1 britain geography and english society
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Transcript of 1 britain geography and english society
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Chapter 4
The Regions of Great Britain &
English Society
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Quick Geography• England, Scotland, and
Wales occupy one island (Great Britain).
• Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland occupy the second island.
• GB covers 244,000 sq. km.• 965 km in length, 508 km
wide.• Britain can be divided into
Lowland Britain and Highland Britain
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Lowland Britain
• Located in South East Britain (Blue).
• Consists of low-lying and fertile land suited for agriculture.
• The climate is warmer than in the north.
• More heavily populated than the north.
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Highland Britain
• North West (Scotland)• Consists of hilly or
mountainous countryside.• Thin soils, with pockets of
fertile lowland.
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English Society in the 17th Century
• England became a colonizing nation because they were wealthy and powerful, and by defeating the Spanish Armada in 1588 they had the freedom to travel the high seas.
• England built colonies in India, South Africa,North America, and other parts of the world.
• Trade with the colonies enriched England even more.
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English Society
• English population grew rapidly• English entrepeneurs (merchants, manufactures,
and landholders) found unprecedented opportunities to become wealthy.
• To the upper class the future looked promising and the country was ready to become a world power.
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Upper Class• Kings• Owners of factories & workhouses• King’s advisors• Nobility• Church officials
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Middle Class• Soldiers• Merchants• Landowners• Manufacturers• Military officers• Professionals• Teachers
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Lower CLass• Cottagers• Workers• Peasants• Unemployed
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English Society Pyramid• Draw the pyramid below and add the titles from
the last 3 slides and the boxes from the next slide:
___________
___________
___________
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Guilds• Guilds: organizations to protect skilled
workers such as carpenters, blacksmiths, stone masons, dress makers, etc.– Agriculture & ordinary workers worked long hours
with little pay (10 pennies/day) and lived in terrible conditions
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Diet• Food:– Poor: mostly bread & beer, occasionally meat & cheese– Wealthy: mostly meat (strongly flavoured to hide un-
freshness)– Fruits & vegetables unpopular– Forks just coming into fashion– New imported foods: pineapples, maize, potatoes,
coffee, tea, chocolate– Coffee houses became popular
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Crime and Punishment• Crimes of treason and offenses against the state were
treated with the same severity that murder and rape are today.
• Offenses such as manslaughter, robbery, rape, piracy, and capital crimes entitled one to hanging, usually in the town square.
• A woman found guilty of poisoning her husband was burned alive.
• A cook who poisoned his customers was boiled to death in a cauldron of water or lead.
• Public ridicule to criminals!
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Family
• Boys can marry at 14, girls at 12. Usually didn’t happen until age at 21.
• Wives are the property of their husbands and depend on their husband for life.
• A little boy is dressed in skirts, pretty much like his sisters, until the age of six or seven, when he gets his first pair of breeches or breech hose.
• Breeching is a rite of passage for a boy, and a big deal for a boy. A father would now take on a bigger role to raise his boy.
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Breeching
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Health
• Average age was 35 in the early 1600’s.• New medicine finally emerging. Some still
believe the body consisted of blood, black bile, phlegm, yellow bile.
• Often left to superstition and myth.
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Fun• Tennis and shuttlecock. Board games like chess,
backgammon.• Theatre was very popular.• In the early 17th century the stage jutted out into
the audience. Boys played women's parts! • ‘Sports' like cock fighting and bull and bear baiting
were popular. (A bear or bull was chained to a post and dogs were trained to attack it).
• The first English newspaper was printed in 1621.
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English Monarchy Activity