1 Chapter 14 Autonomic Nervous System Lecture 21 Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Marieb ...
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Transcript of 1 Chapter 14 Autonomic Nervous System Lecture 21 Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Marieb ...
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Autonomic Nervous System
• functions without conscious effort• controls visceral (squishy!) activities• regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Two Main Divisions
• sympathetic – prepares body for fight or flight situations
• parasympathetic – prepares body for rest and digest activities
Third Division – Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
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Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous Systems
Figure from: Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, Pearson, 2013
Dual
Overview of Sympathetic NS
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From: http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/thoraxlesson5.htm
From: http://www.nature.com/gimo/contents/pt1/fig_tab/gimo6_F4.html
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Sympathetic Division of ANS
Figure from: Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology, McGraw Hill, 2007
Effectors in muscles and body wall
Effectors in head and thoracic cavity
*
*
*
(T5 – T12)
Paravertebral ganglion
NOTE: Arrangement of nerves creates DIVERGENCE
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Sympathetic Division of the ANS
SYMPATHETIC (Thoracolumbar outflow)
Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Fight or Flight
“E” situations Emergency Embarrassment Excitement Exercise
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Parasympathetic(Craniosacral outflow)
SalivationLacrimationUrinationDigestionDefecation
3 decreases - Heart rate - Airway diameter - Pupil size (constrict)
“REST AND DIGEST”
Figure from: Martini, Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, Pearson Education, 2004
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Autonomic Plexuses
Figure from: Martini, Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, Pearson Education, 2004
Sympathetic collateral (prevertebral) ganglia
Autonomic plexuses contain sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers
(Solar plexus)
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Autonomic Neurotransmitters
You should know which neurotransmitters are released, and the locations where they are released
= always excitatory in ganglia
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Actions of Autonomic Neurotransmitters
• depend on receptor
Cholinergic receptors• bind acetylcholine• nicotinic
• excitatory• muscarinic
• excitatory or inhibitory
Adrenergic receptors• bind norepinephrine• alpha (Types 1 and 2)
• different responses on various effectors
• beta (Types 1 and 2)• different responses on various effectors
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Control of Autonomic Activity
Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
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Review of Autonomic Nervous System
Branch of ANS PARASYMPATHETIC SYMPATHETIC
GeneralFunction
* “rest and digest”* (SLUDD); Salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation* 3 decreses; ↓ heart rate, ↓ pupil size, ↓ airway diameter
* “fight or flight” * E situations: Emergency, exercise, embarassment, excitement
Origin of Preganglionic fiber
cranial region of brain or sacral region of spinal cord (craniosacral outflow)
thoracic or lumbar region of spinal cord (thoracolumbar outflow)Divergence for widespread activation of body
Location of Ganglia
within or near effector organ alongside or in front of spinal cord (paravertebral ganglia; collateral ganglia)
NTx secreted by postganglionicfiber
acetylcholine Norepinephrine (some acetylcholine; sweat glands, smooth muscle on blood vessels, brain)
Good summary chart to know