatin" system.

#t is also developed by Microsoft Corporation! which is headed by

Mr. 7ill /ates.

Over the years the Microsoft have evolved various versions of

Windows. Win2G! Win2! Win4555! Win M,! Win *! Win 3.

#t "ives user a handy environment where he doesnt have to

remember and learn the synta$es of various commands as is the case

in DO.

*he user can 1ust point and clic( on the #cons provided to him on the

screen.

"o!ders and #ocuments"o!ders and #ocuments


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"o!ders and #ocuments"o!ders and #ocuments

=olders are a way to or"anize your documents within drives in Windows as

are the directories in DO.

: document is each thin" that you create on a computer. : document can

be made usin" any type of software.


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End o Session !&End o Session !&

KueriesLLL


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1'21'2

1# ame an' four de*ices of a Computer#

8e'&oard! 5ouse! Scanner! Big"t ?en#

2# -"at is t"e o& of C?ULCentra ?rocessing Unit contros and

coordinates a t"e acti*ities of t"e computer#


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07/01/1607/01/16 Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers ;0;0

1'21'2

$# ame an' t"ree storage de*ices#

Hard )is! 5agnetic ape! Compact )is#

6# -"at is command to create director'L

C+MN5) OOdir,nameNN

1'2


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1'21'2

7# -"at is InternetL

It is t"e networ of networs#

;# -"at are different t'pes of printersL

)ot 5atri ?rinter! Inet

Baser

11'2


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11# -"at is t"e difference &etween ?rimar'Storage and Secondar' StorageL

?rimar' Storage is temporar' storage!fast and cost'#

Secondar' storage is permanent! sow and

c"eap#

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1'21'2

12# -"at is 5)5# -"' it is reGuiredL

It is 5oduator )emoduator# It is used to

connect t"e ?C to t"e Internet using .naog

eep"one Bines#

13# -"at is t"e maimum engt" of fie

name in )SL:irst ame, ; c"aracters! Bast ame, 3

c"aracters#

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14# -"at is t"e command in )S to see t"econtents of t"e fieL

C+MN 'peOO:ie ameNN

1$# -"at are t"e two t'pes of SoftwareL

S'stems Software

.ppication Software

1 Computer Software

Documents

Transcript of 1 Computer Software