1. Brazilian spatial disparities: inequality in municipal HDI.

1. Brazilian spatial disparities: inequality in municipal HDI

0.20

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

HD

I

Percentage of municipalities

Distribution of Brazilian municipalities according to HDI, 2010

Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report

Brazil - 2010

1. Brazilian spatial disparities: inequality in municipal HDI

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HD

I

Percentage of municipalities and countries

Distribution of Brazilian municipalities and countries of the World according to HDI, 2010


Brazil - 2010

World - 2010

Uganda

Netherlands

85%

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5

10.010.511.011.512.0

0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90

Perc

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HDI

HDI of Brazilian municipalities: frequency distribution, 2010


1. Brazilian spatial disparities: HDI bimodal distribution

Legend

1. Brazilian spatial disparities: HDI bimodal distribution

2. Why spatial inequality is so important for development

Development as a result of local collective actionLocal protagonism Advantages of local development

Common knowledge of local specificities Mutual acquaintance promote trust and solidarity Logistic lower cost

Spatial inequality: external solidarity

Legend

3. Brazilian progress: HDI by municipality - Brazil, 2000

Legend

3. Brazilian progress: HDI by municipality - Brazil, 2010

3. Reducing spatial inequality: HDI growth by percentile

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Gro

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Percentage of municipalities

HDI growth rate curve by percentile: Brazil, 2000 to 2010

Municipalitieswith lower HDI

Municipalitieswith higher HDI

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5

10.010.511.011.512.0

0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90

Perc

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HDI



3. Reducing inequality: HDI frequency distribution

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5

10.010.511.011.512.0

0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90

Perc

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HDI




0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5

10.010.511.011.512.0

0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90

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HDI

HDI of Brazilian municipalities: frequency distribution, 2000 - 2010



2000

2010

3. Reducing inequality: evolution of the HDI distribution around the median

0

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60

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90

100

Below 80% of the HDI median value Between 80% and 120% of the HDI median value Above 120% of the HDI median value

Perc

enta

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f m

unic

ipal

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(%

)

Municipalities according to its position with respect to the HDI median value

Distribution of Brazilian municipalities with respect to the HDI median value, 2000 and 2010

2000

2010


0.50

0.52

0.54

0.56

0.58

0.60

0.62

0.64

0.66

0.68

0.70

0.72

0.74

0.76

0.78

0.80

1 10 100 1000

HD

I

Population Size (in thousands of people)

HDI according to municipality population , Brazil, 2010


3. Differentials among municipalities with distinct population sizes

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

29.5

30.0

First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth

Gro

wth

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bet

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010

(%)

Municipalities ordered by population size (deciles)

Growth rate in HDI by municipal population: Brazil, 2000-10

Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development ReportSource: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report

Municipalities with smaller population size

Municipalities with larger population size

3. Equating differentials among municipalities with different population sizes

3. Differentials in informal labor relations among municipalities with different population sizes

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r for

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mpl

oeye

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ihto

ut a

afo

rmal

labo

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trac

t (%

)

Population Deciles

Degree of informality by population size of municipality, 2000 e 2010

Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010

2010

2000

Municipalities with smaller population size

Municipalities with larger population size

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6.5

7.0


Ann

ual g

row

th ra

te (%

)

Average annual growth rate of income in Brazilian rural areas, 2001-2011

Source: SAE/PR, based on national Household Sample Survey 2001 e 2011

Bottom 10%

Top 10%

3. Reducing inequality in rural areas

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2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011

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tota

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ulati

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eac

h ar

ea (%

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Year

Evolution of extreme poverty in Brazilian urban and rural areas, 2001-2011

Source: SAE/PR, based on National Household Sample Survey between 2001 and 2011

Rural

Urban


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2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011

Perc

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h ar

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001=

100)

Year

Evolution of extreme poverty in Brazilian urban and rural areas, 2001-2011

Source: SAE/PR, based on National Household Sample Survey between 2001 and 2011

Rural

Urban


Brazilian 120 “TERRITÓRIOS DA CIDADANIA”

Municipalities covered by the Program

4. Programs to promote spatial integration: Federal programs

Legend

4. Programs to promote spatial integration: Provincial programs

ACRE

Socioeconomic Relations between rural communities and EDZsCAU

Communities with universal basic services

COPReference community

CAPCommunities with some non-basic services

ZEDSPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE

4. Provincial programs: ProAcre - Program for Social Inclusion and Sustainable Economic Development in the State of Acre

33 UPPs already

implemented

1,5 million beneficiaries

Goal: 40 UPPs

implemented up to 2014.

4. Programs to promote spatial integration: Local programs Rio de Janeiro Social UPP Program

Fonte: MI, MDA

Program Objective

Ministério da Integração Nacional - MI

Programa de Desenvolvimento Regional, Territorial Sustentável e Economia Solidária (antigo PROMESO) Esse programa se subdivide nas seguintes ações:

Formular e implementar os marcos legais das Políticas Nacionais de Desenvolvimento Regional e de Ordenamento Territorial, contribuindo para a redução das desigualdades regionais e ocupação racional do território.

PNDR - Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento RegionalReduzir as desigualdades entre as regiões brasileiras e a promover a equidade no acesso a oportunidades de desenvolvimento, estimulando o desenvolvimento regional em múltiplas escalas, com foco particular nos territórios selecionados e de ação prioritária.

PAPL - Política Nacional para APLs Estruturar e adensar arranjos produtivos locais e cadeias produtivas nos territórios, por meio da dinamização econômica e da inclusão produtiva.

ZEE - Política de Implementação do Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico

Elaborar e implementar o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico para a promoção do ordenamento e da gestão ambiental territorial.

RIDES - Regiões Integradas de Desenvolvimento Articular e harmonizar as ações administrativas da União, dos Estados e dos Municípios para a promoção de projetos que visem à dinamização econômica de territórios de baixo desenvolvimento

Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário – MDA

PTC - Programa Territórios da Cidadania Implementar ações de organização e gestão territorial; inclusão produtiva; infraestrutura rural e gestão social.

PRONAT - Programa Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Territórios Rurais

Acelerar processos de desenvolvimento locais e sub-regionais que ampliem as oportunidades de geração de renda de forma descentralizada e sustentável, articulados a redes de apoio e cooperação solidária.

4. Programs to promote spatial integration: Federal programs

5. Local and regional management matter

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Ann

ual G

row

th R

ate

(%)

Income percentile

Average annual growth rate in per capita income by percentile for two neighboring Brazilian states, 2001-2011

Neighboring State A

Neighboring State B

1. Brazilian spatial disparities: inequality in municipal HDI.

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