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Chapter Nine:Latin American Music

Chapter Nine:Latin American Music

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Four Major Categories of Latin American Music

Four Major Categories of Latin American Music

Indigenous Music Iberian (Spanish/Portuguese) and mestizo

(mixed ancestry) Folk Music African influenced Music Urban Popular Music

Indigenous Music Iberian (Spanish/Portuguese) and mestizo

(mixed ancestry) Folk Music African influenced Music Urban Popular Music

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Indigenous PeoplesIndigenous Peoples

Mexico and Central America: Aztec, Maya, and Inca.

South America, over 100 languages and 2000 dialects.

Several conquests over the past 500 years, Spanish or Portuguese; genocide of much indigenous population, early 16th century

Mexico and Central America: Aztec, Maya, and Inca.

South America, over 100 languages and 2000 dialects.

Several conquests over the past 500 years, Spanish or Portuguese; genocide of much indigenous population, early 16th century

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InstrumentsInstruments Indigenous instruments

Flutes (kenas), ocarinas, conches, panpipes (zampoñas), and various percussion instruments (see the Sue Reichling presentation, class 36)

Non-indigenous (imported) instruments String instruments, related to violin, harp, and

guitar

Indigenous instruments Flutes (kenas), ocarinas, conches, panpipes

(zampoñas), and various percussion instruments (see the Sue Reichling presentation, class 36)

Non-indigenous (imported) instruments String instruments, related to violin, harp, and

guitar

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South AmericaAndes Mountain Region

South AmericaAndes Mountain Region

6Andes Village Musicians, featuring panpipes & drumsAndes Village Musicians, featuring panpipes & drums

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Panpipes with Kena, Ozark Empire Fair

Panpipes with Kena, Ozark Empire Fair

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Two Against ThreeTwo Against Three

Where have we seen this before? Sesquialtera (simultaneous division of the

measure by 3 and by 2) Hemiola (3 in the space of 2)

IV:7 “Pajarillo” European Renaissance music Brahms

Where have we seen this before? Sesquialtera (simultaneous division of the

measure by 3 and by 2) Hemiola (3 in the space of 2)

IV:7 “Pajarillo” European Renaissance music Brahms

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Nueva CanciónNueva Canción

Nueva Cancion originated in Chile as a modern and socially conscious musical style and message that draws attention to the struggles for dignity by everyday people.

“El Lazo” (IV:8) Pica Pica, by a composer from Springfield’s sister city in

Mexico, Tlaquepaque, is not so political in tone. Sesquialtera = simultaneous feeling of 6/8 and 3/4 meters

(two against three). “America” from West Side Story alternates 6/8 and 3/4

Nueva Cancion originated in Chile as a modern and socially conscious musical style and message that draws attention to the struggles for dignity by everyday people.

“El Lazo” (IV:8) Pica Pica, by a composer from Springfield’s sister city in

Mexico, Tlaquepaque, is not so political in tone. Sesquialtera = simultaneous feeling of 6/8 and 3/4 meters

(two against three). “America” from West Side Story alternates 6/8 and 3/4

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Pica, PicaPica, Pica Abran muy bien sus ojitos, Open your eyes very wide, Agradezco su atencion I am grateful for your attention Con el degido respeto With due respect Voy a entonar me cancion. I am going to sing my song.

Identedad de mi pueblo, Intentity of my people, Clutivo de mis ancestros, Cultivation of my ancestors, Yo les presento un amigo, I introduce you to a friend, Por favor tomen su asiento. Please take your seats.

Con el maiz y el frijol, With the corn and the bean, Plantas hermanas del sol, Sister plants of the sun, El chile es tan mexicano, The Chile is so Mexican, Como el mariachi y su son. Like the mariachi and its rhythm

Pica, Pica, Dale a tu vida sabor, Hot, Hot, give flavor to your life Pica, pica, Milagro de esta region; Hot, Hot, miracle of this region; Pica, pica, Travieso y vcilador, Hot, Hot, mischievous and playful, Pica, pica, Alburero y trovador. Magician and troubadour.

Abran muy bien sus ojitos, Open your eyes very wide, Agradezco su atencion I am grateful for your attention Con el degido respeto With due respect Voy a entonar me cancion. I am going to sing my song.

Identedad de mi pueblo, Intentity of my people, Clutivo de mis ancestros, Cultivation of my ancestors, Yo les presento un amigo, I introduce you to a friend, Por favor tomen su asiento. Please take your seats.

Con el maiz y el frijol, With the corn and the bean, Plantas hermanas del sol, Sister plants of the sun, El chile es tan mexicano, The Chile is so Mexican, Como el mariachi y su son. Like the mariachi and its rhythm

Pica, Pica, Dale a tu vida sabor, Hot, Hot, give flavor to your life Pica, pica, Milagro de esta region; Hot, Hot, miracle of this region; Pica, pica, Travieso y vcilador, Hot, Hot, mischievous and playful, Pica, pica, Alburero y trovador. Magician and troubadour.

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No tengan miedo senores, Have no fear people, Esto es cuestion de semblanza, This is a question of

similarities. Aqui la cosa es calmada, Here, things are calm, Pueden agarrar confianza. You can trust.

Hay ena gran variedad, There is a great variety, Hay diferentes sabores, There are different flavors De formas y de colores, Of shapes and colors Como podran apreciar. As you will be able to

appreciate.

Hay mulato y hay serrano, There are dark ones and others from the mountain.

Y entre otros el cascabel, And among other the bell, Y uno que se cree muy ancho, And one that thinks himself

very wide. A ver quien puede con el. Let’s see who can put up with him.

Chorus

No tengan miedo senores, Have no fear people, Esto es cuestion de semblanza, This is a question of

similarities. Aqui la cosa es calmada, Here, things are calm, Pueden agarrar confianza. You can trust.

Hay ena gran variedad, There is a great variety, Hay diferentes sabores, There are different flavors De formas y de colores, Of shapes and colors Como podran apreciar. As you will be able to

appreciate.

Hay mulato y hay serrano, There are dark ones and others from the mountain.

Y entre otros el cascabel, And among other the bell, Y uno que se cree muy ancho, And one that thinks himself

very wide. A ver quien puede con el. Let’s see who can put up with him.

Chorus

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El guero le dijo al gordo, The blond said to the fat one Por ahi viene el jalapeno There comes the jalaapeno. Anda buscando camorra, He’s looking for trouble, Junto con el cuaresmeno. Together with the one who is

the lesser.

El manzano es muy tranquilo, The banana is pretty calm. No seas guajillo le dicen, They say to him, “Don’t be a

hillbilly, Si ya te quieres ir, vete, If you want to go, leave, Porque ahi viene el molcajete. Because there comes the

troublemaker.”

"me agarran desprevenido,” “They catch me unprepared,” Grito el chipotle maldito Shouted the cursed chile

chipotle. Y el piquin que le responde, And the little hot chili

responded, "a mi me pelan fresquito” “They skin me raw.”

Chorus Translation by Steve Breedlove

El guero le dijo al gordo, The blond said to the fat one Por ahi viene el jalapeno There comes the jalaapeno. Anda buscando camorra, He’s looking for trouble, Junto con el cuaresmeno. Together with the one who is

the lesser.

El manzano es muy tranquilo, The banana is pretty calm. No seas guajillo le dicen, They say to him, “Don’t be a

hillbilly, Si ya te quieres ir, vete, If you want to go, leave, Porque ahi viene el molcajete. Because there comes the

troublemaker.”

"me agarran desprevenido,” “They catch me unprepared,” Grito el chipotle maldito Shouted the cursed chile

chipotle. Y el piquin que le responde, And the little hot chili

responded, "a mi me pelan fresquito” “They skin me raw.”

Chorus Translation by Steve Breedlove

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Bolivian K’antuBolivian K’antu “Kutirimunapaq” (CD IV:9)“Hocketing panpipes, with rhythmic melodies played in parallel fifths and octaves

and a strong, steady rhythm on a large drum.”

Instruments including multiple (over 20!) zampoña, wankara drum, and ch’inisku (triangle).

hocket = alternating notes of melody among several voices and/or instruments (as in the panpipes of this example).

Doubling of melodic line in parallel octaves and fifths. Formal structure of ABC, and repeated Continuous dancing along with the music

“Kutirimunapaq” (CD IV:9)“Hocketing panpipes, with rhythmic melodies played in parallel fifths and octaves

and a strong, steady rhythm on a large drum.”

Instruments including multiple (over 20!) zampoña, wankara drum, and ch’inisku (triangle).

hocket = alternating notes of melody among several voices and/or instruments (as in the panpipes of this example).

Doubling of melodic line in parallel octaves and fifths. Formal structure of ABC, and repeated Continuous dancing along with the music

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The Quichua of the Northern Andes of Ecuador

The Quichua of the Northern Andes of Ecuador

Comunas (small clusters of houses) on the slopes of Mt. Cotacachi

Language is Quichua

Comunas (small clusters of houses) on the slopes of Mt. Cotacachi

Language is Quichua

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TraditionsTraditions

Traditional agriculture and material culture Maize; Cabuya cactus provides fiber Homes are one room, covered patio, mud

walls, dirt floor Men wear white or blue shirts, white pants, dark

poncho, hats; women wear embroidered blouses, shawls, two skirts with two belts; dress not changed much since 16th century

Traditional agriculture and material culture Maize; Cabuya cactus provides fiber Homes are one room, covered patio, mud

walls, dirt floor Men wear white or blue shirts, white pants, dark

poncho, hats; women wear embroidered blouses, shawls, two skirts with two belts; dress not changed much since 16th century

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Strong sense of communityStrong sense of community

Common language, dress, material culture Same diet of beans and potatoes Weekly markets Periodic community work projects Fiestas Communication carried by foot; walking, or

purina, is vital to daily life

Common language, dress, material culture Same diet of beans and potatoes Weekly markets Periodic community work projects Fiestas Communication carried by foot; walking, or

purina, is vital to daily life

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SanjuánSanjuán

A type of song played at the festival of St. John the Baptist

A type of dance performed at that festival

Now a popular song form

A type of song played at the festival of St. John the Baptist

A type of dance performed at that festival

Now a popular song form

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HarpHarp

Without pedals (one scale) In the region for hundreds of years Initially brought from European missionaries Typically a male occupation

Cascarón (CD IV:10)

Without pedals (one scale) In the region for hundreds of years Initially brought from European missionaries Typically a male occupation

Cascarón (CD IV:10)

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Form of sanjuanesForm of sanjuanes Strophic Phrase length often lasts eight beats Short-long-short rhythmic motive Rhythm of first half often identical with

second half (isorhythm) Some sanjuanes are sung, while others

are instrumental Walking and wandering is an important

metaphor in text

Strophic Phrase length often lasts eight beats Short-long-short rhythmic motive Rhythm of first half often identical with

second half (isorhythm) Some sanjuanes are sung, while others

are instrumental Walking and wandering is an important

metaphor in text

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Two Classic SanjuánsTwo Classic Sanjuáns

Rosa Maria’s House A-Burning (CD IV:11)

Harp, Voice (and golpe)

Ilumán tiyu (CD IV:12) Violin, kenas, guitars, drum, and voice Classic sanjuán Highly popular song in the 1980s and 1990s Composer was saying “remember me”

Compare to “One Song, Glory” from Rent

Rosa Maria’s House A-Burning (CD IV:11)

Harp, Voice (and golpe)

Ilumán tiyu (CD IV:12) Violin, kenas, guitars, drum, and voice Classic sanjuán Highly popular song in the 1980s and 1990s Composer was saying “remember me”

Compare to “One Song, Glory” from Rent

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The Andean Ensemble PhenomenonThe Andean Ensemble Phenomenon Widespread phenomenon in the Andes and beyond Music making is an important means of socialization

among Quichua youths Featured regularly for tourists In the United States, many groups have become

popular and widely known

Peruvian wayno

Amor imposible (CD:12)

Performed by Chaskinakuy

Widespread phenomenon in the Andes and beyond Music making is an important means of socialization

among Quichua youths Featured regularly for tourists In the United States, many groups have become

popular and widely known

Peruvian wayno

Amor imposible (CD:12)

Performed by Chaskinakuy

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Additional Equadorian MusicAdditional Equadorian Music

Vacación (IV:14) A Child’s Wake

Toro Barroso (IV:16) Don César Muqinche

Vamos pa’ Manabi (IV:17) Bomba

Vacación (IV:14) A Child’s Wake

Toro Barroso (IV:16) Don César Muqinche

Vamos pa’ Manabi (IV:17) Bomba