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Computer SoftwareComputer Software

Unit CUnit C

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ObjectivesObjectives

Introduce Computer SoftwareIntroduce Computer SoftwareExplain How Computers Interpret Explain How Computers Interpret SoftwareSoftwareExplore Operating SystemsExplore Operating SystemsCompare Operating SystemsCompare Operating SystemsDefine Document Production Define Document Production SoftwareSoftwareDefine Spreadsheet SoftwareDefine Spreadsheet Software

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ObjectivesObjectives

Define Database Management Define Database Management SoftwareSoftwareDefine Graphics SoftwareDefine Graphics SoftwareDefine Business and Science Define Business and Science SoftwareSoftwareDefine Entertainment and Define Entertainment and Education SoftwareEducation SoftwareUnderstand Licenses and Understand Licenses and CopyrightsCopyrights

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Software CategoriesSoftware Categories

System SoftwareSystem Software

Application SoftwareApplication Software

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System SoftwareSystem Software

Operating Operating SystemsSystems

Device Device DriversDrivers UtilitiesUtilities ProgrammingProgramming

LanguagesLanguages

DOSDOS

WindowsWindows

LinuxLinux

UNIXUNIX

Mac OSMac OS

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Application SoftwareApplication Software

DocumentDocumentProductionProduction

SpreadsheetSpreadsheetSoftwareSoftware

AccountingAccounting& Finance& Finance

MathematicalMathematicalModelingModeling

StatisticalStatistical

EntertainmentEntertainment

DataDataManagementManagement

GraphicsGraphics

MusicMusic

VideoVideo EducationalEducational

ReferenceReference

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Software TopicsSoftware Topics

Computer programComputer program– main executable program (.exe)main executable program (.exe)

Support module Support module – called by the program (.dll)called by the program (.dll)

Data module Data module – Example: a dictionary file or a file that is Example: a dictionary file or a file that is

not supplied by the usernot supplied by the user

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How Computers Interpret How Computers Interpret SoftwareSoftware

Computer programmers write Computer programmers write instructions for programsinstructions for programs

Most businesses purchase Most businesses purchase software instead of writing their software instead of writing their ownown

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How Computers Interpret How Computers Interpret SoftwareSoftware

Computer languagesComputer languages– Source codeSource code– High-level languages: COBOL, C++, JavaHigh-level languages: COBOL, C++, Java

Machine languageMachine language

CompilerCompiler– Creates object code in single batchCreates object code in single batch

InterpreterInterpreter– Converts one instruction at a timeConverts one instruction at a time– Common with web-based scripts (part of web Common with web-based scripts (part of web

page)page)

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Operating SystemsOperating Systems

Interacts with application Interacts with application software, device drivers & software, device drivers & hardware to manage computers hardware to manage computers resourcesresourcesMultitaskingMultitaskingGUI (graphical user interface)GUI (graphical user interface)UtilitiesUtilitiesBootstrap program is stored in Bootstrap program is stored in ROMROM

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Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories

Single user:Single user: PCs and handhelds PCs and handhelds

Multi-user:Multi-user: mainframes or mainframes or centralized computer processingcentralized computer processing

Network/Server:Network/Server: serves as router to serves as router to local computer processinglocal computer processing

Desktop:Desktop: desktop or notebook PC; desktop or notebook PC; single-user, but could handle single-user, but could handle networkingnetworking

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Operating SystemsOperating Systems

Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows – 80% of PCs80% of PCs

Mac OSMac OS

UNIX UNIX – dependable in multi-user environmentdependable in multi-user environment

Linux Linux – free; good for web serversfree; good for web servers

DOSDOS

Palm OS and Windows Mobil OSPalm OS and Windows Mobil OS– For handheldsFor handhelds

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Using the Windows Operating Using the Windows Operating SystemSystem

Most programs use a Most programs use a graphical graphical user interface (GUI).user interface (GUI).

The most common operating The most common operating systems for PCs today is systems for PCs today is Microsoft Windows.Microsoft Windows.

Other GUI operating systems are Other GUI operating systems are Mac OS and Linux.Mac OS and Linux.

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The Windows InterfaceThe Windows Interface

Common Windows elements Common Windows elements include:include:Desktop—the user’s basic Desktop—the user’s basic workspace.workspace.– Taskbar—includes the Taskbar—includes the Start buttonStart button, ,

toolbarstoolbars, and , and task buttonstask buttons..– Windows—rectangular areas inside Windows—rectangular areas inside

which programs, documents, and which programs, documents, and other content is displayed.other content is displayed.

– Menus—used to issue commands.Menus—used to issue commands.

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The Windows Interface, The Windows Interface, Cont’d.Cont’d.

Individual windows can also contain:Individual windows can also contain:

– IconsIcons

– MenusMenus

– ToolbarsToolbars

– HyperlinksHyperlinks

– Dialog boxesDialog boxes

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Opening Windows and Opening Windows and Starting ProgramsStarting Programs

Click a taskbar toolbar button.Click a taskbar toolbar button.

Click a desktop icon if it looks like a hyperlink.Click a desktop icon if it looks like a hyperlink.

Double-click a desktop icon if it doesn’t look Double-click a desktop icon if it doesn’t look like a hyperlink.like a hyperlink.

Click the Start button and then select the Click the Start button and then select the desired program from the Start menu.desired program from the Start menu.

In any window that displays documents In any window that displays documents stored on the PC, double-click a document to stored on the PC, double-click a document to open it.open it.

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Manipulating WindowsManipulating Windows

ActiveActive window—the window in which window—the window in which commands will currently be executed.commands will currently be executed.MinimizingMinimizing, , maximizingmaximizing, and , and closingclosing windows—use sizing buttons at top right windows—use sizing buttons at top right corner of window.corner of window.ResizingResizing and moving windows—drag and moving windows—drag window border or title bar.window border or title bar.

ScrollScroll bars—used to see more bars—used to see more information not currently shown in the information not currently shown in the window.window.

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Shutting Down the ComputerShutting Down the Computer

Standby mode Standby mode reduces power reduces power consumption and wear-and-tear on consumption and wear-and-tear on the PC. the PC. To turn off the PC, it should always To turn off the PC, it should always be shut down through the Start menu.be shut down through the Start menu.Save and close all open documents Save and close all open documents and programs. and programs. – Select the Select the Shut DownShut Down option at the bottom of option at the bottom of

the Start menu.the Start menu.

– Choose the appropriate option.Choose the appropriate option.

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Using the Internet and World Using the Internet and World Wide WebWide Web

The The Internet Internet is a worldwide collection of is a worldwide collection of networks connecting millions of computers all networks connecting millions of computers all over the world. over the world. The The World Wide Web World Wide Web is the collection of is the collection of Web Web pages pages accessed through the Internet. accessed through the Internet.

Computers that host Web pages are called Computers that host Web pages are called Web Web serversservers..

A collection of related Web pages is called a A collection of related Web pages is called a Web site.Web site.

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What Is a Browser?What Is a Browser? A Web browser is a program used to view Web

pages. Common browsers:

Microsoft Internet Explorer

Netscape Navigator MSN Explorer Opera

Wireless phones and other small devices use microbrowsers.

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Accessing the InternetAccessing the Internet

Your PC or other device being used must be Your PC or other device being used must be connected to a computer (usually owned by connected to a computer (usually owned by your ISP) that is continually connected to the your ISP) that is continually connected to the Internet.Internet.

You can be connected via a You can be connected via a direct direct or or always-always-on on connection, or a connection, or a dial-up dial-up connection.connection.

Internet service providers (ISPs) Internet service providers (ISPs) function as function as an onramp to the Internet and typically charge an onramp to the Internet and typically charge a monthly feea monthly fee

Can also access the Internet at libraries, Can also access the Internet at libraries, schools, and other public locations.schools, and other public locations.

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Internet AddressesInternet Addresses

An An Internet addressInternet address identifies a resource identifies a resource available through the Internet, such as a available through the Internet, such as a person, computer, or Web page. person, computer, or Web page. IP addressesIP addresses (e.g. 207.46.134.222) and (e.g. 207.46.134.222) and domain names domain names (e.g. microsoft.com) (e.g. microsoft.com) identify computers available through the identify computers available through the Internet. Internet. URLsURLs (e.g. www.course.com) identify a (e.g. www.course.com) identify a Web page on the Internet.Web page on the Internet.E-mail addressesE-mail addresses (e.g. (e.g. jsmith@course.com) identify a person on jsmith@course.com) identify a person on the Internet.the Internet.

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Using Bookmarks and the Using Bookmarks and the History ListHistory List

Visited Web pages are recorded Visited Web pages are recorded in the browser’s in the browser’s history listhistory list..

To save Web page URLs on a To save Web page URLs on a more permanent basis, use more permanent basis, use bookmarksbookmarks or or favoritesfavorites. .

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Searching the WebSearching the Web

A A search site search site typically uses a typically uses a search search engineengine in conjunction with a huge in conjunction with a huge database of information about Web database of information about Web pages to retrieve information.pages to retrieve information.Keyword search: keywords are typed Keyword search: keywords are typed into a search box and then hyperlinks into a search box and then hyperlinks for matching Web pages are displayed. for matching Web pages are displayed. Category search: a series of Category search: a series of increasingly specific categories are increasingly specific categories are selected until links for matching Web selected until links for matching Web pages are displayed. pages are displayed.

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E-MailE-Mail and Other Types of Online and Other Types of Online CommunicationsCommunications

Electronic mail (e-mail)Electronic mail (e-mail) refers to refers to electronic messages exchanged between electronic messages exchanged between computers over a network and can be sent computers over a network and can be sent to anyone with an Internet e-mail address.to anyone with an Internet e-mail address.E-mail programs, E-mail programs, such as Netscape Mail such as Netscape Mail and Microsoft Outlook, are used to send and Microsoft Outlook, are used to send and receive e-mail.and receive e-mail.

Web-based e-mailWeb-based e-mail, such as Yahoo! Mail , such as Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail, can be accessed with just a and Hotmail, can be accessed with just a Web browser.Web browser.

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Sending and Receiving E-MailSending and Receiving E-Mail

E-mail can be sent and received over private E-mail can be sent and received over private networks, over the Internet, or over some networks, over the Internet, or over some combination of the two. combination of the two. E-mail hyperlinks on Web pages can be used to E-mail hyperlinks on Web pages can be used to start an e-mail message using your e-mail program. start an e-mail message using your e-mail program. To send an e-mail, supply the recipient’s e-mail To send an e-mail, supply the recipient’s e-mail address, type a subject line and the message, and address, type a subject line and the message, and click the appropriate Send button.click the appropriate Send button.

Many e-mail programs also enable users to attach Many e-mail programs also enable users to attach files and maintain an address book.files and maintain an address book.

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Managing E-MailManaging E-Mail

Sent and received messages are stored Sent and received messages are stored in separate folders, and deleted e-mail in separate folders, and deleted e-mail messages are moved to some type of messages are moved to some type of Trash or Deleted Items folder. Trash or Deleted Items folder.

Create additional folders to organize the Create additional folders to organize the e-mail you would like to keep. e-mail you would like to keep.

Delete unneeded e-mail messages Delete unneeded e-mail messages periodically and then empty the Trash periodically and then empty the Trash folder to free up space on your hard folder to free up space on your hard drive. drive.

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Discussion Groups, Chat, Discussion Groups, Chat, Instant Messaging, and MoreInstant Messaging, and More

Discussion groupsDiscussion groups—participants read and post —participants read and post messages.messages.

Chat roomChat room—participants chat in real time.—participants chat in real time.

Instant messagingInstant messaging—private form of chat between —private form of chat between friends and business associates.friends and business associates.

VideoconferencingVideoconferencing—face-to-face meetings via the —face-to-face meetings via the Internet.Internet.

Internet telephonyInternet telephony—phone calls via the Internet.—phone calls via the Internet.

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NetiquetteNetiquette

Guidelines Guidelines for online for online behaviorbehavior

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Societal Implications of Societal Implications of CyberspaceCyberspace

SecuritySecurity

PrivacyPrivacy

Differences in online communicationsDifferences in online communications

The anonymity factorThe anonymity factor

Information integrityInformation integrity

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Summary SlideSummary Slide

Starting your computer: the boot processStarting your computer: the boot process

Using the Windows operating systemUsing the Windows operating system

Using the Internet and World Wide WebUsing the Internet and World Wide Web

E-mail and other types of online E-mail and other types of online communicationscommunications

Social implications of cyberspaceSocial implications of cyberspace

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Document Production SoftwareDocument Production Software

Use to compose, edit, Use to compose, edit, design, print or design, print or electronically publish electronically publish documentsdocumentsTypesTypes– Word processing (Word)Word processing (Word)– Desktop publishing Desktop publishing

(PageMaker)(PageMaker)– Web authoring (Front Page)Web authoring (Front Page)

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Document Production ElementsDocument Production Elements

FormattingFormatting

Page LayoutPage Layout

Headers/FootersHeaders/Footers

ClipartClipart

TablesTables

FramesFrames

Spell checkSpell check

Word wrapWord wrap

MarginsMargins

StylesStyles

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Spreadsheet SoftwareSpreadsheet Software

Use for numerical calculations and Use for numerical calculations and graphsgraphs

Rows and columns Rows and columns

Worksheet, cell, cell referencesWorksheet, cell, cell references

Cells can containCells can contain– ValuesValues– LabelsLabels– FunctionsFunctions– FormulasFormulas

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

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Spreadsheet SoftwareSpreadsheet Software

Formulas vs. functionsFormulas vs. functions

Relative vs. absolute cell Relative vs. absolute cell referencingreferencing

Automatic recalculationAutomatic recalculation

TemplatesTemplates

What-if analysisWhat-if analysis

Not always best for businessNot always best for business

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Data Management SoftwareData Management Software

Use to store, find, organize, update Use to store, find, organize, update and report informationand report information

Database: collection of related filesDatabase: collection of related files

Records and fieldsRecords and fields

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Data Management SoftwareData Management Software

Using database software you can:Using database software you can:– Import and export dataImport and export data– Query records in a particular fieldQuery records in a particular field

• SQL (Structured Query Language)SQL (Structured Query Language)• Natural query languageNatural query language• Query by example (QBE)Query by example (QBE)

– Print reportsPrint reports

Always use information appropriatelyAlways use information appropriately– Data integrityData integrity– PrivacyPrivacy– CopyrightCopyright

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Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software

Use to create, display, modify, Use to create, display, modify, manipulate and print graphicsmanipulate and print graphicsPaint software:Paint software: realistic art and realistic art and photosphotosPhoto Editing software:Photo Editing software: simplifies simplifies common editing taskscommon editing tasksDrawing software:Drawing software: uses vector figures uses vector figures & shapes to create “cartoon-like” & shapes to create “cartoon-like” images.images.

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Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software

3-D Graphics software:3-D Graphics software: create wireframes and then create wireframes and then cover with a texturecover with a textureCAD (computer-aided CAD (computer-aided design):design): 3-D software 3-D software designed for architects and designed for architects and engineersengineersPresentation software:Presentation software: creates electronic slides like creates electronic slides like thesethese

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Business SoftwareBusiness Software

Accounting & FinanceAccounting & Finance– Personal financePersonal finance– Tax preparationTax preparation– Small business accountingSmall business accounting

Vertical MarketVertical Market– Hospitals, construction, schoolsHospitals, construction, schools

Horizontal MarketHorizontal Market– Generic like payrollGeneric like payroll– Project managementProject management

GroupwareGroupware– Help collaboration on group projectsHelp collaboration on group projects

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Science SoftwareScience Software

Statistical/graphing softwareStatistical/graphing software

Mathematical modeling softwareMathematical modeling software– Math CADMath CAD

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Software SuitesSoftware Suites

A collection of application A collection of application software sold in a packagesoftware sold in a package– Microsoft Office, Star Office, Open Microsoft Office, Star Office, Open

Office, WordPerfect OfficeOffice, WordPerfect Office

Available for productivity, Available for productivity, antivirus, and graphicsantivirus, and graphics

Cost and usabilityCost and usability

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Entertainment SoftwareEntertainment Software

Audio editing (sound recorder)Audio editing (sound recorder)

GamesGames

MP3 playerMP3 player

Video editing (Adobe Premiere)Video editing (Adobe Premiere)

MusicMusic•Ear trainingEar training

•NotationNotation•Computer-aided musicComputer-aided music

•MIDI sequencingMIDI sequencing

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Educational SoftwareEducational Software

Learn and practice new skillsLearn and practice new skills– ArithmeticArithmetic– ReadingReading– LanguagesLanguages– TypingTyping– SATSAT

Reference software (CD-ROMs)Reference software (CD-ROMs)

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ESRB RatingsESRB Ratings

Entertainment Software Ratings Entertainment Software Ratings BoardBoard

Rated over 7000 video and Rated over 7000 video and computer gamescomputer games

Symbols indicate age groupsSymbols indicate age groups

Content descriptorsContent descriptors– Violence, language, etc.Violence, language, etc.

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License vs. CopyrightLicense vs. Copyright

Software License:Software License: a legal contract that a legal contract that defines the ways in which you may use defines the ways in which you may use a computer program.a computer program.Copyright:Copyright: a form of legal protection that a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original work an grants the author of an original work an exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell and modify that work.and modify that work.Software piracySoftware piracyFor contract to take effect:For contract to take effect:– Open a shrink-wrap license productOpen a shrink-wrap license product– Agree to an installation agreementAgree to an installation agreement

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Types of Copyright ProtectionsTypes of Copyright Protections

Commercial: Commercial: License adheres to License adheres to limitations of copyright lawlimitations of copyright lawShareware:Shareware: try before you buy on try before you buy on the honor systemthe honor systemFreeware:Freeware: no fee - can use, but not no fee - can use, but not alter or sellalter or sellOpen Source:Open Source: uncompiled source uncompiled source code that can be changed - sold or code that can be changed - sold or freefreePublic Domain:Public Domain: can be copied, can be copied, altered and resoldaltered and resold

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Types of LicensesTypes of Licenses

Single-userSingle-user

Site licenseSite license

Multiple-userMultiple-user

Concurrent-userConcurrent-user

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Tech Talk: Installing SoftwareTech Talk: Installing Software

System requirementsSystem requirements– Operating system and minimum hardware Operating system and minimum hardware

capacitiescapacities

Steps (setup.exe)Steps (setup.exe)– Copy files to hard driveCopy files to hard drive– Uncompress if necessary (Win Zip)Uncompress if necessary (Win Zip)– Verify system requirements metVerify system requirements met– Select appropriate device driversSelect appropriate device drivers– Necessary system files/players (Media Player)Necessary system files/players (Media Player)– Update registry and program menu Update registry and program menu

Uninstall routine or Windows Uninstall routine or Windows Add/Remove programsAdd/Remove programs

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IssueIssue

Is Privacy Is Privacy a Problem?a Problem?

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Computer SoftwareComputer Software

EndEnd