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Chapter 6Chapter 6The ProgressivesThe Progressives

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Starter #2: Monday 10/1Starter #2: Monday 10/1

Read “How the Other Half Lives” on page 170

Why do you think immigrants would have had to live in such awful conditions?

What was the title of the book that both described the conditions that Riis and helped him in his fight to improve them?

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Starter #2: Monday 10/3Starter #2: Monday 10/3

Read the American Literature on page 176

What dangers to workers and to food does Sinclair describe?

What does The Jungle suggest about reasons workers formed unions?

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What was Progressivism?What was Progressivism? Progressivism: Arose to address many of

the social problems that industrialization created (progressives)

1. Improve living conditions for the poor 2. Questioned power and practices of big

business 3. Government to be more honest and

responsive to people’s needs REFORM SOCIETY, WORKPLACE,

GOVERNMENT

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MuckrakersMuckrakers

Reformed-minded writers First to expose many of the social ills “raked up” exposed filth of society

Ida Tarbell – Standard Oil Wrote about: business & political

corruption, child labor, slum conditions, racial discrimination

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Reforming SocietyReforming Society Cities failed to provide: garbage

collection, safe housing, police/fire protection

HOUSING Tenement Act 1901

Forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways, provide at least one toilet per 2 families, outhouses were banned

Improved health – 15 years, death rate dropped in NYC

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SocietySociety

1909 – Ida Wells-Barnett, WEB Du Bois, Jane Addams, and many others founded

NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Fight for the rights of African Americans Fought segregation & stereo types

ADL – Anti-Defamation League Fight anti-Semitism toward Jews

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Starter #3: Tuesday 10/2Starter #3: Tuesday 10/2

Read page 173. Answer the question under Drawing

Conclusions.

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Reforming the WorkplaceReforming the Workplace

Labor unions fight for men – Progressives started the fight for women & children Wanted to prohibit child labor and limit

the number of hours women were forced to work

Paid very low wages – 40% working class in poverty

Fought for minimum wage – National government did not pass until 1938

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WorkplaceWorkplace

Lochner v. New York (1905) – limit work day Court refused to uphold a law limiting

bakers to a 10 hour workday saying it denied workers their right to contract with their employees

Muller v. Oregon (1908) Limited women to 10 hour workday, hurt

their health

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The Triangle Shirtwaist The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire Company Fire

Turning point for reform Read and look at the picture on pages

172-174

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UnionsUnions

Fought for better working conditions AFL (American Federation of Labor)

Skilled Workers ILGWU (International Ladies Garment

Workers Union) Unskilled Workers

Success brief, strikes failures, government cracked down on activities

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Reforming the Reforming the GovernmentGovernment

GOAL: Eliminate government corruption & make government more efficient

City Reforms Ohio, Texas, Council-Manager Model (pg.

174) State Reforms

Campaign spending, Regulate railroads & utilities

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Election Reforms Election Reforms Make more fair & politicians more accountable

to voters 17th Amendment: voters directly elect US

Senators Secret Ballot Initiative

Voters put a proposed law on ballot for approval Referendum

Voters put a recently passed law on ballot to reject or reapprove

Recall Voters can remove elected official by calling a

special election (end of section 1)

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Starter #3: Tues 10/2Starter #3: Tues 10/2

Read The Inside Story on page 177 What barriers did Alberta Virginia

Scott and Otelia Cromwell break in the late 1800s?

What profession did both women go into after graduating from college?

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Opportunities for WomenOpportunities for WomenSKIPSKIP

Education, employment, community 1833 Oberline College in Ohio

became the first to admit women 1870 20% college students were women 1900 33% college students were women

Upper/Middle Class Still denied many opportunities

Training grounds for political activism

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EmploymentEmploymentSKIPSKIP

Teachers, nurses, bookkeepers, typists, secretaries, shop clerks

Journalists & artists – to appeal to the American public

Working class women Garment Industry

Employers assumed women were single and supported by their fathers Justified why they paid them lower

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Starter #4: Wed 10/3Starter #4: Wed 10/3

Look at the Political Cartoon on page 181

How do the words change as the stairs lead up to the top?

What point is the cartoonist trying to make with this cartoon?

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Gaining Political Gaining Political ExperienceExperience

Women backbone to Progressive Era

Children’s Heath & Welfare End child labor, improve health,

promote education

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ProhibitionProhibition

Ban on making, selling, and distributing alcoholic beverages Claimed alcohol was responsible for crime,

poverty, and violence against women and children Woman’s Christian Temperance Union

(WCTU) Carry Nation

Hatchet & Bible smashed up saloons 18th Amendment – Confirmed Prohibition

1919 So unpopular repealed in 1933

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Civil RightsCivil RightsSKIP SKIP

African American women fought all same things + discrimination

National Association of Colored Women Campaigned against poverty,

segregation, & lynchings

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What does Suffrage What does Suffrage mean???mean???

It does not mean “suffering!!”

It’s actually a “good” word

It means… the right to vote!

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Rise of Women’s Suffrage Rise of Women’s Suffrage MovementMovement

1848 meeting Senecca Falls – would take 72 years….

15th Amendment Gave African American men the right to

vote after the Civil War Cannot deny the right to vote based on

“account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

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Video ClipVideo Clip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvk1NZDFvZU

Mary Poppins Sister Suffragette

http://www.hulu.com/watch/60255/a-celebration-of-womens-history-the-womens-rights-movement-then-and-now

News program 1998 – 150 Anniversary of Senecca Falls

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Women OrganizeWomen Organize

National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B

Anthony Campaigned right to vote & other women

issues American Woman Suffrage

Association (AWSA) Focused only on voting rights by going

state to state

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Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

Wrote pamphlets, gave speeches 1872 registered to vote & voted

Arrested for “knowingly, wrongfully and unlawfully” voting

Read excerpt page 181 Fined $100, she refused to pay

Court claimed citizenship does not = the right to vote

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Anti-Suffrage Arguments Anti-Suffrage Arguments Voting inferred with women’s duties at home Destroy families Did not have the education or experience Women didn’t want to vote – don’t force them

to Liquor industries feared women would support

Prohibition Food & Drug safety Worker & child safety Church claimed marriage sacred bond where it

should be led by man

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Merge!Merge!

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Susan B Anthony president 1892-1900

Anthony died in 1906 “Failure is impossible”

Only one signer from Seneca Falls was alive in 1920 when the 19th Amendment was passed She was 92 (end of section 2)

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Starter #5: Thurs 10/4Starter #5: Thurs 10/4

Read the Inside Story: “Cowboy or Politician” on page 183

What are two accomplishments that no one could have predicted of Roosevelt when he was a shy, sickly 9 year old?

What tragedies did Roosevelt have to deal with when he was 26?

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Starter #4: Thursday Starter #4: Thursday 9/309/30

Look at the Bully Pulpit on page 185 What does the reference to big

business mean? What does the cartoon say about

Roosevelt’s efforts? Explain.

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Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt

Huge energetic reformer, Progressive Republicans tried to get him out of power Nominated him for vice president

McKinley shot 1901 - Became president! 42 years old, youngest President

Most Presidents took hands off approach Bully Pulpit: powerful platform to

publicize important issues and seek support for his policies

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The Coal Strike of 1902The Coal Strike of 1902

Read page 184 First time federal government

intervened in a strike to PROTECT the interests of the WORKERS & public

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Square DealSquare Deal

1904 Campaign slogan “see that each person is given a

square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less.”

Limit power of trusts, promote public health, safety, & working conditions

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Regulating BIG BusinessRegulating BIG Business

Quote – page 184 Companies should behave

responsible!

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Trust-BustingTrust-Busting 3 railroad tycoons combined to form

Northern Securities Company Total monopoly over railroads

Roosevelt claimed it violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Court upheld

Led to a WATERSHED Size of trust didn’t matter: was it good or bad

for the American public?? Sold inferior products, competed unfairly,

corrupted public officials

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Regulating RailroadsRegulating Railroads

RR gave rebates to large customers Hurt small businesses & farmers

Elkins Act Prohibited rebates, all customers paid

same rates for shipping their products Hepburn Act

Set maximum railroad rates

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Protecting ConsumersProtecting Consumers Food & Drug companies

Selling dangerous products to an unknowing public

Read excerpt on page 186 Wilson Report Meat Inspection Act

Federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines

Pure Food & Drug Act Forbade the sale of products with harmful

ingredients

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Environmental Environmental ConservationConservation

Late 1800s people acted as if US had unlimited supply of natural resources

Roosevelt claimed each generation has a duty to protect & conserve (187) John Muir – naturalist who worked with

Roosevelt Newlands Reclamation Act

Create irrigation projects to make dry lands productive

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ConservationConservation

Gifford Pinchot Scientific management of natural

resources was crucial Forest Service

Added 150 million acres to national forests

Antiquities Act Created 18 national monuments

**Environmental conservation is one of Roosevelt’s greatest legacies…

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Video ClipVideo Clip

http://www.history.com/videos/america-goes-dry-with-prohibition#theodore-roosevelts-acts-and-legacy

Meat packing & conservation

Progressives (end of section 3)

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Starter #5: Monday 10/4Starter #5: Monday 10/4

2nd Page – Label it Quarter 1 Week 7 Read The Inside Story, Can Politics

and Friendship Mix? on page 189 How were Theodore Roosevelt and

William Howard Taft different? Why did Roosevelt soon regret the

support that he had given Taft during the election?

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Chapter 6 Section 4Chapter 6 Section 4Taft and WilsonTaft and Wilson

BACKGROUND Election of 1908 won by huge margin Supported Roosevelt’s reform

movement Created Department of Labor 16th Amendment: Power to levy taxes

based on individual's income Lost support of Progressive

Republicans because of bill on tariffs Alienated Conservation supporters as

well

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Split in the Republican Split in the Republican PartyParty

Roosevelt campaigned in 1910 congressional election for New Nationalism

Set of laws to protect workers, ensure public health, and regulate business

Did not win, which caused more splits in the party

Election 1912, Republicans supported Taft, Progressive split into own party

“Bull Moose” nominated Roosevelt Due to split Democrat Woodrow Wilson won

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Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom

BACKGROUND Zealous Reformer New Freedom: Platform that called

for tariff reductions, banking reform, and stronger antitrust legislation

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Tariff ReductionTariff Reduction

Underwood Tariff Act: Lower tariffs at lowest level in 50 years

Income tax to make up for lost money

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Banking ReformBanking Reform

Federal Reserve Act: Created a central fund from which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic

3 Tier Banking System

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Stronger Anti-TrustStronger Anti-Trust Sherman Act not strong enough Clayton Antitrust Act: clarified and

extended Sherman Companies could not buy stock of

competing companies in order to form a monopoly

Federal Trade Commission 1915: Enforced antitrust laws and got tough on companies that used deceptive advertising

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Women Gain the VoteWomen Gain the Vote

BACKGROUND NAWSA favored state by state

approach, yet took too long Alice Paul, formed Nat’l Women’s

Party Focused on passage of the

Amendment, used tactics from Britain 19th Amendment passed in 1920,

gave women full voting rights

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Progressivism and the Rights Progressivism and the Rights of African Americansof African Americans

Not many new rights Brownsville Incident 1906: Not until

1972 were records changed Wilson, bad record with civil rights:

Opposed federal laws against Lynching Allowed segregation in offices Felony for blacks & whites to marry in DC

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WWI brought End to WWI brought End to Progressive EraProgressive Era

Wilson’s 2nd Term completely devoted to the war

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HomeworkHomework

Page 193 #1 a, c #2 b, c #3 a #4 b

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Starter #6: Tuesday 10/5Starter #6: Tuesday 10/5

Look at the cartoon on page 194 Describe what is going on in the

political cartoon. Do you think the artist sees the work

of muckrakers as positive or negative? Explain.

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Starter #7: Wednesday Starter #7: Wednesday 10/610/6

REVIEW #1 Define initiative, referendum, &

recall. #2 What effect did the 15th

amendment have on women’s voting rights?

#3 Define Bully Pulpit & the Square Deal.

#4 What were the 16th & 19th amendments?

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Starter #8: Friday 10/8Starter #8: Friday 10/8

Reflect about the test yesterday… How do you think you did? What was the easiest part? What was the hardest part? What is something that you should

have studied but you didn’t?